A-train

means an articulated vehicle towing a full trailer.

Affix

in relation to a vehicle identifier, means stamp, emboss, etch or engrave onto

a) the permanent structure of a motor vehicle, or

b) a plate affixed to the permanent structure of a vehicle.

Agricultural

in relation to purposes or operations, means connected directly with the operation or management of a farm.

i) an agricultural trailer, and

ii) an agricultural tractor, but

b) does not include any vehicle that is:

i) of a class specified in section 3-2 of the Introduction, and

ii) designed or constructed for general road use.

a) land cultivation

b) growing and harvesting crops (including horticulture and viticulture)

c) rearing livestock

d) any land management operation undertaken in connection with the operation or management of a farm.

a) towing an agricultural trailer, or

b) drawing, or powering, an implement ordinarily used for an agricultural purpose.

Agricultural trailer

means:

a) a trailer that is used exclusively for agricultural purposes, and

b) includes a wheeled agricultural implement, the wheels of which are in contact with the road when the implement is being towed; but

c) does not include a trailer that is

i. designed for the carriage of goodsoperated at a speed exceeding 40km/h, or

ii. a logging trailer.

Air brake

means a brake, the operation of which requires the use of compressed air.

All-terrain vehicle (ATV)

means a vehicle, with or without motor cycle controls and equipment, that:

a) is principally designed for off-road use, and

b) has three or more wheels, and

c) has an engine capacity exceeding 50 ml, and

d) has a gross weight of less than 1000 kg.

Alley lamp

means a work lamp designed primarily to provide a fixed or movable beam of light to the side of a vehicle to which it is fitted.

Alternative fuel inspection certificate

means evidence of vehicle inspection relating to the periodic in-service inspection and certification of an LPG or CNG fuel system.

Alternative fuel installation certificate or compliance plate

means an inspection and certification document relating to the installation of an LPG or CNG fuel system.

Alternative fuel system

means a fuel storage and conducting system that is used to provide liquid petroleum gas, compressed natural gas or any other pressurised liquid or gaseous fuel (other than petrol or diesel) for the purpose of propulsion of a vehicle.

Alternative fuel system inspection and certification

means inspection and certification of an LPG or CNG fuel system comprising either

a) specialist inspection and certification required for the issuing of an alternative fuel installation certificate or an alternative fuel installation compliance plate, or

b) in-service inspection and certification required for the issuing of an alternative fuel inspection certificate.

Ambulance

means a motor vehicle designed and used principally for the carriage of sick or injured persons.

Ambulance service

means a service that complies with the requirements in NZS 8156:2002 Ambulance Sector Standard, and is generally a vehicle marked and identified as an ambulance.

Anti-glare band overlay

means a tinted overlay that is transparent and that is applied along the top edge of the windscreen for the purpose of reducing glare from the sun.

Antilock braking system (ABS)

means a system that senses wheel slip and automatically modulates the pressure producing the braking forces at the wheel or wheels to limit the degree of wheel slip.

Applicable requirement

means any requirement specified or incorporated in an Act, regulation, code or rule that applies to the design, construction, condition, equipment, modification, repair or maintenance of a specific vehicle. All applicable requirements for in-service inspection and certification are contained in this manual.

Approved

in relation to an appliance, apparatus, device, system, component, equipment or fitting, means approved by NZTA.

Articulated bus

means a bus consisting of two or more rigid sections that:

a) articulate relative to each other, and

b) have interconnecting passenger compartments that allow passengers to move freely between them, and

c) are not easily detachable from each other without specialist equipment.

Articulated vehicle

means any motor vehicle with a semi-trailer attached, so that part of the semi-trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle and a substantial part of the weight of the semi-trailer and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle.

Asymmetric dipped-beam headlamp

means a dipped-beam headlamp that emits a beam of light with a distinct horizontal cut-off from at least the centre to the edge of the beam.

At a height not exceeding

in relation to lighting equipment fitted to a vehicle, means the height above which no part of the illuminated area of the equipment extends when the vehicle is at its gross vehicle mass and when each tyre with which the vehicle is fitted is inflated to the pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Auxiliary brake

means a device, other than a service brake or parking brake, fitted to a vehicle to enable the driver to control its speed, whether or not it is suitable to stop the vehicle.

Average deceleration

means the average deceleration during braking, which is either the mean value of deceleration during braking or the deceleration calculated from the distance travelled during the period when the deceleration occurred and the difference between the speed immediately before and after that.

Axle

means one or more shafts, spindles, or bearings in the same vertical transverse plane by means of which, in conjunction with wheels mounted on those shafts, spindles, or bearings, a portion of the weight of the vehicle is transmitted to the roadway, and:

a) if two or more wheels of a motor vehicle are substantially in the same line transversely and some or all of them have separate axles, the axles of all those wheels are to be treated as one axle;

b) if the longitudinal centre-line of an axle of a motor vehicle is less than 1m distant from the longitudinal centre-line of another axle, the two axles are to be treated as one axle (“a dual axle”);

c) for the purposes of measuring the distance of a dual axle from any other axle, the measurement is taken from the longitudinal centreline of the axle that is nearer to the axle from which the distance is to be measured.

Axle set

means a single axle set, a tandem axle set, a twin-steer axle set, a tri-axle set or a quad-axle set.

Axle stop device

means a device to control the movement of the axle in the event of suspension failure.

B-train

means a motor vehicle comprising a towing vehicle and two semi-trailers connected at two points of articulation where the forward distance of the longer trailer divided by the forward distance of the shorter trailer does not exceed 1.4.

Ballrace turntable

means a device incorporating a low friction ball bearing fitted between two substantial structural components of a vehicle to enable rotational motion between those components about a vertical axis.

Beacon

means a warning lamp comprising one or more light sources designed to emit a flashing light or a revolving beam of light.

Body

means the part of the vehicle that is designed for the use and accommodation of the occupants or to hold any goods, and (for PSVs) includes all of the portion of the vehicle that is designed for the use and accommodation of the occupants and their luggage, and to hold any goods that may be carried.

Body transfer vehicle

means a motor vehicle that is used primarily for the transportation of deceased persons.

Bolster Attachment Code

means the Bolster Attachment Code of the Log Transport Safety Council, approved by the NZTA.

Brake

means a system to reduce the speed of a vehicle, to stop the vehicle or to keep the vehicle stationary.

Brake circuit

means the combination of components that functionally links the brake control and the foundation brake. The circuit may be mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical or a mix of these.

Brake coupling

means the device for connecting the control and supply lines of the towing vehicle to the control and supply lines of the trailer.

Brake friction material

means a brake component having a friction surface that is designed to be preferentially sacrificed.

Brake friction surface

means any surface of a brake component that is designed to convert kinetic energy to heat.

Brake lining

means a brake lining in the case of a drum brake, and a brake pad in the case of a disc brake.

Brake lining assembly

means a component of a friction brake, including a brake lining and its backing plate or a brake lining and its brake shoe, that is pressed against the brake disc or drum to produce friction force.

Brake pedal assembly

means an assembly containing the brake pedal and pedal pivot, pedal bracket, pedal return spring and associated components.

Brake reservoir

means a device designed and constructed to store fluid, compressed air, compressed gas or vacuum; does not include pipes, valves, hoses or booster cylinders operated by vacuum or compressed air.

Braking force

means the retarding force generated by a brake assembly.

Breakaway brake

means a service brake or parking brake fitted to a trailer that ensures, under all conditions of use, that, if the trailer is unintentionally disconnected from its towing vehicle, the brake will automatically and immediately apply and will remain applied for at least 15 minutes.

Cab-guard

means a structure attached to a vehicle that provides protection to the cab occupants from the effects of load impact, and may include a headboard.

Caravan trailer

means a trailer that is permanently equipped with features intended to make the vehicle suitable as a person’s dwelling place, and must include at least one sleeping berth and one table, both of which may be of a design that allows them to be retracted or folded away.

Central tyre inflation system

means a type of tyre pressure control system that adjusts tyre pressure for the purpose of inflating and deflating tyres to improve tyre adhesion and reduce road surface damage and which is under the central control of the driver or an automated system, or a combination of both the driver and an automated system (commonly known as ‘CTI’).

Certificate of fitness (CoF)

means evidence of vehicle inspection issued to vehicles listed under 3.3.1 of the Introduction.

Certificate of fitness inspection and certification

means periodic in-service inspection and certification of a vehicle listed under 3.3.1 of the Introduction.

Certificate of loading (CoL)

means a certificate issued to a vehicle that requires verification of its loading and weight limits.

Certificate of loading inspection and certification

means inspection and certification of a vehicle, required for the issuing of a certificate of loading.

Certify

means

a) in relation to a vehicle, or specific aspect of a vehicle, to make a record of determination that confirms that the vehicle inspector or inspecting organisation has determined that the vehicle or specific aspect of the vehicle complies with the applicable requirements, or

b) in relation to a vehicle’s loading and weight limits, to make a record of determination of a vehicle’s loading and weight limits.

Chassis

means the structural lower part of a vehicle to which the running gear and, as applicable, engine, transmission, steering system and body may be attached.

Chassis assembly

means a chassis with running gear attached and, as applicable, engine, transmission and steering system attached.

Child restraint

includes child seats, booster seats and seatbelts designed specifically to fit children.

Child safety lock

means a safety device installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent a door from being opened from inside of the vehicle.

Class

in relation to vehicles, means a category of vehicle of one of the Groups A, L, M, N and T, as specified under 3.2 of the Introduction.

CNG

means compressed natural gas.

Coaming rail

means a raised frame boarder around the load platform of a vehicle.

Combination vehicle

means a towing vehicle in combination with one or more trailers or other motor vehicle that is being towed.

means:

• for vehicle classes LA and LC, a service brake system where at least two brakes on different wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control
• for vehicle classes LB and LE, a service brake system where the brakes on all wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control
• for vehicle class LD, a service brake system where the brakes on at least the front and rear wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. If the rear wheel and sidecar wheel are braked by the same brake system, this is regarded as the rear brake.

Compliance label

means an attachment to a vehicle in the form of a label that confirms compliance of the vehicle or a specific aspect of the vehicle with applicable requirements.

Compliance plate

means an attachment to a vehicle in the form of a plate that confirms compliance of the vehicle or a specific aspect of the vehicle with applicable requirements.

Conditional permit (or permit, including temporary permit or 28-day permit)

means inspection and certification document that confirms that a determination has been made that the vehicle is safe to be operated under specified conditions.

A conflict of interest means where there is, could be, or may be perceived to be, a conflict between the financial or professional interests or obligations of the inspecting organisation or vehicle inspector and their obligations under the terms of the IOs Notice of Appointment.

Construction (vehicle)

means the manufacture, assembly, reassembly or modification of a vehicle, and includes all acts and activities related or incidental to the construction of a vehicle.

Construction (tyre)

means:

a) for a pneumatic tyre, the type of tyre carcass (including ply orientation and ply rating or load index), or

b) for any other tyre, characteristics relating to size, shape and material.

Control

means the part of the brake actuated directly by the driver to regulate the operation of the brake.

means a document you must use and complete as part of your inspection and certification work, such as a WoF or CoF label, WoF or CoFchecksheet, or a certificate of loading

Control (service) line

means the part of the brake circuit that transmits the service brake signal within a vehicle and also between vehicles being operated as a combination vehicle.

Converter dolly

means an individual trailer unit with a fifth-wheel coupling used to convert a semi-trailer to a full trailer. A dolly must have either

a) a rigid drawbar associated with an oscillating fifth wheel and a single axle or a tandem axle set, or

b) a tandem axle set with a hinged drawbar with a fixed fifth wheel.

Cornering lamp

means a lamp designed to emit light at the front of the vehicle to supplement a vehicle’s headlamps by illuminating the road ahead in the direction of the turn.

Corrosion damage

is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Coupling

means that part of a vehicle that is specifically designed to enable it to be connected to another vehicle, and does not include a structural member of the towing or towed vehicle.

Cosmetic lamp

means a lamp that is not a headlamp, stop lamp, direction-indicator lamp, position lamp, rear registration plate illumination lamp, reflector, fog lamp, daytime running lamp, cornering lamp, reversing lamp, reflective material, interior lamp, work lamp, flashing or revolving beacon or illuminated vehicle-mounted sign.

Crew

in relaton to a PSV, means the person or group of persons in control or having responsibility for the operation of the vehicle or the well-being of the passengers.

Cross-ply

means a pneumatic tyre structure in which the ply cords in the tyre carcass extend to the beads and are laid at alternate angles, which are substantially less than 90 degrees, to the centreline of the tread. This tyre structure is also referred to as ‘bias ply’ or ‘diagonal ply’.

Cut-off

means that part of a dipped beam that marks a separation between areas of higher and lower luminance.

Daytime running lamp

means a lamp designed to emit a low-intensity light forward of a vehicle to make it more easily seen in the daytime.

Deceleration

means the rate of speed reduction over time.

Dedicated combination