In-service certification (WoF and CoF) - Heavy vehicles

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirements

1. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand before 1 April 1994 does not have a VIN or chassis number (Note 1) (Note 3).

2. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand from 1 April 1994 does not have a VIN number (Note 1) (Note 3).

3. A VIN number is not valid (Note 1) (Note 2).

Condition

4. A VIN or chassis number has been (Note 1) (Note 3):

a) removed, or

b) erased, or

c) altered, or

d) defaced, or

e) obscured, or

f) destroyed, or

g) obliterated, or

h) affixed unlawfully or by unauthorised persons.

Table 1-1-1. Location of New Zealand VIN numbers

If the vehicle is unfamiliar, and the VIN or chassis number cannot be located, the vehicle inspector should contact the manufacturer’s agent or the local VIN issuing agent (VTNZ, VINZ, NZAA, Drivesure, CVC, i4Checkpoint).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002.

Mandatory requirements

1. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand before 1 April 1994 must have a chassis number or VIN.

2. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand from 1 April 1994 must have a VIN.

Condition

3. A VIN or chassis number must not have been removed, erased, altered, defaced, obscured, destroyed, obliterated or affixed unlawfully, or be unauthorised.

Reasons for rejection

1. The number on the registration plate(s) is not the same as stated on the licence label.

2. The licence label does not correctly describe the vehicle

• do not reject the vehicle if the label type is incorrect, eg 'B' or 'A'.

3. The WoF online or LATIS system does not correctly describe the vehicle.

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. The risk of a component (Note 5) hooking a vehicle, or hooking or grazing a person, has not been minimised, eg a bonnet or bumper has been removed, exposing sharp, moving or hot components.

2. An ornamental object or fitting (Note 2) protrudes in such a way that it is likely to injure a person.

3. A protruding object or fitting that has a functional purpose (Note 3) is not installed so that the risk of causing injury to a person is minimised, eg the object or fitting:

a) is of excessively heavy construction for the purpose for which it has been fitted, or

b) has sharp corners, or

c) slopes forward, unless this is necessary to fit the contours of the vehicle, or

d) has an unnecessarily wide gap between the object or fitting and the front of the vehicle, or

e) exceeds the vehicle’s width by more than 100mm on either side, other than side mounted glass sheet transport racks and collapsible side mirrors, or

f) is a glass sheet transport rack that is not fitted with a front flaring to minimise the risk of injury to a person.

4. A protruding component, object or fitting is not securely attached to the vehicle.

5. A protruding object or fitting adversely affects the driver’s vision or control.

Modifications

6. A modification (Note 4) affects an external projection – including a protruding object or fitting that has a functional purpose and affects the driver’s vision or control of the vehicle, and

a) is not excluded from the requirements for specialist certification (Table 2-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid vehicle certification plate (eg low volume vehicle plate or heavy vehicle certification plate/label), or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13 .

Table 2-1-1. Modifications that do not require specialist certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: External Projections 2001.

Permitted equipment

1. A motor vehicle may be fitted with a protruding ornamental or functional object or fitting.

Condition and performance

2. A protruding ornamental object or fitting must not be likely to injure a person.

3. A protruding object or fitting that has a functional purpose must be installed so that the risk of the object or fitting causing injury to a person is minimised.

4. Components of a motor vehicle, including damaged or corroded body panels, must be such that the risk of their hooking a vehicle, or hooking or grazing a person, is minimised.

5. A protruding object or fitting must not adversely affect driver vision or driver control.

Modifications

6. A modification that affects an external projection must be inspected and certified by a specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for specialist certification (Table 2-1-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A rigid vehicle (Note 1) with a GVM of 3501kg or more exceeds the dimension requirements set out in Table 2-2-3 and is not:

a) a specialist overdimension vehicle (Note 2), or

b) a vehicle designed primarily to transport an overdimension load, or

c) a vehicle operating on a valid permit, exemption or approval, or

d) a vehicle presented with a completed 50MAX proforma entry certification and permit application declaration or HPMV proforma entry certification and permit application declaration signed by a heavy vehicle specialist certifier (Note 8) (Figure 2-2-5).

2. A rigid vehicle that exceeds the dimensions set out in Table 2-2-3 is not fitted with the appropriate hazard warning equipment set out in Table 2-2-4.

3. A required beacon cannot be activated and deactivated.

Table 2-2-3. Dimension requirements for heavy rigid vehicles

(see Note 4, Note 5)

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions and Mass 2016.

Mandatory equipment

1. A rigid vehicle, or an articulated bus, with a GVM of 3501kg or more that exceeds the dimensions in Table 2-2-3 must meet the requirements in Table 2‑2‑4.

2. A vehicle may exceed the dimensions in Table 2-2-3 only if it is a vehicle operating on a valid permit, exemption or approval.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. An outrigger fitted to a vehicle does not have a locking device to prevent its inadvertent extension or separation .

2. The A vehicle recovery service hook truck or stinger-lift truck does not have its manufacturer’s stated lifting capacity clearly displayed, in kilograms, at the rear of the vehicle in letters and figures not less than 30mm high, rounded to the nearest 50kg

Condition and performance

3. A vehicle of class NB or class NC that is fitted with a swivelling (or knuckle boom) crane for loading the vehicle or a trailer towed by the vehicle does not have either:

a) a locking device fitted to each outrigger that is able to be seen in a locked position when an outrigger is retracted, or

b) a visual or audible alarm to warn the driver if an outrigger is not in the fully retracted position (Note 2).

4. An outrigger locking device is bent, worn or otherwise damaged or deteriorated so that it is not effective.

5. An outrigger locking device does not lock the outrigger in its retracted position.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. An outrigger fitted to a vehicle must have a locking device to prevent its inadvertent extension or separation.

2. The manufacturer’s stated lifting capacity of a hook truck or stinger-lift truck must be clearly displayed, in kilograms, at the rear of the vehicle in letters and figures not less than 30 mm high, rounded to the nearest 50kg.

Condition and performance

3. A vehicle of class NB or class NC that is fitted with a swivelling (or knuckle boom) crane for loading the vehicle or a trailer towed by the vehicle must be:

a) fitted with a locking device to each outrigger that is able to be seen in a locked position when an outrigger is retracted, or

b) equipped with a visual or audible alarm to warn the driver if an outrigger is not in the fully retracted position.

4. An alarm must be visible or audible from the driver’s seating position, and the alarm must operate when the vehicle’s engine is running, except when the parking brake is fully applied or when the gear selector of a vehicle with an automatic transmission is in the ‘park’ position.

5. An outrigger locking device must be effective.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A sliding chassis is not fitted with both:

a) a locking device to prevent inadvertent extension or separation, and

b) end stops at the end of the slideway to prevent separation of the sliding parts if the primary locking device fails.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. The chassis (Note 1), body or other load-bearing structure of a vehicle, including a cab or a monocoque construction body, has damage so that the vehicle is no longer of adequate strength for all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed, such as:

a) deformation from original shape that has affected the vehicle’s structural integrity (Note 6) (Figure 3-1-4), or

b) cracking, or

c) significant corrosion or delamination, or

d) significant rust heave that exceeds the limits in (Figure 3-1-3), or

e) poor repairs that have not returned the structure to within safe tolerance of when it was manufactured, eg:

i. filler has been used to conceal corrosion damage or deformation of a component

ii. a high-strength steel component has been heated

iii. a component has been strengthened.

f) loose, broken or missing fasteners or rivets, or

g) damage that affects the integrity, operation or mounting of the following components:

i. steering and suspension system, or

ii. load anchorages

iii. seat or seatbelt anchorages, or

iv. brake system, or

v. mandatory lighting equipment, or

vi. towing connections, or

vii. transmission, or

viii. cab or vehicle body.

4. A body-to-chassis attachment, such as a weld, fastener, hinge, body guide or locking device, is:

a) missing, or

b) loose, or

c) broken, or

d) cracked, or

e) otherwise in poor condition.

5. A tipping body hinge, body guide or locking device has deteriorated so that it is not effective in securing the body to the chassis.

6. The locking of a sliding chassis locking device is either:

a) not readily verifiable by visual inspection, or

b) the vehicle is not equipped with a visible or audible alarm to warn the driver if the chassis is not locked in one of the locking positions (Note 5).

7. A sliding chassis locking device has wear or damage, such as a worn or bent pin, so that it is not effective.

8. A sliding chassis locking device does not operate correctly.

9. A sliding chassis end stop is:

a) missing, or

b) insecure, or

c) damaged.

10. A bin securing device does not operate correctly.

11. A vehicle which uses a wooden or wood laminate floor as a structural component of the chassis has:

a) deformation from original shape that has affected the vehicle’s structural integrity (Note 6) (Figure 3-1-4), or

b) significant cracking of the body structure or mounting points, or

c) significant corrosion of steel elements, delamination, or wood rotting or

d) significant rust heave in steel elements that exceeds the limits in (Figure 3-1-3), or

e) poor repairs that have not returned the structure to within safe tolerance of when it was manufactured, for example:

i. filler has been used to conceal any damage or deformation of a component

ii. a high-strength steel component has been heated

iii. a component has been strengthened.

Modification and repair

12. A modification or repair affects the vehicle structure and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 3-1-2), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from a HVS certifier of category HVEC, or HMCD has been presented.

Table 3-1-2. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. A sliding chassis must be fitted with:

a) a locking device to prevent inadvertent extension or separation, and

b) endstops at the end of the slideway to prevent separation of the sliding parts if the primary locking device fails.

2. The body of a vehicle such as a tank body for transporting bulk liquid, a tipping body for transporting sand, grain or other bulk goods, or other types of body that are constructed to contain the transported goods without the use of lashings, chains or other devices, must be specifically designed to contain that type and size of load.

Condition and performance

3. The following must be of adequate strength for all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed:

a) the chassis and body of the vehicle

b) the body of a vehicle of monocoque construction

c) any other load-bearing structure.

4. The locking of a sliding chassis locking device must be readily verifiable by visual inspection or the vehicle must be equipped with a visual or audible alarm to warn the driver if the chassis is not in one of the locking positions.

5. An alarm must be visible or audible from the driver’s seating position, and the alarm must operate when the vehicle’s engine is running, except when the parking brake is fully applied or when the gear selector of a vehicle with an automatic transmission is in the ‘park’ position.

6. A sliding chassis locking device must be effective.

7. If a sliding chassis locking device incorporates a system that provides energy for its operation, the device must remain fully engaged in the locked position, or the locking action must be initiated immediately, if the energising system fails.

8. Load-securing equipment that is fitted to a vehicle must be constructed to ensure that the load can be securely contained on the vehicle under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

9. A modification or repair that affects the vehicle structure must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 3-1-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE is not fitted with one pair of dipped-beam headlamps.

2. A vehicle other than class LE is fitted with more than:

a) one pair of dipped-beam headlamps (Note 10) , or

b) two pairs of dipped-beam headlamps if the vehicle was first registered anywhere between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 1980, or

c) two pairs of main-beam headlamps.

3. A vehicle other than class LE is fitted with a headlamp that is not in a pair.

4. A vehicle of class LE is not fitted with one dipped-beam headlamp.

5. A vehicle of class LE is fitted with more than:

a) two dipped-beam headlamps, or

b) two main-beam headlamps.

6. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard headlamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

7. A device that allows the headlamps to flash alternately is fitted to a vehicle that is not an emergency vehicle or a pilot vehicle.

8. A vehicle is fitted with a dipped-beam headlamp where the maximum intensity of the beam is projected to the right.

Condition

(see Note 5)

9. A lamp is insecure, obscured, or contains dirt or moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

10. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

11. A lens or reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

12. A main-beam headlamp warning device is obscured from the driver’s vision.

Performance

13. When switched on, a headlamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber, or

b) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

c) not steady, or

d) not bright enough to illuminate the road ahead, eg due to modification, deterioration or an incorrect light source, or

e) too bright, eg due to the fitment of an HID or LED conversion kit (Note 8) or other incorrect light source (see also reason for rejection 19 below).

14. When the dipped-beam headlamps are switched on (with wheels pointing straight ahead):

a) a lamp does not operate, or

b) more than two lamps operate on dipped beam, or

c) more than four lamps operate on dipped beam on a vehicle first registered anywhere between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 1980, or

d) the light beam produces an incorrect beam pattern, is not focused, or is reduced or altered, or

e) the centreline of the light beam is too far to the left or slopes down too far so that the headlamp is no longer capable of illuminating the road at least 50m ahead (Figure 4-1-2), or

f) the centreline of the light beam projects to the right of the vehicle’s centreline, or projects from the lamp at an angle other than:

i. as specified by the vehicle or lamp manufacturer, or

ii. as specified in Table 4-1-1.

15. When the main-beam headlamps are switched on (with wheels pointing straight ahead):

a) a lamp does not operate, or

b) more than two lamps operate on main beam on a class LE vehicle, or

c) more than four lamps operate on main beam on a vehicle of group M or N, or

d) a vehicle first registered anywhere between 1 February 1977 and 31 March 1980 has a second pair of dipped-beam headlamps that continue to operate, or

e) the centreline of the light beam projects to the right of the vehicle’s centreline or up from the horizontal, or

f) the light beam produces an incorrect beam pattern, is not focused or is reduced or altered, or

g) the lamps are not capable of being switched to dipped beam or turned off from the driver’s seating position, or

h) a main-beam headlamp warning device, if fitted as original equipment, does not indicate to the driver that the main-beam headlamps are switched on.

16. A device fitted to a vehicle that allows the headlamps to flash alternately:

a) does not indicate to the driver that the device is activated, or

b) flashes:

i. faster than two flashes per second, or

ii. slower than one flash per second, or

iii. at a varying frequency.

17. Where a headlamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs) fewer than 75% of these operate.

Modifications

18. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

19. A headlamp is retrofitted with a type of light source other than that specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the headlamp manufacturer (eg a headlamp designed for a halogen bulb is fitted with any other type of light source such as an HID or LED bulb, or any other light source such as LED strips or non-OEM angel eyes) (Note 8).

20. Retrofitted headlamps are not fitted:

a) as a pair, or

b) symmetrically, or

c) as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

21. A retrofitted dipped-beam headlamp on a vehicle with a GVM of 12,000 kg or less is positioned at a height exceeding 1.2m from the ground (Note 9).

Table 4-1-1. Allowable dipped-beam headlamp alignment

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004
• New Zealand Gazette, 28 August 1980, issue 103, page 2569.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than of class LE:

a) must be fitted with one pair of dipped-beam headlamps, and

b) may be fitted with one or two pairs of main-beam headlamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE:

a) must be fitted with one or two dipped-beam headlamps, and

b) may be fitted with one or two main-beam headlamps.

3. A vehicle first registered anywhere between 1 February 1977 and 31 March 1980 may be fitted with a second pair of dipped-beam headlamps that:

a) do not operate when the main-beam headlamps are switched on, and

b) may operate independently of the first pair of dipped-beam headlamps.

4. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

5. A vehicle required to meet an approved safety standard for lighting must continue to meet an approved safety standard for lighting.

6. A retrofitted dipped-beam headlamp on a vehicle with a GVM of 12,000 kg or less must be fitted at a height not exceeding 1.2 m from the ground (Note 9).

7. A warning device may be fitted that indicates that the main-beam headlamps are switched on.

8. An emergency vehicle or a pilot vehicle may be fitted with a device that allows the headlamps to flash alternately, provided it is also fitted with equipment that indicates to the driver that the device is activated.

9. A retrofitted pair of headlamps must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Prohibited equipment

10. A dipped-beam headlamp designed solely for a left-hand drive vehicle, where the maximum intensity of the beam is dispersed to the right, must not be fitted.

Condition (Note 5)

11. A headlamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured.

Performance

12. A headlamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

13. A headlamp must emit a steady light.

14. A headlamp must provide sufficient illumination and light output to illuminate the road ahead.

15. If fitted with a device that allows headlamps to flash alternately, the lamps must flash at a fixed frequency.

16. A pair of headlamps must emit light that is approximately of equal colour and intensity when switched on.

17. A headlamp must emit a beam that is substantially white or amber.

18. A main-beam headlamp must be capable of being dipped or turned off from the driver’s position.

19. A warning device that indicates that the main-beam lamps are in operation must be in good working order.

20. When the headlamps are switched on and the vehicle’s front wheels are pointing in the straight-ahead position:

a) the centre of a headlamp beam must be either parallel to or to the left of the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle, and

b) the centre of a main-beam headlamp beam must be either parallel to or dipping down from the horizontal, and

c) the centre of a dipped-beam headlamp beam must dip at an angle specified by the vehicle or lamp manufacturer, or:

i. 3–3.5% for a symmetric beam pattern, or

ii. 1–1.5% for an asymmetric beam pattern where the centre of the light source is less than 0.8 m from the ground, or

iii. 1–2% for an asymmetric beam pattern where the centre of the light source is 0.8–1.2 m from the ground, or

iv. 2–2.5% for an asymmetric beam pattern where the centre of the light source is above 1.2 m from the ground.

21. The dipped-beam headlamps must illuminate the road ahead for 50 m in normal darkness.

22. Where a headlamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

23. A device fitted to a vehicle that allows the headlamps to flash must:

a) make the headlamps flash alternately at a frequency of 1–2 Hertz, and

b) incorporate equipment that indicates to the driver that the device is activated.

24. A headlamp must be fitted with a light source that is specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the headlamp manufacturer.

Modifications (Note 4)

25. A headlamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A group M or N vehicle is fitted with:

a) only one front fog lamp, or

b) more than one pair of front fog lamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE is fitted with more than two front fog lamps.

3. A vehicle is fitted with more than two rear fog lamps.

4. A retrofitted pair of fog lamps is not fitted:

a) symmetrically, or

b) as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable, or

c) positioned higher than the dipped-beam headlamps.

Condition

(see Note 3)

5. A lamp is insecure or contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles .

6. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

7. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

8. A fog lamp warning device, if fitted, is obscured from the driver’s vision.

Performance

9. When switched on, a front fog lamp does not operate (Note 5).

10. When switched on, a front fog lamp emits light that:

a) is not projected to the front, or

b) produces an incorrect beam pattern (Figure 4-2-1), or

c) is not substantially white or amber to the front, or

d) is not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in the pair, or

e) is not steady, or

f) is not bright enough to illuminate the road ahead in conditions of severely reduced visibility, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source, or

g) is too bright, and could dazzle other road users, eg due to the fitment of an HID or LED conversion kit (Note 6) or other incorrect light source, or

h) is altered, eg due to damage or modification, or

i) has a beam centre to the right of the vehicle’s centreline, or

j) has a beam that is not permanently dipped, or

k) has a beam centre that dips at an angle of less than 3% (Figure 4-2-1).

11. When switched on, a rear fog lamp emits light that is:

a) not projected to the rear, or

b) not diffuse, or

c) not substantially red, or

d) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

e) of variable intensity, or

f) not bright enough to indicate the presence of the vehicle from the rear in conditions of severely reduced visibility, eg due to modification, deterioration or an incorrect light source, or

g) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

12. A fog lamp cannot be switched off from the driver’s seating position.

13. Where a fog lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

14. A fog lamp warning device, if fitted, does not operate.

Figure 4-2-1. Front fog lamp characteristics

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE: one pair of front fog lamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE: one or two front fog lamps.

3. One or two rear fog lamps.

4. A retrofitted pair of fog lamps must be symmetrically mounted as far as is practicable towards each side of the vehicle.

5. A retrofitted front fog lamp must not be positioned higher than the dipped-beam headlamps.

6. A vehicle may be fitted with a warning device that indicates that a front or rear fog lamp is in operation.

Condition

7. A front fog lamp must be in sound condition.

8. A rear fog lamp must be in sound condition if it emits a light.

Performance

9. A fog lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

10. A fog lamp must emit a steady light.

11. A front fog lamp must provide sufficient light output to illuminate the road ahead in conditions of severely reduced visibility.

12. A rear fog lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate the presence of the vehicle on the road in conditions of severely reduced visibility.

13. The light emitted from a front fog lamp must be substantially white or amber.

14. The light emitted from a rear fog lamp must be diffuse and substantially red in colour.

15. A pair of fog lamps must emit light that is approximately equal in colour and intensity.

16. The centre of a front fog lamp beam must be parallel to or to the left of the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle.

17. The centre of a front fog lamp beam must be permanently dipped at an angle of at least 3%.

18. A fog lamp must be able to be turned off from the driver’s seating position.

19. A front or rear fog lamp warning device must be in good working order.

20. Where a fog lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

22. A fog lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle is fitted with:

a) only one lamp, or

b) more than one pair of lamps, or

c) a lamp that either:

i. was not originally fitted by the vehicle manufacturer, or

ii. is not fitted in the original position.

Condition

2. A lamp is insecure.

3. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

4. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

5. When activated by switching on the direction indicator lamp or by turning the steering wheel, a cornering lamp:

a) does not operate, or

b) does not project in the direction of the turn.

6. A cornering lamp emits light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber, or

b) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in the pair, or

c) not steady, or

d) not bright enough to illuminate the road ahead in the direction of the turn, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or or an incorrect light source, or

e) too bright causing dazzle to other road users, eg due to an incorrect light source or misalignment, or

f) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

7. Where a cornering lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. One pair of cornering lamps fitted as OE.

Condition

2. A cornering lamp must be in sound condition.

Performance

3. A cornering lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

4. A cornering lamp must emit light that is substantially white or amber.

5. A pair of cornering lamps must emit light that is approximately equal in colour and intensity.

6. A cornering lamp must emit a steady light.

7. A cornering lamp must provide sufficient light output to illuminate the road ahead in the direction of the turn.

8. A cornering lamp must be correctly aligned.

9. Where a cornering lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

10. A cornering lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE is fitted with:

a) only one lamp, or

b) more than one pair of lamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE is fitted with more than two lamps.

3. A lamp is fitted in a position other than at the front of the vehicle.

4. A retrofitted lamp is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

5. A lamp is insecure.

6. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

7. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

8. When switched on, a daytime running lamp does not operate (Note 4).

9. When switched on, a daytime running lamp emits light that is:

a) projected in a direction other than to the front, or

b) not substantially white or amber, or

c) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in the pair, or

d) not steady, or

e) not bright enough to make the vehicle more easily seen during the daytime, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or or an incorrect light source, or

f) too bright, causing significant dazzle to other road users, eg due to an incorrect light source, or

g) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

10. Where a daytime running lamp comprises an array of light sources, fewer than 75% of these operate.

11. A daytime running lamp continues to operate when the headlamps or fog lamps are switched on.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE may have: one pair of daytime running lamps fitted to the front of the vehicle.

2. A vehicle of class LE may have one or two daytime running lamps fitted to the front of the vehicle.

3. A retrofitted lamp must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

4. A daytime running lamp must be in sound condition.

Performance

5. A daytime running lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

6. A daytime running lamp must emit light that is substantially white or amber.

7. A pair of daytime running lamps must emit light that is of approximately equal colour and intensity.

8. A daytime running lamp must emit a steady light.

9. A daytime running lamp must provide sufficient light output to make the vehicle more easily seen during the daytime.

10. A daytime running lamp must be correctly aligned.

11. A daytime running lamp must not operate when a front fog lamp or a headlamp is in use.

12. Where a daytime running lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

13. A daytime running lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A heavy vehicle of class MD3, MD4, ME, NB, or NC first registered on or after 1 January 1978 that exceeds 9.2m in length:

a) is not fitted with one side-facing direction indicator lamp on each side, at or near the front of the vehicle, or

b) is fitted with more than two side-facing direction indicator lamps on either side.

3. A retrofitted side-facing direction indicator lamp is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle).

4. A heavy vehicle is fitted at the rear with:

a) only one top-mounted lamp, or

b) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

c) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted symmetrically as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

5. A pair of forward-facing or rearward-facing direction indicator lamps (other than top-mounted lamps):

a) in the case of a vehicle with one pair, is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practical due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle), or

b) in the case of a vehicle with two pairs:

i. the lower pair is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practical due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle), or

ii. the other pair is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 2.1m.

6. A heavy vehicle is fitted with top-mounted lamps at the front of the vehicle.

Condition

7. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

8. Refer to general vehicle pages.

9. A mandatory side-facing direction indicator lamp is not visible from the side of the vehicle (Figure 4-5-2):

a) through an angle of 60° above and below a horizontal plane passing through the lamp, or

b) at least between an angle of 30° and 80° rearward of a vertical plane that is at right angles to the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle and passing through the lamp.

Figure 4-5-2. Required angles for side-facing direction indicator lamps

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A heavy vehicle of class MD3, MD4, ME, NB, or NC first registered on or after 1 January 1978 that exceeds 9.2m in length must be fitted with one or two side-facing direction indicator lamps on each side, at or near the front of the vehicle.

3. A retrofitted side-facing direction indicator lamp must be mounted at a height not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m.

4. A heavy vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of direction indicator lamps at the rear of the vehicle that must be symmetrically mounted as near the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

5. Forward-facing or rearward-facing direction indicator lamps (excluding top-mounted lamps) may be mounted as follows:

a) one pair at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m, and

b) a second pair at a height from the ground not exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

6. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

7. Refer to general vehicle pages.

8. A mandatory side-facing direction indicator must be visible from the side of the vehicle:

a) through an angle of 60° above and below the horizontal plane passing through the lamp, and

b) at least between an angle of 30° and 80° rearward of a vertical plane that is at right angles to the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle and passing through the lamp.

Modifications

9. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A heavy vehicle is fitted at the front with:

a) only one top-mounted lamp, or

b) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

c) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A heavy vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of forward-facing position lamps that must be symmetrically mounted as near the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

Condition

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modifications

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A heavy vehicle is fitted at the rear with:

a) only one top-mounted lamp, or

b) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

c) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

3. A rearward-facing position lamp (other than top-mounted lamps):

a) in the case of a vehicle with one or one pair, is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle), or

b) in the case of a vehicle with two pairs:

i. the lower pair is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle), or

ii. the other pair is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A heavy vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of rearward-facing position lamps that must be symmetrically mounted as near the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

2. Rearward-facing position lamps (excluding top-mounted lamps) may be mounted as follows:

a) one lamp or one pair at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m, and

b) a second pair at a height from the ground not exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modifications

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A side-marker lamp is not positioned so that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions.

Condition

2. A lamp is insecure.

3. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

4. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

5. When switched on, a side-marker lamp emits a light that:

a) is not substantially white or amber to the front (for a vehicle manufactured before January 2006), or

b) is not substantially amber to the front (for a vehicle manufactured on or after January 2006), or

c) is not substantially red or amber to the rear, or

d) is not diffuse, or

e) is not approximately of the same colour and intensity on each side of the vehicle, or

f) does not remain steadily illuminated, or

g) is not bright enough to produce light that is visible from 100m in normal daylight and from 200m in normal darkness, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source.

6. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Modifications

7. A side-marker lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Figure 4-8-1. Visibility angles for side-marker lamps

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A heavy vehicle may be fitted with one or more side-marker lamps.

2. A side-marker lamp must be positioned so that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions.

Condition

3. A side-marker lamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured (if a mandatory lamp).

Performance

4. A side-marker lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

5. A lamp must emit a light that is:

a) diffuse, and

b) substantially white or amber to the front (for a vehicle manufactured before January 2006), or

c) substantially amber to the front (for a vehicle manufactured on or after January 2006), or

d) substantially red or amber to the rear.

6. A lamp must emit a steady light.

7. A side-marker lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate to other road users the presence and dimensions of the vehicle.

8. A side-marker lamp must emit a light that is visible from a distance of 100m in daylight and 200m during the hours of darkness.

9. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

10. A side-marker lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory, permitted and prohibited equipment

1. A vehicle listed in Table 4-9-1:

a) is not fitted with the lamps required in Table 4-9-1, or

b) is fitted with lamps that exceed the numbers permitted in Table 4-9-1.

2. A vehicle not listed in Table 4-9-1 is fitted with end-outline marker lamps.

3. An end-outline marker lamp is not positioned so that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions, that is lamps, other than cab roof lamps, are fitted other than around the outline of the vehicle (Note 2).

Condition

4. A lamp is insecure or, if a mandatory lamp, obscured.

5. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

6. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

7. When switched on, a mandatory or a forward-facing end-outline marker lamp does not operate (Note 3).

8. When switched on, an end-outline marker lamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber to the front, or

b) not substantially red to the rear, or

c) not diffuse, or

d) not projected to the front or rear, or

e) not approximately of the same colour or intensity as the other lamp if fitted in a pair, or

f) not steady, or

g) not bright enough to indicate the presence and dimensions of the vehicle to other road users.

9. A mandatory cab roof lamp is not bright enough to produce light that is visible from 100m in normal daylight and from 200m in normal darkness, eg due to modification, deterioration or an incorrect light source.

10. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Table 4-9-1. Fitting requirements for end-outline marker lamps

¹ Vehicles in Table 4-9-2 are not required to be fitted with mandatory lamps.

² Maximum permitted lamps are the maximum number of lamps allowed to be fitted, including mandatory lamps.

³ A vehicle manufactured before 1/4/2011 also has the option of complying with the requirements applicable to vehicles manufactured from 1/4/2011.

⁴ Mandatory lamps must be positioned at a height no lower than the top edge of the windscreen.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004
• New Zealand Gazette, 12 May 1983, No. 63, page 1500
• New Zealand Gazette, 7 July 1977, No. 73, page 1893.

Mandatory, permitted and prohibited equipment

1. A vehicle listed in Table 4-9-1 must or may be fitted with end-outline marker lamps as specified in the table.

2. A vehicle not listed in Table 4-9-1 must not be fitted with end-outline marker lamps.

3. An end-outline marker lamp must be positioned so that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions.

Condition

4. An end-outline marker lamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured (if a mandatory lamp).

Performance

5. An end-outline marker lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

6. A lamp must emit a light that is:

a) diffuse, and

b) substantially white or amber to the front, and

c) substantially red to the rear.

7. A lamp must emit a steady light.

8. An end-outline marker lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate to other road users the presence and dimensions of the vehicle.

9. A mandatory cab roof lamp must emit a light that is visible from a distance of 100m in daylight and 200m during the hours of darkness.

10. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

11. An end-outline marker lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A heavy vehicle is fitted at the rear with:

a) only one top-mounted lamp, or

b) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

c) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

3. A stop lamp (other than top-mounted lamps):

a) in the case of a vehicle with one or one pair, is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle), or

b) in the case of a vehicle with two pairs:

i. the lower pair is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle), or

ii. the other pair is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A heavy vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of stop lamps that must be symmetrically mounted as near the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

2. Stop lamps (excluding top-mounted lamps) may be mounted as follows:

a) one lamp or one pair at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m, and

b) a second pair at a height from the ground not exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modifications

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A class MA vehicle first registered or manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 is not fitted with one high-mounted stop lamp.

2. A vehicle is fitted with more than two high-mounted stop lamps.

3. A lamp is not fitted in a central high-mounted position.

4. A lamp fitted to a group M or N vehicle, except one that does not have a rear window, or that does not have a rear window visible from the rear, has an illuminated surface that is lower than 150mm below the bottom edge of the rear window.

5. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard stop lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

Condition

6. A lamp is insecure.

7. A mandatory lamp (Note 2) is obscured, or contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

8. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

9. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

10. When the service brake is activated:

a) a mandatory (Note 2) lamp does not operate, or

b) a lamp does not remain steadily illuminated.

11. A lamp operates when the service brake is not activated.

12. A lamp emits a light that is not:

a) substantially red, or

b) diffuse, or

c) projected to the rear, or

d) bright enough to be visible from 100m in normal daylight, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source

13. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A class MA vehicle first registered or manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 must be fitted with one or two high-mounted stop lamps.

2. Any other vehicle may be fitted with one or two high-mounted stop lamps.

3. A lamp on a group M or N vehicle must be fitted in a central high-mounted position at the rear of the vehicle.

4. No part of a lamp’s illuminated surface must be lower than 150mm below the bottom edge of the rear window, except where there is no rear window fitted or visible from behind the vehicle.

5. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

Condition

6. A high-mounted stop lamp must be in good condition.

7. At least one high-mounted stop lamp must not be obscured.

Performance

8. A high-mounted stop lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

9. The light emitted from a high-mounted stop lamp must be diffuse light that is substantially red.

10. A high-mounted stop lamp must emit a steady light.

11. At least one unobscured lamp must operate when the vehicle’s service brakes are activated.

12. Where a high-mounted stop lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

13. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

14. A high-mounted stop lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle is not fitted with at least one rear-registration-plate illumination lamp.

2. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard rear-registration-plate illumination lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

Condition

3. A lamp is insecure.

4. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

5. A reflector, or lens, is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

6. The lamp emits a light that is not:

a) substantially white, or

b) steady, or

c) diffuse.

7. The lamp does not illuminate the registration plate (eg either the lamp or plate have been moved, or the lamps orientation has been changed).

8. The light source of a lamp is visible from the rear of the vehicle.

9. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. At least one rear-registration-plate illumination lamp.

2. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

Performance

3. A rear-registration-plate illumination lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

4. A lamp must emit a diffuse light that is substantially white.

5. A rear-registration-plate illumination lamp must emit a steady light.

6. The light source of the lamp must not be visible from the rear of the vehicle.

7. A lamp must illuminate the figures and letters of the plate so that they are visible from 20m during normal darkness.

8. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

9. A rear-registration-plate illumination lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A rearward-facing reflector fitted to a class NB or NC vehicle either:

a) does not have an area of at least 30cm² or is not fitted as a pair within 150mm on the right and left extremities of the vehicle, or

b) does not comply with an approved standard for retroreflectors and is fitted in accordance with the requirements of an approved standard for lighting equipment installation.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

4. A rearward-facing reflector on a vehicle reflects white light shining on it as anything other than red light (this does not apply to reflective material such as conspicuity/reflective tape).

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A rearward-facing reflector fitted to a class NB or NC vehicle must have an area of at least 30 cm² and be fitted within 150mm on the right and left extremities of the vehicle.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

(see Note 2)

1. A vehicle is fitted with more than two reversing lamps at the rear of the vehicle.

2. A retrofitted pair of reversing lamps is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

(see Note 2)

3. A lamp is insecure.

4. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

5. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

(see Note 2)

6. A lamp controlled by gear engagement continues to display a light to the rear when the reverse gear is disengaged.

7. A lamp controlled by a manual switch continues to display a light to the rear while the headlamps are switched on.

8. When engaged, a lamp emits light that is not:

a) substantially white (Note 3), or

b) steady, or

c) diffuse or a dipped beam.

9. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. One or two reversing lamps fitted at the rear of the vehicle.

2. A retrofitted pair of reversing lamps must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

3. A reversing lamp must be in good condition.

Performance

4. A reversing lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

5. A reversing lamp, when operated, must emit a diffuse light or a dipped beam of light that is substantially white (Note 3).

6. A reversing lamp must emit a steady light.

7. A reversing lamp may operate only when the reverse gear is engaged or the headlamps are turned off.

8. Where a reversing lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

9. A reversing lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A cosmetic lamp (ie one not listed in Table 4-15-1) that is fitted to a vehicle:

a) has a part of its light-emitting surface positioned within 250mm of any mandatory lamp, or

b) is not mounted in a fixed position, or

c) is positioned so that its light-emitting surface is visible within the shaded areas in Figure 4-15-1.

2. A work lamp that is fitted to a vehicle is wired in such a way that the switch or circuit for any mandatory or optional lamp controls it.

3. Retroreflective material fitted within 150mm of a required lamp or retroreflector on a heavy motor vehicle:

a) does not comply with an approved vehicle standard for retroreflective material, or

b) is not fitted in accordance with any other enactment relating to retroreflective material on vehicles.

• Note: does not apply to retroreflective material fitted to a heavy motor vehicle that is an emergency vehicle manufactured before 1 January 2006 and that was registered before 1 June 2019.

Performance

4. When switched on, a cosmetic lamp with a light-emitting surface not visible within the shaded areas in Figure 4-15-1 emits a light that:

a) is not diffuse, or

b) flashes or otherwise varies in intensity or colour, or

c) revolves, rotates or otherwise moves, or

d) is too bright and likely to dazzle other road users, or

e) is likely to cause confusion about the orientation of the vehicle, or

f) is red when seen directly from the front, or

g) is not red or amber when seen directly from the rear.

5. A forward-facing reflector on a vehicle reflects white light shining on it as anything other than white or amber light.

6. A side-facing reflector on a vehicle reflects white light shining on it as anything other than white or amber light.

Table 4-15-1. Lamps that are not cosmetic lamps

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Lighting 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle may be fitted with one or more lamps not specified in Table 4-15-1, provided they are fitted so that light sources are not visible in those regions specified in Figure 4-15-1.

2. A cosmetic lamp must be fitted in a fixed position on the vehicle and positioned so that no part of the light source is situated within 250mm of a mandatory lamp.

3. A work lamp that is fitted to a vehicle is wired in such a way that the switch or circuit for any mandatory or optional lamp controls it.

Performance

3. A cosmetic lamp must:

a) only emit light that is diffuse, and

b) not emit light that flashes or otherwise varies in intensity or colour, and

c) be fitted in a way, and be of a luminance that ensures, that it does not dazzle, confuse or distract other road users, and

d) not emit a light that revolves, rotates or otherwise moves, and

e) not cause confusion as to the orientation of the vehicle, and

f) not emit a red light that is directly visible from the front of the vehicle, and

g) not emit a light other than red or amber if the light is directly visible from the rear of the vehicle.

6. A forward-facing reflector on a vehicle must reflect white light shining on it as white or amber light.

7. A side-facing reflector on a vehicle must reflect white light shining on it as white or amber light.

Identifying heavy vehicle lights – front of vehicle

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A glazing marking required in Table 5-1-8 or Table 5-1-9 is missing, except for:

a) hard plastic glazing behind the driver’s seat in a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1991, or

b) markings on any isolation shield (see general vehicles Table 5-1-6) (Note 3).

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages (Note 1).

4. A wire-mesh windscreen stoneguard (Figure 5-1-7):

a) top edge is both above the top of the steering wheel in its highest adjusted position and above 225mm measured from the bottom edge of the windscreen, or

b) has a mesh size smaller than 12mm (Note 2), or

c) makes it difficult to access the windscreen for cleaning.

Performance

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification

Permitted modifications

6. Refer to general vehicle pages.

7. OE glazing that affects the structural integrity of the vehicle has been permanently removed and:

a) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

Windscreen repair

8. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Table 5-1-8. Required markings for windscreens on heavy vehicles

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Glazing, Windscreen Wipe and Wash, and Mirrors 1999
• Land Transport Rule: External Projections 2001.

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A glazing marking required in Table 5-1-8 or Table 5-1-9 is missing, unless it is hard plastic glazing behind the driver’s seat in a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1991.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification

5. The permanent removal of OE glazing that affects the structural integrity of the vehicle requires certification by an HVS certifier.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A sun visor for the driver’s use is not fitted to a vehicle (other than of class LE) which can practicably be fitted with a sun visor (Note 1).

Condition

2. A sun visor:

a) is insecurely mounted, or

b) for the driver, cannot be adjusted from the normal driving position, or

c) cannot maintain its adjusted position, or

d) has been modified or has deteriorated, and the likelihood of injury to vehicle occupants has not been minimised.

Performance

3. A driver’s sun visor does not effectively aid the driver’s vision by intercepting the glare from the sun.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004
• Land Transport Rule: Interior Impact 2002.

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle other than of class LE must be fitted with a sun visor for the driver’s use if it is reasonable and practicable to do so (Note 1).

Permitted equipment

2. A vehicle of class LE may be fitted with a sun visor.

3. Additional sun visors may be fitted in other positions.

Condition

4. The condition of a sun visor must be such that the likelihood of injury to occupants is minimised.

Performance

5. A driver’s sun visor must be effective.

Modification

6. A sun visor that is not OE or that has been affected by a modification (Note 1):

a) must meet the requirements for equipment, condition and performance, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle that has a windscreen is not fitted with a windscreen wipe system.

2. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 1992 is not fitted with a windscreen wash system.

3. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 1960 is fitted with wipers that are not power driven.

Condition

Windscreen wipe system

4. The wiper operating device is missing.

5. A wiper arm or wiper blade is:

a) missing, or

b) insecure, or

c) damaged so as to affect the performance of the wipers.

6. The wiper operating mechanism is:

a) missing, or

b) insecure, or

c) damaged so as to affect the performance of the wipers.

Windscreen wash system

7. A wash system component is missing or insecure.

8. The wash operating device is missing.

Performance

Windscreen wipe system

9. A windscreen wiper does not wipe the windscreen effectively, preventing adequate forward vision by the driver.

10. The wipe operating device is unable to activate the wipe system.

Windscreen wash system

11. A windscreen wash nozzle does not discharge washer liquid directly onto the windscreen.

12. The wash operating device is unable to activate the wash system.

Modifications

13. A modification affects a windscreen wipe system, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for specialist certification (Table 5-3-1), and

b) is missing proof of specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card.

Table 5-3-1. Modifications that do not require specialist certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Glazing, Windscreen Wipe and Wash, and Mirrors 1999.

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1992 that is fitted with a windscreen must have a windscreen wipe system.

2. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 1992 that is fitted with a windscreen must have a windscreen wipe and wash system.

3. Windscreen wipers must be power driven, unless they follow OE specifications in a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1960.

Permitted equipment

4. A vehicle may be fitted with a wash system when this is not required.

Condition

5. A vehicle’s windscreen wipe system must be efficient and within the vehicle manufacturer’s operating limits.

Performance

6. The equipment fitted must be capable of keeping an adequate area of the windscreen clean and clear so that the vehicle may be operated safely under all reasonably foreseeable conditions.

Modifications

7. An OE windscreen washing system may be removed from a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1992.

8. A modification to the windscreen wipe system must be inspected and certified by an specialist certifier unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for specialist certification (Table 5-3-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition, and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A class MD3, MD4, ME, NB or NC vehicle is not fitted with:

a) an outside left-hand rear view mirror, or

b) an outside right-hand rear view mirror.

2. An unclassified vehicle is not fitted with at least one rear view mirror.

Permitted equipment

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Windscreen Wipe and Wash, and Mirrors 1999.

Mandatory equipment

1. A class MD3, MD4, ME, NB and NC vehicle must be fitted with an outside left-hand and an outside right-hand rear-view mirror.

2. An unclassified heavy vehicle must be fitted with at least one rear-view mirror.

Permitted equipment

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification and repair

6. A rear-view mirror that is affected by a modification or repair:

a) must meet the requirements for equipment, condition and performance, and

b) does not require HVS certification.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle fitted with doors used by the driver or passengers for entrance and exit of the motor vehicle does not have a door retention system.

2. A vehicle for transporting prisoners which does not have doors in the prison compartment that can be opened from the inside, has no alternative exit that can be operated by an authorised person in an emergency.

Equipment condition

3. A hinge for a door or other hinged panel is not securely attached to both the vehicle body and to the door or other hinged panel due to loose connections, corrosion or other damage (Note 1).

4. A latch, catch, striker or any other part of a door or hinged panel retention system is not securely attached, or is in poor condition, due to a loose connection, corrosion or other damage (Note 1).

5. A door used for entrance and exit of the driver or passengers cannot be opened from the inside, unless the vehicle is designed or adapted to transport prisoners and the door is inoperable from the inside of the prison compartment.

6. A child safety lock or similar safety device cannot be deactivated.

7. There is corrosion damage within 150 mm of the hinge of a door or other hinged panel (see Figure 6-1-1).

8. There is corrosion damage within 150 mm of the latch of a door or other hinged panel (see Figure 6-1-1).

Equipment performance

9. A door used for entrance and exit of the driver or passengers does not open or close easily.

10. A door or other hinged panel does not remain secure in a closed or locked position.

Modifications

11. A modification (Note 2) affects door or hinged panel retention systems, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 6-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Tables and images

Table 6-1-1 Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Door Retention Systems 2001
• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002, section 7.4.

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle fitted with doors used by the driver or passengers for entrance and exit of the motor vehicle must have a door retention system.

Permitted equipment

2. The door retention system on doors to the rear of the driver’s seat may incorporate safety devices installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent the doors from being opened from the inside of the vehicle (eg child safety locks).

3. A vehicle designed or adapted to transport prisoners is not required to be fitted with a mechanism for opening a door from the inside if the prison compartment has an alternative exit that can be operated by an authorised person in an emergency.

Equipment condition

4. A door retention system and its mountings must be safe and structurally sound.

5. A door used for the entrance and exit of the driver or passengers must be operable by any occupant seated by the door from inside the motor vehicle, unless it is permitted equipment designed or adapted to operate otherwise.

6. The vehicle must be designed and constructed using components and materials that are fit for their purpose, and within safe tolerance of their state when manufactured or modified.

Equipment performance

7. A door retention system must be in good working order.

8. A door used for entrance and exit must open and close easily.

9. A door used for entrance and exit must remain secure in a closed position during the operation of the motor vehicle.

Modifications

10. A modification that affects door or hinged panel retention systems must be inspected and certified by a low volume vehicle specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 6-1-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification and repair

3. A modification or repair since 1 April 2002 (Note 1) affects a seat or seat anchorage and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 7-1-2), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

Table 7-1-2. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Seats and Seat Anchorages 2002.

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to to general vehicle pages.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to to general vehicle pages.

Modifications

3. A modification on or after 1 April 2002 (Note 1) that affects a seat or seat anchorage must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 7-1-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. The external surfaces and padding of a head restraint have deteriorated to the extent that they are likely to injure a vehicle occupant.

2. An adjustable head restraint is unable to remain locked in its adjusted position.

Modification

3. A modification (Note 1) affects a head restraint, and

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-3-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Table 7-3-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Head Restraints 2001
• Land Transport Rule: Frontal Impact 2001.

Permitted equipment

1. A motor vehicle may be fitted with head restraints.

Condition and performance

2. The external surfaces and padding of a head restraint must not have deteriorated to the extent that the likelihood of injury to an occupant of the vehicle is increased.

3. An adjustable head restraint must remain able to be adjusted and locked into position.

Modification

4. A modification that affects a head restraint must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-3-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment (Note 2)

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A class NB or NC vehicle is not fitted with seatbelts as specified in Table 7-5-7, and the requirements for specific vehicles in Table 7-5-4 (general vehicle pages) are not met.

3. A motorhome is not fitted with seatbelts as specified in Table 7-5-7.

4. A three-point seatbelt imported and distributed by BVL (Business Ventures Limited) and manufactured by Changzhou BWD, China or Jiang Su Jiu Jiu Traffic Facilities Co. Ltd. is installed (See Figure 7-5-1 for samples to help identify the seatbelts).

• See also the Safety alert: Seatbelts imported by BVL (Business Ventures Limited)

5. A re-webbed seatbelt is fitted without evidence of exemption from requirements by Waka Kotahi.

• See Technical bulletin: Seatbelt repair and re-webbing

Condition

6. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

7. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification and repair

8. A modification or repair since 1 April 2002 affects a seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 7-5-8), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

9. The seatbelt assembly has been removed after it was rejected for one or more reasons for rejection due to Condition or Performance (above), whether or not the seatbelt is required to be fitted.

Table 7-5-7. Seatbelt requirements for heavy vehicles (first registered in New Zealand from 1 April 2002) and all heavy motorhomes (first registered anytime)

¹ A sideways-facing seating position in a vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 October 2002 may be fitted with a seatbelt of any type, and in a vehicle first registered from 1 October 2002 may be fitted with a seat belt that is a lapbelt only.

² Front type R1 seatbelts may remain fitted if they were fitted as OE and have a declaration issued by a certifier, or a plate affixed to the vehicle in a position approved by Waka Kotahi.

³ For a motorhome, manufactured means motor vehicles converted to motorhomes as well as manufactured as motorhomes.

⁴ Rear seating positions: at least as many lap (type L) or lap-and-diagonal (type R1 or R2) seatbelts as there are sleeping berths minus the number of front seating positions.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Seatbelts and Seatbelt Anchorages 2002

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A class NB or NC vehicle must be fitted with seatbelts as specified in Table 7-5-7.

3. A motorhome manufactured on or after 1 October 2003 or a motor vehicle converted into a motorhome on or after 1 October 2003 must be fitted with seatbelts as specified in Table 7-5-7.

Permitted equipment

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Performance

6. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification

7. Refer to general vehicle pages.

8. The fitting of an alternative type of seatbelt, or a modification on or after 1 April 2002 that affects a seatbelt anchorage in a heavy vehicle, must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 7-5-8), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification

3. A modification affects an airbag system (eg an airbag has been removed or made inoperable, including retrofitting a switch), and

a) the modification is not for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

b) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from a HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

4. A motor vehicle that has an airbag system removed or made inoperable and been certified as above does not:

a) have all OE signs, lights, or other devices that indicated that the vehicle was fitted with an airbag removed, or

b) if the signs, lights or other devices cannot be readily removed, have a label that indicates an airbag has been removed permanently attached in a prominent location where it is clearly visible to any occupant of the seating position that was previously protected by the airbag.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Frontal Impact 2001.

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Permitted equipment

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition and performance

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification

4. A motor vehicle that has had its airbag removed or made inoperable must either:

a) have all OE signs, lights, or other devices that indicated the vehicle was fitted with an airbag removed, or

b) if the signs, lights, or other devices cannot be readily removed, have a label that indicates an airbag has been removed permanently attached in a prominent location where it is clearly visible to any occupant of the seating position that was previously protected by the airbag.

5. A modification that affects an airbag system must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for HVS certification, and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Where an interior fitting, control or surface has been added, removed, substituted or has deteriorated, the likelihood of injury to occupants has not been minimised.

Modifications

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Interior Impact 2001.

Condition and performance

1. Interior fittings, controls and surfaces in the passenger compartments must be such that the likelihood of injury to occupants is minimised.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 December 1951 that is capable of a speed exceeding 50km/h is not fitted with a speedometer, and the vehicle operator cannot produce acceptable written evidence (Note 2) that:

a) the speedometer has been removed for repair, or

b) there are no undue delays by the vehicle owner in having the speedometer replaced.

Condition and performance

2. The speedometer:

a) does not operate as intended when the vehicle is moving forward (Note 3), or

b) is obscured from the driver’s position, or

c) does not indicate the vehicle’s speed in km/h or mph.

3. Reason for rejection 2(a), 2(b) or 2(c) applies and the vehicle operator cannot produce acceptable written evidence (Note 2) that repair of the speedometer or associated equipment is impracticable or that a suitable replacement is not available.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 December 1951 that is capable of a speed exceeding 50km/h must be fitted with a speedometer (Note 1).

2. A vehicle is not required to have a speedometer if the speedometer or associated equipment:

a) has been removed for repair and there are no undue delays by the vehicle owner in having it replaced, or

b) is out of repair, repair is impracticable and a suitable replacement is not available.

Condition and performance

3. The speedometer must be in good working order and operate while the vehicle is moving forward.

Modification

4. A speedometer that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet the requirements for equipment, condition and performance, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle is:

a) not fitted with a horn, or

b) fitted with a bell or whistle (Note 2), or

c) not an emergency vehicle (Note 1) and is fitted with a siren (Note 2).

2. A horn cannot be easily operated from the driver’s seating position.

Performance

3. The horn does not operate when activated.

4. The horn operates when not activated.

5. The sound from the horn is not steady and continuous, eg the horn plays a tune.

6. The horn is not audible at a distance of 100 m.

7. A siren fitted to an emergency vehicle operates when not activated.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle must be fitted with a device (horn) that is audible to other road users.

Permitted equipment

2. A vehicle may be fitted with a bell, whistle or siren only as follows:

a) a siren fitted to an emergency vehicle (Note 1), or

b) a siren, bell or whistle that is part of an anti-theft car alarm, personal security alarm or a reversing warning device.

Performance

3. The device must be in good working order.

4. The device must be capable of giving a warning that is audible under normal traffic conditions from a distance of at least 100 m.

Modification

5. An audible warning device that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet the requirements for equipment and performance, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

Service brake

1. A heavy vehicle does not have a service brake.

2. A heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 does not have a service brake that is designed to act on each wheel.

3. A vehicle of class NB or NC listed in Table 8-1-2 is not fitted with an anti-lock braking system (ABS).

Parking brake

4. A heavy vehicle does not have a parking brake.

5. A parking brake of a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 acts on less than 40% of the wheels.

6. The parking brake of a heavy vehicle or combination of vehicles cannot be applied by the driver from the normal driving position using one control only.

7. A class NB or NC vehicle fitted with a transmission/Cardan shaft park brake does not have a warning label, visible to the driver, advising that a transmission/Cardan shaft park brake is fitted to this vehicle (see Figure 8-1-6).

7. (From 27 February 2020) If requested by a vehicle inspector, a 4085D Operator statement of compliance with maintenance requirements for parking brake assemblies form is:

a) not presented, or

b) not complete, or

c) not current.

(see also technical bulletin (CoF) 9 Park brake inspection and 4085D requirements for guidance)

Emergency brake

8. A heavy vehicle does not have an emergency brake.

9. The emergency brake of a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 that is combined with the service brake or with a parking brake that acts on the transmission does not meet the requirements of Table 8-1-3.

Hoses and other flexible tubing

10. A hose or other flexible tubing forming part of a compressed air or vacuum line does not comply with at least one of the standards in Table 8-1-4 (Note 2).

Compressed air brake systems

11. A heavy vehicle that is fitted with an air brake or a brake that is operated with the assistance of compressed air is not equipped with an air pressure gauge that indicates the pressure in a brake reservoir (Note 3).

12. The service brake circuit of an air-braked class NB or NC vehicle are not fitted with a low-pressure warning device visible and /or audible from the driver’s normal driving position.

13. An air-braked vehicle of class NB or NC listed in Table 8-1-5 does not have towing vehicle protection (Note 4).

14. The air brake of a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 March 2007 that has a towing connection to tow an air braked trailer (or a tow connection fitted on or after 1 March 2007) is not capable of being connected to the air brake of the trailer by means of a two-line system.

15. A vehicle that is certified to the New Zealand Heavy-vehicle Brake Specification (HVBNZ) does not have:

a) a drain valve fitted to the lowest point of each brake reservoir, specifically, the reservoirs of the service brake and park brake, and including the so-called ‘wet tank’, or

b) a drain valve fitted to an air-brake reservoir or to the reservoir of auxiliary equipment is not capable of being operated by a person standing beside the vehicle, without the need for a pit or hoist, or

c) an automatic drain valve does not have a means of manual operation.

Note Operation of drain valves must not require the use of tools.

Permitted equipment

16. An air-operated device is supplied air from a service brake reservoir (ie not from a separate reservoir) unless:

a) the operation of the device requires only a small amount of compressed air and it is supplied with compressed air by a hose or pipe with an external diameter not exceeding 8mm, or

b) the device is operated only when the vehicle is stationary, or

c) the vehicle manufacturer allows it.

17. An air-operated device is connected to the air brake system without protection (Note 5).

18. A temporary stop brake:

a) cannot be operated from the driver’s normal driving position, or

b) interferes with the safe operation of the service brake or the parking brake of the vehicle, or

c) when it can be deactivated only by the driver, does not have a label permanently attached displaying the words NOT FOR PARKING, or

d) when it can be deactivated by the control system of the vehicle (eg when the engine is switched off), does not have at least one of the following:

19. A retarder or engine brake fitted on or after 1 March 2007 does not have a control that can be operated from the driver’s normal driving position.

20. A trailer - brake hand control does not:

a) apply the service brakes of the trailer(s), or

b) automatically return to its original position.

Prohibited equipment

21. A heavy vehicle has a device fitted that allows the driver to adjust the service brake force distribution between the axles or between the vehicles that are used in combination.

22. A service brake has more than one control (other than a separate trailer hand brake control or a vehicle converted to dual steering)

Condition

23. Refer to general vehicle pages.

24. A brake is not capable of being easily adjusted.

25. An adjustment indicator rod is:

a) missing, or

b) seized.

26. A brake component has excessive travel or stroke (eg as shown by an adjustment indicator rod or similar device).

27. A brake actuator (including a slack adjuster and associated components):

a) is insecure, or

b) is leaking air, or

c) is cracked, or

d) does not operate, or

e) is excessively worn or corroded, or

f) is not seated correctly.

28. A treadle valve, brake valve, reservoir, compressor or fluid pump:

a) is missing, or

b) is insecure, or

c) is cracked, or

d) is leaking air, or

e) does not operate or operates incorrectly, eg due to corrosion, damage,incorrect fitment or excessive travel, or

f) contains excessive amounts of foreign fluids (eg water or oil).

29. A compressor or pump drive belt is:

a) insecure, or

b) damaged, or

c) significantly deteriorated.

30. A brake lining or brake pad:

a) has obviously been replaced on or after 1 March 2007 without all the linings or pads on the axle being replaced at the same time, or

b) is obviously of a different make, type or grade from another on the same axle.

31. A required service brake reservoir air pressure gauge is not readily visible to the driver (day and night) from the driver’s normal driving position (Note 6).

32. An air brake coupling device fitted to a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 March 2007 or fitted to a vehicle on or after that date:

a) is not robust, durable, or suitable for automotive application, or

b) is unable to prevent the incorrect connection of the control and supply lines, or

c) adversely affects the performance of the brake of either the towing or towed vehicle(s), or

d) does not have an effective break-away function, or

e) the coupling is not fitted as close as practicable to:

i. the centre-line of the vehicle, or

ii. the rear of the towing vehicle, or

iii. the towing connection by which the towed and towing vehicles are connected.

33. A brake pipe (including connections) is:

a) leaking, or

b) insecure, or

c) deformed from its original shape, or

d) chafed, or

e) corrosion damaged, eg there are signs of pitting or a noticeable increase in the pipe’s diameter, or

f) damaged so the cross-sectional area is reduced, or

g) fouled by moving parts.

34. A hose or plastic brake pipe (including connections):

a) is leaking, or

b) is insecure, or

c) bulges under pressure, or

d) is twisted or stretched, or

e) is cracked or chafed, eg the reinforcement cords are exposed, or

f) has metal components that are excessively corroded, or

g) fouled by moving parts.

35. A coiled nylon brake hose (suzie coil) does not have:

a) a straight hose section at the connector that is at least 50mm long, or

b) a spring guard adjacent to the end fittings capable of supporting and protecting the brake hose.

36. An ABS plug or socket (see Figure 8-1-5)

a) is missing, or

b) has damaged, displaced or corroded pins, or

c) is otherwise broken or defective.

• Dismantling of the plug or socket is not required, visual inspection only.

Performance

Service brake (Note 7)

37. The service brake cannot be applied in a controlled and progressive manner.

38. When the service brake is applied and without assistance from the engine or other retarders:

a) the vehicle does not stop within seven metres from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 50%) for a vehicle which has a service brake designed to act on at least four wheels, or

b) the vehicle does not stop within nine metres from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 40%) for a vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 February 1977 which has a service brake designed to act on fewer than four wheels, or

c) the vehicle does not stop within 20m from a speed of 30 km/h (average braking efficiency of 18%) or equivalent efficiency at its maximum speed for a vehicle manufactured before 31 December 1918 and not capable of exceeding a speed of 30km/h.

39. When the service brake is applied:

a) the vehicle vibrates under braking to the extent that the control of the vehicle is adversely affected, or

b) the brake fails to release immediately after the brake pedal has been released, or

c) the directional control is affected (eg swerving to one side, or the brakes on one side apply more slowly than the other side), or

d) the brake balance, at any time above the threshold value, varies by more than 30% between wheels on a common axle.

40. The ABS or brake system warning lamp or self-check system, if fitted, indicates a defect in the ABS or brake system (does not apply to brake pad wear warning systems).

41. An ABS system is inoperative (Note 11).

Parking brake (Note 7)

42. When the parking brake is applied:

a) the vehicle does not stop within 18 m from a speed of 30 km/h (average brake efficiency of 20%), or

b) a vehicle fitted with a transmission/Cardan shaft park brake does not meet the minimum brake force required for its GVM (see Table 8-1-9 for brake force requirements)

c) it does not hold all the wheels on a common axle stationary against attempts to drive the vehicle away.

43. The parking brake is unusually difficult to apply or release.

Compressed air brake systems

44. Reservoir capacity: With the air pressure in the braking system at its maximum operational pressure as specified by the vehicle or brake manufacturer and the compressor stopped, the reserve of compressed air does not provide:

a) for a combination of heavy vehicles equipped with a towing vehicle protection valve (tractor protection valve) on the towing vehicle and an emergency or a breakaway valve on the trailer(s):

i. three full service brake applications with full release of the brakes before the low-pressure warning device operates, or before the emergency valve operates, and

ii. two full applications with full release of the brakes after the low-pressure warning device operates, or

b) For a single class NB or NC vehicle that complies with a Australian Design Rule 35 or European brake standard:

i. three full service brake applications, with full release of the brakes after each application, before the low-pressure warning device operates, and

ii. two full applications, with full release of the brakes, after the low-pressure warning device operates, or

c) For all other vehicles:

i. five full service brake applications, with full release of the brakes after each application, before the low-pressure warning device operates, and

ii. two full applications, with full release of the brakes, after the low-pressure warning device operates.

45. Compressor capacity: At the maximum governed speed, or where the engine is not governed at a speed determined by the vehicle inspector, the compressor is not capable of raising the air pressure in the braking system to the maximum operating pressure specified by the vehicle or brake manufacturer, in the following times:

a) in not more than three minutes, starting from the pressure at which:

i. the low pressure warning device ceases to operate, or:

ii. the pressure at which the emergency brake operates, and

b) in not more than 90 seconds, starting from the pressure to which the brake system falls from the maximum specified operating pressure as a result of fully applying and releasing the service brakes:

i. five times for a single class NB or NC vehicle, or a heavy vehicle combination without a towing vehicle protection valve (tractor protection valve) and an emergency or breakaway valve on the trailer(s), or

ii. three times for heavy vehicle combinations with a towing vehicle protection valve (tractor protection valve) and an emergency or breakaway valve on the trailer(s).

46. A service brake reservoir air-pressure gauge does not operate correctly.

47. A required low-pressure warning device does not give a continuous signal, visible or audible, that clearly indicates to the driver when the pressure in any of the service brake circuits is below the minimum safe operating pressure unless the parking brake is fully applied or an automatic transmission is in the ‘park’ position (Note 8).

48. A required towing vehicle protection valve does not operate.

49. A required drain valve cannot be operated manually.

• Operation of drain valves must not require the use of tools.

50. A class NB or NC vehicle has more than one air service brake circuit and there is no protection between those circuits (Note 9).

51. On a vehicle that is certified to the New Zealand Heavy-vehicle Brake Specification (HVBNZ) the simultaneous application of the service brake and the spring parking brake results in the compounding of the two individual brake forces on that axle.

Modification and certification.

52. A vehicle in Table 8-1-6:

a) has not been certified as required by that table, or

b) has been modified so that recertification is required.

53. A modification that affects the brake system has not been inspected and certified by a heavy vehicle specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is exempted from the requirement for heavy vehicle specialist certification (Table 8-1-7), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Table 8-1-2. Class NB and NC vehicles that must be fitted with an anti-lock braking system¹

¹ The OE fitting of an anti-lock braking system (ABS) indicates that it was probably required by the standard. The removal of an ABS is a modification and must be HVS certified.

² GM means gross mass (see definitions in the Introduction)

³ A vehicle that complies with European standards is identified as HVBE on the Certificate of Loading. Refer to Table 3-1-2-1 of the LATIS agent's manual.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy-vehicle Brakes 2006.

Mandatory requirements

Service brake

1. A heavy vehicle must have a service brake that acts on each wheel, except for a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 November 1990 which may have a service brake that is designed to act on those wheels as determined by the vehicle manufacturer.

2. A vehicle of class NB or NC listed in Table 8-1-2 must be fitted with an anti-lock braking system (ABS).

Parking brake

3. A heavy vehicle must have a parking brake.

4. A parking brake of a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 must act on at least 40% of the wheels.

5. The parking brake of a heavy vehicle, whether in combination or not, must be able to be applied by the driver from the normal driving position using one control only.

Emergency brake

6. A heavy vehicle must have an emergency brake which may be combined with the parking or service brake.

7. The emergency brake of a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 that is combined with the service brake or the parking brake acts on the transmission must meet the requirements of Table 8-1-3.

Hoses and other flexible tubing

8. A hose or other flexible tubing forming part of the compressed air or vacuum lines of a vehicle must comply with one or more of the approved vehicle standards in Table 8-1-4.

Compressed air brake systems

9. An air-braked class NB or NC vehicle must be fitted with one (or more) pressure gauge(s), readily visible to the driver at all times from the driver’s normal driving position, to indicate to the driver the pressure in the brake reservoir(s).

10. An air-braked class NB or NC vehicle must be fitted with a device that provides a continuous signal that is clearly visible or audible from the driver’s normal driving position if the pressure in one or more of the service brake reservoirs is below the minimum safe operating pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or brake manufacturer. An audible signal may be rendered inoperative only while the parking brake is fully applied or an automatic transmission is in the park position.

11. An air-braked vehicle of class NB or NC listed in Table 8-1-5 must have towing vehicle protection.

12. The air brake of a heavy vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 March 2007 or modified on or after that date that can be operated in a combination vehicle must be capable of being connected to the air brake of the other vehicle by means of a two-line system.

13. A two-line system must consist of:

a) a supply line that supplies compressed air from the towing to the towed vehicle, and

b) a control line that supplies a control signal, in the form of modulated air pressure, to regulate the intensity of the brake application on the towed vehicle or vehicles.

14. A vehicle that is certified to the New Zealand Heavy-vehicle Brake Specification (HVBNZ) must:

a) have a drain valve fitted to the lowest point of each brake reservoir, specifically, the reservoirs of the service brake and park brake, and including the so-called ‘wet tank’, and

b) a drain valve fitted to an air-brake reservoir or to the reservoir of auxiliary equipment must be capable of being operated by a person standing beside the vehicle, without the need for a pit or hoist, and

c) an automatic drain valve must have a means of manual operation.

Permitted equipment

15. An air-operated device may be connected to the air brake only if:

a) the brake is protected so that the operation or failure of the device cannot lower the pressure in any service or parking brake reservoir(s) below the pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or brake manufacturer, or, if such information is not available, two-thirds of its maximum operational pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or brake manufacturer, and

b) the supply to the device is drawn from a reservoir separate from the service brake or parking brake reservoir(s) supplying the brake, except that an air-operated device may be supplied with compressed air from the service brake or parking brake reservoir(s) if:

i. the operation of the device requires only a small amount of compressed air and it is supplied with compressed air by a hose or pipe with an external diameter not exceeding 8mm, or

ii. the device is operated only when the vehicle is stationary, or

iii. the vehicle manufacturer allows it.

16. A vehicle may be fitted with a device (temporary stop brake) that can be operated by the driver from the driver’s normal driving position to keep the vehicle stationary temporarily, provided that the device does not prevent the safe operation of the service brake or the parking brake of the vehicle.

17. A temporary stop brake may:

a) apply the service brake, either partially or fully, on some or all of the vehicle’s wheels, or

b) prevent the release of the service brake, when applied by the driver, on some or all of the vehicle’s wheels.

18. A temporary stop brake that can only be deactivated by the driver must have a label permanently attached displaying the words NOT FOR PARKING.

19. A temporary stop brake that can be deactivated by the control system of the vehicle must have:

a) a label permanently attached displaying the words NOT FOR PARKING, or

b) an audible warning device that operates when the driver’s door is open while the device is activated and the parking brake is not fully applied.

20. A vehicle may be fitted with a retarder or engine brake to control the speed of the vehicle.

21. A retarder or engine brake fitted on or after 1 March 2007 must have a control that can be operated from the driver’s normal driving position.

22. A powered vehicle that is operated as a combination vehicle may be fitted with a trailer-brake hand control that must be capable of applying the service brake of the trailer or trailers in a progressive manner; and must automatically return to its original position.

23. A powered vehicle with a hydraulic service brake may be fitted with an additional rear axle that has an air operated disc brake as a service brake.

24. A heavy vehicle may be fitted with a warning system that is part of, or associated with, the use of a brake component or system.

Prohibited equipment

25. A heavy vehicle must not have a device fitted by which the driver would be able to adjust the service brake force distribution between the axles or between the vehicles that are used in combination.

26. The service brake of a vehicle must not have more than one control (other than a separate trailer hand brake control, or a vehicle converted to dual steering in which case the service brake control assembly must be replicated on the other side of the vehicle.)

Condition

27. A brake must be easily adjustable to compensate for wear or have a means of automatic adjustment and be in good condition.

28. The brake friction material of a brake must be:

a) secure, and

b) in good condition, and

c) free of defects that could noticeably and adversely affect the performance of the brake.

29. When a brake lining or a brake pad on an axle is replaced:

a) all the brake linings or brake pads on that axle must be replaced, and

b) all replacement brake linings and brake pads on that axle must be of the same make, type and grade.

30. A pressure gauge must indicate the pressure in pressure units, or on a coloured scale, or in an equivalent way.

31. A towing vehicle and an air-braked towed vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 March 2007 or modified on or after that date must be fitted with a coupling device to connect the air brake to, and disconnect it from, that of the other vehicle, and that device must:

a) be robust, durable, and suitable for automotive application, and

b) prevent, either through the design of the coupling device or through its installation, the incorrect connection of the control and supply lines, and

c) not adversely affect the performance of the brake of either the towing or towed vehicle(s), and

d) have an effective break-away function.

32. The socket of a coupling device must be fitted as close as practicable to:

a) the centre-line of the vehicle, and

b) the towing connection by which the towed and towing vehicles are connected.

Performance

33. A brake test that verifies that a vehicle complies with performance requirements must be carried out, and the test results evaluated, in accordance with methods and conditions approved by the NZTA by notice in the New Zealand gazette.

34. The service brake on a heavy vehicle must be able to be applied in a controlled and progressive manner.

35. Every brake which simultaneously applies the braking pressure on two wheels with a common axis must be adjusted or fitted so that the braking effect is approximately the same on both wheels when the brake is applied by the driver, except if the braking effect is modulated by a device to prevent the wheels locking or to improve stability (eg ABS or EBS).

36. When the brake on a heavy vehicle is applied:

a) the vehicle or its controls must not vibrate to the extent that control of the vehicle is adversely affected, and

b) the braking effort on each wheel must provide stable and efficient braking without adverse effect on the directional control of the vehicle, and

c) if the vehicle is equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), the vehicle’s rotationally-sensed wheels must not lock, when the speed of the vehicle is above the ABS-activation parameters set by the vehicle manufacturer.

37. A brake warning system, if fitted on a heavy vehicle must function correctly (does not apply to a brake pad wear system ).

Service brake

38. The service brake of a vehicle that is operated on a hard, dry, level surface that is free of loose material, and without assistance from the compression of the engine or other retarders must operate in the following manner:

a) a service brake that is designed to act on four or more wheels must stop the vehicle within a distance of seven metres from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 50%).

b) a service brake that is designed to act on fewer than four wheels on a vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 February 1977 must stop the vehicle within a distance of 9m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 40%).

c) A service brake on a heavy vehicle manufactured before 31 December 1918 not capable of exceeding a speed of 30km/h must stop the vehicle within a distance of 20m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency 18%) or equivalent brake efficiency at its maximum speed.

Parking brake

39. A parking brake of a vehicle or vehicle combination that is operated on a hard, dry, level surface that is free of loose material, and without assistance from the compression of the engine or other retarders must operate in the following manner:

• Stop the vehicle within 18m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 20%).

Compressed air brake systems

40. Reservoir capacity: With the air pressure in the braking system at its maximum operating pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or brake manufacturer and with the compressor stopped, the reserve of compressed air of the braking system must provide a minimum of:

a) For a combination of heavy vehicles equipped with a towing vehicle protection valve (tractor protection valve) on the towing vehicle and an emergency or break-away valve on the trailer(s):

three full service brake applications with full release of the brakes after each application before the low pressure warning device or emergency valve operates, and two further full applications after the low pressure warning device operates, or

b) In the case of a single vehicle that complies with Australian Design Rule 35 or a European brake standard:

three full service brake applications with full release of the brakes after each application before the low-pressure warning operates, and two further full applications after the low pressure warning device operates, or

c) For all other vehicles:

five full service brake applications with full release of the brakes after each application before the low-pressure warning device operates, and two further full applications after the low pressure warning device operates.

41. Compressor capacity: At the maximum governed speed, or where the engine is not governed at a speed determined by the vehicle inspector, the compressor shall be capable of raising the pressure in the braking system to the maximum operating pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or brake manufacturer in the following times:

a) in not more than 3 minutes, starting from the pressure at which the low-pressure warning ceases to operate or, when the emergency braking operates, and

b) in not more than 90 seconds, starting from the pressure to which the brake system falls from the maximum operating pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or brake manufacturer as a result of fully applying and releasing the service brakes three times as permitted in Summary of legislation 40 above, or five times in all other cases.

42. The compressor must supply only the brake reservoirs with compressed air until the pressure in those reservoirs reaches the pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the brake manufacturer, or, if such information is not available, two-thirds of the maximum operational pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the brake manufacturer.

43. An air brake must have priority of supply of compressed air from the brake reservoir.

44. For a class NB or NC vehicle that has more than one compressed air service or parking brake circuit, a failure in any service or parking brake circuit that lowers the pressure in any service or parking brake reservoir below the pressure at which the low pressure warning device starts to operate, must not reduce the pressure in any other service or parking brake reservoir below that pressure.

45. A vehicle that is certified to the New Zealand Heavy-vehicle Brake Specification (HVBNZ) and fitted with a spring-operated parking brake that is normally released by compressed air, the simultaneous application of the service brake and parking brake must not result in a compounded brake force on the axle or axles on which the parking brake acts. This may be referred to as an ‘anti-compounding’ requirement.

Modification and certification

46. The brakes fitted to a heavy vehicle must comply with the certification requirements in Table 8-1-6.

47. A modification that may affect the brake system must be inspected and certified by a heavy vehicle specialist certifier of category HVEK or HMKD, unless the vehicle:

a) is excepted from the requirement for heavy vehicle specialist certification (Table 8-1-7), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A vehicle that has been certified to the Heavy Vehicle Brake Code does not have a label stating that the vehicle complies with either NZHVBC first or second edition.

2. An NZHVBC label:

a) is missing, or

b) is illegible, or

c) does not match the vehicle, or

d) has obvious signs of tampering, or

e) is not affixed as close as practicable to the vehicle manufacturer’s identification plate.

Mandatory equipment

Service brake

3. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Parking brake

4. A heavy vehicle does not have a parking brake.

5. A vehicle that was first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 does not have a park brake that acts on at least half of the wheels.

Emergency brake

6. A vehicle does not have an emergency brake combined with either:

a) the parking brake, or

b) the service brake.

7. A vehicle that was first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 does not have an emergency brake that acts on at least half of the wheels.

8. The emergency brake is not operable from the driving seat while keeping at least one hand on the steering control.

Hoses or other flexible tubing

9. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

10. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

11. The vehicle is not fitted with air pressure gauges which indicate the pressure in each independent service brake air reservoir.

12. A vehicle equipped with compressed air operated service brakes is not equipped with an audible low pressure warning device.

13. A vehicle does not have a tractor protection valve.

14. Air connections between all towing vehicles and trailers are not of the two line system using a one piece coupling, eg:

a) a duomatic coupling, or

b) a triomatic coupling where an auxiliary air supply (separate from the braking system) is required for a trailer.

15. The coupling housing (eg duomatic or triomatic) is not situated close to the centre line (preferably to the right hand side of the centre, ie driver’s side).

16. The air lines are not installed so that when facing the cover of the female section of the coupling housing:

a) the control (service) line is not on the left side of the housing, and coloured blue or black within 150mm of the coupling or junction, and

b) the supply (emergency) line is not on the right side of the housing, and coloured red or yellow within 150mm of the coupling or junction.

17. A service brake or parking brake reservoir, including any wet tank in an air brake system:

a) is not fitted with a condensate drain valve at the lowest point, or

b) is fitted with an automatic condensate valve that does not have provision for manual operation.

Note Operation of drain valves must not require the use of tools.

Permitted equipment

18. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

19. A manually operated push/pull valve that is used to apply the park brakes on the towing vehicle or trailer separately is not adequately guarded to prevent accidental operation during an emergency.

20. A manually operated push/pull valve that is used to apply the combination’s park brakes is not coloured yellow.

Prohibited equipment

21. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Condition

22. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

23. A brake lining or brake pad:

a) has been replaced without all the linings or pads on the axle being replaced at the same time, or

b) does not comply with the NZHVBC (Note 1)

24. A service brake reservoir air pressure gauge is not readily visible to the driver (day and night) from the driver’s normal driving position.

Performance

Service brake

25. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Parking brake

26. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

27. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

28. An air pressure gauge does not operate correctly.

29. A low pressure warning device does not give a continuous audible signal that clearly indicates to the driver when the pressure in any of the service brake circuits is below the minimum safe operating pressure recommended by the manufacturer unless the park brake is fully applied and the automatic transmission is in the ‘park’ position.

30. A tractor protection valve does not operate.

31. A drain valve is not able to be operated manually.

Note Operation of drain valves must not require the use of tools.

32. The individual brake forces of the service brake and spring parking brake are able to be compounded.

Modification and certification (Note 1)

33. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy-vehicle Brakes 2006, including:
• Heavy Vehicle Brake Code, first edition (1991)
• Heavy Vehicle Brake Code, second edition (June 1997).

Mandatory requirement

1. A vehicle that has been certified to the Heavy Vehicle Brake Code (first edition) prior to 31 August 1997 must have a label affixed to the vehicle, adjacent to the vehicle manufacturer’s identification plate stating that the vehicle complies with “NZHVBC, dated 1991”

2. A vehicle that has been certified to the Heavy Vehicle Brake Code (second edition) on or after 31 August 1997 and before 1 July 2008 must have a label of permanent material affixed to the vehicle, as close as practicable to the vehicle manufacturer’s identification plate. The label must include the words “NZHVBC Edition No. 2”.

Mandatory equipment

Service brake

3. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Parking brake

4. A vehicle must have a parking brake.

5. A vehicle that was first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 must have a park brake that acts on at least half of the wheels.

Note Spring brakes are the preferred type of park brake.

6. A parking brake must be able to be applied by the driver from the normal driving position.

Emergency brake

7. A vehicle must have an emergency brake which may be combined with the parking brake or the service brake.

8. A vehicle that was first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 must have an emergency brake that acts on at least half of the wheels.

9. The emergency brake must be operable from the driving seat while keeping at least one hand on the steering control.

Hoses or other flexible tubing

10. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

11. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

12. The service brake air system of vehicles first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 must have at least two completely independent brake actuating circuits, each with its own air reservoir.

13. Gauges must be fitted to indicate to the driver the pressure in each independent service brake air reservoir and be visible to the driver from the normal driving position

14. Every vehicle equipped with compressed air operated service brakes and where the prescribed emergency braking performance cannot be achieved without the use of the compressed air, the air reservoirs must be equipped with a low pressure alarm device. The low pressure alarm may be rendered inoperative while the parking brake is applied and the selector is in the park position in vehicles fitted with an automatic transmission.

15. The service brake system of the towing vehicle must incorporate a tractor protection valve to preserve the integrity of the brake system should the trailer’s brake system fail.

16. A pressure test connection must be fitted to the air inlet of the least favourably placed brake chamber (or pneumatic device in the case of part pneumatic brake systems) on each independent circuit of the braking system.

17. Air connections between all towing vehicles and trailers must be of the two line system using a one piece coupling, eg a duomatic coupling, or when an auxiliary air supply (separate from the braking system) is required for a trailer, a triomatic coupling .

18. The coupling housing (eg duomatic or triomatic) must be situated close to the centre line, preferably to the right hand side (ie driver’s side) of centre.

19. The control (service) and supply (emergency) air lines must be installed so that when facing the cover of the female section of the coupling housing:

a) the control (service) line must be on the left side of the housing, and coloured blue or black within 150mm of the coupling or junction, and

b) the supply (emergency) line must be on the right side of the housing, and coloured red or yellow within 150mm of the coupling or junction.

20. Each reservoir in an air brake system must be fitted with a condensate drain valve at the lowest point.

21. Where an automatic condensate valve is fitted, it must have a provision for manual operation.

Permitted equipment

22. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

23. A vehicle may be fitted with additional manually operated push/pull valves that are used to apply the park brakes on the towing vehicle or trailer separately provided these valves are adequately guarded to prevent accidental operation during an emergency.

24. A vehicle may be fitted with an additional manually operated push/pull valve that is used to apply the combination’s park brakes provided it is coloured yellow.

Prohibited equipment

24. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Condition

25. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

26. Brake linings or brake pads must be replaced as axle sets.

Performance

27. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Service brake

28. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Parking brake

29. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

30. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

31. A low pressure alarm device must sound loudly when the brake air reservoir pressures fall below the minimum safe operating pressure recommended by the manufacturer.

32. The low pressure alarm may be rendered inoperative while:

a) the park brake is applied, and

b) the selector is in the park position in vehicles fitted with an automatic transmission.

33. The brake systems must not compound their individual brake forces.

Modification and certification

34. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

Service brake

1. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

2. The service brake does not act on each axle.

Parking brake

3. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

4. The parking brake does not act on at least half of the vehicle’s axles.

Emergency brake

5. The vehicle does not have an emergency brake.

6. The emergency brake:

a) does not act on at least half of the vehicle’s axles, or

b) is not operable from one control within easy reach of the driver in his normal seating position.

Hoses and other flexible tubing

7. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

8. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

9. Air connections between the towing and towed vehicles are not of the two-line type (excluding auxiliaries).

10. Air connections between the towing and towed vehicles that are physically capable of being incorrectly connected are not colour-coded, ie:

a) the control (service) line is not coloured yellow, green or blue, or

b) the supply (emergency) line is not coloured red.

11. The couplings used for the air connections between the towing and towed vehicles:

a) are not mounted on the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle, or as close to it on the right-hand side, or

b) do not have the control (service) line to the left of the vehicle, ie the curb side, or

c) do not have the supply (emergency) line to the right of the vehicle, ie the driver’s side.

Permitted equipment

12. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Prohibited equipment

13. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Condition

14. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Performance

Service brake

15. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Parking brake

16. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

17. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Modification and certification (Note 1)

18. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

Mandatory equipment

Service brake

1. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

2. The service brake must operate on each axle.

Parking brake

3. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

4. The park brake must act on at least half of the axles on each vehicle.

Emergency brake

5. The vehicle must have an emergency brake system, which is substantially independent of the service braking system.

6. The emergency brake must:

a) act on at least half of the axles on each vehicle, and

b) be operable from one control within easy reach of the driver in his normal seating position.

Hoses and other flexible tubing

7. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

8. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

9. Air connections between the towing and towed vehicles must be of the two-line type (excluding auxiliaries).

10. Air connections between the towing and towed vehicles that are physically capable of being incorrectly connected shall be colour-coded as follows:

a) the control (service) line must be coloured yellow, green or blue, and

b) the supply (emergency) line must be coloured red.

11. The couplings used for the air connections between the towing and towed vehicles must:

a) be mounted on the longitudinal centre-line of the vehicle, or as close to it on the right-hand side, and

b) have the control (service) line to the left of the vehicle, ie the curb side, and

c) have the supply (emergency) line to the right of the vehicle, ie the driver’s side.

Permitted equipment

12. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Prohibited equipment

13. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Condition

14. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Performance

Service brake

15. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Parking brake

16. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Emergency brake

17. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Compressed air brake systems

18. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Modification and certification

19. Refer to heavy vehicles, section 8-1.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. An axle-stop has been removed, or its condition is such that it may not be effective.

Performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification and repair

5. A modification or repair affects the steering and suspension system and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 9-1-2), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii.the vehicle was modified or repaired since the last CoF inspection and no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

Table 9-1-2. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions and Mass 2002
• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Permitted equipment

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. A vehicle may be fitted with an axle-stop device.

4. A vehicle may be fitted with a ballrace turntable.

Condition

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

6. The suspension system must have adequate strength for all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

7. An axle-stop device fitted to a vehicle must be within safe tolerance of its original condition.

Performance

8. Refer to general vehicle pages.

9. The suspension system must have performance characteristics for all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

10. A modification or repair that affects the steering or suspension system must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 9-1-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. On a groundspreader or dedicated groundsprayer fitted with multiple tyre sets that are made up of tyres of different size or construction:

a) the tyre sets are not fitted so that those fitted at one end of the axle mirror those fitted at the other end of the axle.

3. The tyres on an axle do not meet at least one of the following:

a) the tyre ply ratings:

i. are the same on a class MD3 vehicle

ii. differ by no more than two on a vehicle of other than class MD3

b) the tyre load indices:

i. differ by no more than two on a class MD3 vehicle

ii. differ by no more than six on a vehicle of other than class MD3

c) where no load index is indicated, the tyre load ratings (kg) on an axle differ by no more than 21% of the lowest rating.

Condition

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

5. A tyre shows damage that is likely to compromise its ability to operate in a safe manner or lead to premature tyre failure, such as:

a) a lump or bulge that is likely to be caused by separation of the tyre structure, or

b) a cut or crack in a side wall or tread more than 25mm long that reaches the cords (see (Note 2) for visible cords in the tread area of heavy vehicle radial-ply tyres), or

c) exposed or cut cords (see (Note 2) for visible cords in the tread area of heavy vehicle radial-ply tyres), or

d) the tread of a retreaded tyre shows signs of separation, or

e) nails or other sharp objects embedded in the tyre, or

f) significant perishing, eg due to age, moisture or exposure.

Modification and repair

6. A modification or repair affects the tyres and wheels and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 10-1-4), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

Table 10-1-4. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Tyres and Wheels 2001
• Goods Service Vehicle (Constructional) Regulations 1936.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. Individual tyres of multiple tyre sets on groundspreaders or dedicated groundsprayers may be of different sizes or construction in the same set, but each multiple tyre set must be the same as the other multiple tyre set on the same axle.

Condition

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

4. A heavy vehicle radial-ply tyre may have visible cords in the tyre tread area provided the tyre is in a safe condition. To assess whether such a tyre is in a safe condition, the vehicle inspector may take into account written evidence from a person who has current specialist tyre knowledge and experience, particularly in heavy vehicle tyre inspection.

Modification and repair

5. A modification or repair that affects the tyres or wheels must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC, HVMC or HVIC, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 10-1-4), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment (Note 1)

1. A rigid heavy vehicle is not supported by:

a) a single or twin-steer axle set at the front, or

b) a single, tandem or tri-axle set at the rear.

2. An axle set, other than a twin-steer axle set, is not load sharing.

3. The manufacturer’s plate for a tandem axle set (except for a tandem axle set in a heavy passenger service vehicle) with a twin-tyred axle and a large single-tyred axle (where these were fitted from 1 July 2002):

a) is missing, or

b) is not legible, or

c) does not show:

i. the load-share ratio of the axle set, or

ii. a ratio that is either 60:40 or 55:45, or

iii. the tyre size on each axle, or

iv. the maximum individual axle ratings, or

d) has details that do not match the vehicle.

4. A heavy vehicle is fitted with one or more rear steering axles, and the vehicle is not one of the following types:

a) a mobile crane

b) the rear unit of an articulated bus

c) a rigid vehicle without a heavy tow coupling, provided that no more than half of the axles within the rear axle set steer at any one time

d) a specialist vehicle designed to transport overdimension or overweight load, or to primarily carry out a specialist function that requires overdimension equipment.

5. A mobile crane does not have at least either a non-steering axle or a steering axle capable of being locked so that it is non-steering.

6. A heavy vehicle is presented towing an A-train or B-train and is fitted with a retractable axle in its rear axle set.

7. A device for altering the distribution of mass between axles has been fitted to the vehicle when:

a) the device does not lift an unpowered axle clear of the ground, or

b) the device reduces the mass carried by an unpowered axle without lifting it clear of the ground, but the device:

i. does not have a spring-loaded control, ie when the control is released, the mass on the unpowered axle does not revert to what it was before the operation of the control, or

ii. does not have a control with an automatic timing device with an activation time of not more than two minutes after which the mass on the unpowered axle reverts automatically to what it was before the operation of the control, and with a non-activation time of at least 30 seconds during which the control cannot be activated again.

8. A sliding axle set is not fitted with both:

a) an effective locking device to prevent inadvertent extension or separation, and

b) endstops at the end of the slideway to prevent separation of the sliding parts if the primary locking device fails.

Condition

9. Refer to general vehicle pages.

10. A sliding axle assembly has deteriorated, eg:

a) a chassis rail/guide, locking pin or other component is missing, deformed, cracked or otherwise worn or damaged, or

b) a locking pin is too small or too short, or

c) there is an air leak from the lock pin air ram.

11. A locking of a sliding axle locking device is either:

a) not readily verifiable by visual inspection, or

b) the vehicle is not equipped with a visual or audible alarm to warn the driver if the axle is not locked in one of the locking positions (Note 2).

12. A sliding axle locking device is bent, worn or otherwise damaged, or has deteriorated so that it is not effective.

13. A sliding axle locking device does not operate correctly.

14. A sliding axle endstop is:

a) missing, or

b) insecure, or

c) damaged.

Performance

15. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification and repair

16. A modification or repair affects the hubs or axles and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 10-2-2), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD has been presented.

Table 10-2-2. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions and Mass 2002
• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory and permitted equipment (Note 1)

1. A rigid heavy vehicle must be supported by a front single or twin-steer axle set, and by a rear single, tandem or tri-axle set.

2. The axle sets, except a twin-steer axle set, of a heavy vehicle must be load sharing.

3. A tandem-axle set (except for a tandem axle set in a heavy passenger service vehicle) with a large single-tyred axle must have a manufacturer’s indelible plate clearly visible to the person weighing the vehicle that specifies the:

a) load-share ratio of the axle set of 60:40 or 55:45, and

b) tyre size on each axle, and

c) maximum individual axle ratings.

4. A heavy vehicle must not have any rear steering axles, except if the vehicle is:

a) a mobile crane, or

b) the rear unit of an articulated bus, or

c) a rigid vehicle without a heavy tow coupling provided no more than half the axles within the rear axle set steer at any one time, or

d) a specialist vehicle designed to transport overdimension or overweight loads, or to primarily carry out a specialist function that requires overdimension equipment.

5. A mobile crane must have at least one rear axle capable of being locked so that it is non-steering.

6. A heavy vehicle not towing an A-train or B-train may have a retractable axle in its rear axle set.

7. A device for altering the distribution of mass between axles may only be fitted to a vehicle if the device:

a) lifts an unpowered axle clear of the ground, or

i. reduces the mass carried by an unpowered axle without lifting it clear of the ground, and

ii. is a control that is spring loaded, so that when the control is released the mass on the unpowered axle reverts to what it was before the operation of the controls, or

b) has a control with an automatic timing device with an activation time of not more than two minutes after which the mass on the unpowered axle reverts automatically to what is was before the operation of the control, and with a non-activation time of at least 30 seconds during which the control cannot be activated again.

8. A sliding axle set must be fitted with both:

a) an effective locking device to prevent inadvertent separation or extension, and

b) endstops at the end of the slideway to prevent the separation of the sliding parts if the primary locking device fails.

Permitted equipment

9. A vehicle may be fitted with a ballrace turntable.

Condition

10. Refer to general vehicle pages.

11. An axle fitted to a vehicle must have adequate strength and performance characteristics for all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

12. The locking of a sliding axle locking device must be readily verifiable by visual inspection, or the vehicle must be equipped with a visual or audible alarm to warn the driver if the equipment is not locked in one of the locking positions.

Performance

13. An alarm must be visible or audible from the driver’s seating position , and the alarm must operate when the vehicle’s engine is running, except when the parking brake is fully applied or when the gear selector of a vehicle with an automatic transmission is in the ‘park’ position.

14. If the sliding axle set locking device incorporates a system that provides energy for its operation, the device must remain fully engaged in the locking position, or the locking action must be initiated immediately, if the energising system fails.

15. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Modification and repair

16. A modification or repair that affects the hubs or axles must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 10-2-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A mudguard over a road wheel is missing where it is reasonable and practicable to fit a mudguard, unless the vehicle is:

a) in an unfinished condition legally used under the authority of trade plates, or

b) not capable of exceeding a speed of 30km/h, or

c) has a valid mudguard exemption issued by the New Zealand Hot Rod Association (Figure 10-3-4).

2. A mudguard does not cover the full tread width (Note 2) of a tyre or tyres fitted to a road wheel (Figure 10-3-1 and Figure 10-3-2), except when the mudguard is fitted to a vehicle designed for industrial purposes and it is not practicable to fit a full mudguard due to the vehicle’s construction.

3. On a vehicle with twin or close-spaced multiple tyres a mudguard fitted over a wheel on the rear axle is more than one-third higher than the horizontal distance between the vertical lines of the lowest point of the mudguard and the centre of the wheel (Figure 10-3-3), except when:

a) the mudguard is fitted to a vehicle designed for industrial purposes and it is not practicable to fit a full mudguard due to the vehicle’s construction.

4. A truck used for transporting round timber does not have mudguards over steer axles (Figure 10-3-6).

5. A truck used for transporting round timber does not have at least partial guards fitted to the front and rear tyres of the drive axle set (Figure 10-3-6).

Mudguard condition

6. A mudguard is not securely fixed to the vehicle.

7. A mudguard is so constructed or damaged that it is likely to present a hazard to road users (Note 2).

Modification (see also Introduction 3.1.2: Note 3)

8. A modification affects a mudguard, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 10-3-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Table 10-3-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Tyres and Wheels 2001
• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle must be fitted with a mudguard over each road wheel if it is reasonable and practicable to do so (Note 1).

2. A mudguard must cover no less than the width of the tyre tread on each road wheel (Figure 10-3-1 and Figure 10-3-2).

3. A vehicle fitted with twin tyres or close-spaced multiple tyres must be fitted with a mudguard over each wheel on the rear axle that provides continuous protection from a horizontal line tangent to the top of the tyre tread (Note 2) to a line with a slope of 1 in 3 rising rearward from the tyre’s contact point on the road (Figure 10-3-3).

4. A vehicle designed for industrial purposes may be fitted with partial mudguards if the vehicle’s construction makes it impracticable to fit full mudguards.

5. The following vehicles are not required to be fitted with mudguards:

a) a vehicle in an unfinished condition used under the authority of trade plates and operated in accordance with the Compliance Rule

b) a vehicle not capable of exceeding a speed of 30 km/h

c) a vehicle with a valid LVV authority card (Figure 10-3-4).

Mudguard condition

6. A mudguard must be securely fixed to the vehicle and must be constructed so that it does not present a hazard to road users.

Modification

7. A modification that affects a mudguard must be inspected and certified by a Low Volume Vehicle specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV certification (Table 10-3-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle is not fitted with an exhaust system that includes a means of sound reduction (Note 1).

Condition

2. An exhaust system is not securely mounted.

3. The exhaust system is so constructed or modified that its operation or effectiveness can be readily interfered with, eg the driver is able to interfere with the exhaust system by operating a manual switch.

4. The exhaust system is so constructed that emitted heat or fumes:

• are not directed away from, and prevented from entering, the vehicle’s passenger compartment (Note 2), or
• are likely to harm vehicle occupants.

Performance

5. There is a leak of exhaust fumes from the exhaust system.

6. The exhaust noise output from a heavy vehicle is noticeably and significantly louder than it would have been when the vehicle was manufactured with its original exhaust system

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine must be fitted with an exhaust system.

Condition

2. An exhaust system must not be constructed or modified in a way that allows a person to interfere readily with its operation or reduce its effectiveness.

3. An exhaust system must be designed, constructed, positioned and maintained in a way that minimises the risk of heat or fumes emitted from the system harming the vehicle’s occupants.

Performance

4. An exhaust system must be effective and in good working order.

5. The noise output from the exhaust system of a heavy vehicle must not be noticeably and significantly louder than the noise output from the vehicle’s original exhaust system at the time of the vehicle’s manufacture.

Modification

6. An exhaust system that is affected by a modification must meet the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Performance

1. A vehicle with the engine at normal operating temperature (Note 1) emits clearly visible smoke (Technical bulletin 8) from the exhaust tailpipe (Note 2):

a) for a continuous period of five seconds when the engine is idling and does not meet the additional requirements in Table 11-2-1, or

b) as the engine is being rapidly accelerated to approximately 2500rpm or approximately half the maximum engine speed (whichever is lower) and does not meet the additional requirements in Table 11-2-1.

2. A vehicle (other than group L vehicle or a class MA or MC motorsport vehicle with a valid motorsport authority card) that was first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 May 2010 and manufactured from 1 January 1990 has a catalytic converter (or diesel particulate filter (DPF) in the case of diesel powered vehicles) removed where there is evidence that one was originally fitted, and there is no written evidence issued by an entry certifier that the vehicle passed a prescribed metered emissions test in this condition (Note 5) (Note 6) (Figure 11-2-1).

Table 11-2-1. Additional requirements

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2007.

Performance

1. A motor vehicle must not emit clearly visible smoke (Note 2) when the vehicle’s engine is running at its normal operating temperature, under either of the following conditions:

a) for a continuous period of five seconds when the engine is idling

b) as the engine is being accelerated rapidly to approximately 2500 revolutions per minute or approximately half the maximum engine speed (whichever is lower).

2. Requirement 1 above does not apply if the driver of the vehicle produces documentation that proves that the engine is original equipment for the vehicle and the engine’s design means the vehicle cannot reasonably comply (Note 3).

3. The exhaust emissions system or exhaust control equipment of a vehicle (other than a group L vehicle or a class MA or MC motorsport vehicle) first certified for entry into service on or after 1 May 2008 and manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 must not be modified so as to prevent the vehicle from being able to pass a prescribed metered emissions test.

Technical Information

• www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/vehicle-failed-smoky-exhaust/smoky-exhaust-test.html
• Download a copy of the Exhaust emissions test certificate.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle does not have evidence of certification, ie:

a) the towbar was fitted before the last CoF inspection, and after 1 January 1997, and no LANDATA record has been entered,

Note Before 1 January 1997 certification was required but for inspection purposes the LANDATA record need not be checked

or

b) the towbar was fitted after the last CoF inspection and

i. a valid LT400 form has not been presented, or

ii. the HVS certifier was not of category HVET or HMTD or

c) there is no valid certification plate/label attached to the vehicle as required in Table 12-2-1.

2. A towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle before 1 April 2006 for towing a light trailer has not been certified as complying with at least one of the following:

• NZS 5467: 1993
• NZS 5446: 1987
• NZS 5446: 1987, amended by Appendix A to Policy Statement 5 for towbars rated for a maximum towed mass of 2000 kg or less.

3. A towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle on or after 1 April 2006 for towing a light trailer has not been certified as complying with NZS 5467: 1993.

4. The certification label or plate:

a) is not indelible, or

b) is illegible, or

c) is not complete, or

d) has expired (where expiry date is required under Table 12-2-1), or

e) is not attached to the towbar in an easily visible position, or

f) does not match the vehicle, or

g) has obvious signs of tampering.

5. A 50mm or 1 7/8-inch-diameter tow ball for towing a light trailer is not marked with:

a) the ball size, that is 50mm or 1 7/8 inch, or

b) the ball rating in kilograms.

6. A high rise towball is fitted to a heavy vehicle (see Figure 12-1-1).

Mandatory equipment

7. A towbar does not have provision for securely fitting the safety chain from a trailer coupling, except for:

a) New Zealand Armed Forces vehicles

b) fire fighting vehicles.

Condition

8. The towbar or towbar mounting:

a) is not securely attached, or

b) has a bolt or nut that is missing or significantly corroded, or

c) has corrosion damage within 150mm of the mounting points, or

d) is cracked or distorted.

9. The towbar coupling (towball):

a) is not securely attached, or

b) is worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or

c) is significantly corroded, distorted or cracked, or

d) has a nut that is missing or significantly corroded.

Revoked certifications

10. A towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle was last certified by Peter Wastney (PW) of Peter Wastney Engineering Ltd (for sample plates see Figure 12-1-2).

11. A towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle was last certified by Patrick Chu (ZC) of Transport and Structure Ltd (for sample plates see Figure 12-1-2).

Modification and repair

12. A modification or repair affects the towbar and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 12-2-2), or

b) is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii.no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVET or HMTD has been presented.

Table 12-2-1. Minimum information on towbar certification label/plate

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004
• Land Transport Rule: Passenger Service Vehicles 1999
• New Zealand Standard 5467: 1993, Code of Practice for Light Trailers
• New Zealand Standard 5446: 1987, Code of Practice for Heavy Motor Vehicle Towing Connections: Drawbar Trailers
• Policy Statement 5, Appendix A
• New Zealand Standard 5232: 1993, Specification for Ball-and-Socket Type Trailer Couplings.

Mandatory requirement

1. A towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle before 1 April 2006 must comply with and be certified to:

a) NZS 5467: 1993, or

b) NZS 5446: 1987, or

c) NZS 5446: 1987, amended by Appendix A to Policy Statement 5 for towbars rated for a maximum towed mass of 2000kg or less.

2. A towbar fitted to a vehicle on or after 1 April 2006 for towing a light trailer must comply with and be certified to NZS 5467: 1993. 3. The towball on a towbar fitted to a heavy vehicle must comply with NZS 5232.

Mandatory equipment

4. A towbar, if fitted to a vehicle, must have provision for securing the safety chain or cable from a trailer coupling, except if the vehicle is likely to tow any of the following trailers:

a) a trailer designed for armament purposes by the New Zealand Defence Force

b) a trailer pump for fire fighting purposes.

Condition

5. Towing connection components fitted to a vehicle must ensure that a secure connection can be maintained between the towing and towed vehicles under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

6. A modification or repair that affects the towbar must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVET or HMTD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 12-2-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.="new">

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A drawbeam fitted to a heavy vehicle, other than a tractor to which section 12-4 applies or a recovery service vehicle, does not have evidence of certification to NZS 5446, ie

a) the drawbeam was fitted before the last CoF inspection, and after 1 January 1997, and no LANDATA record has been entered,

Note Before 1 January 1997 certification was required but for inspection purposes the LANDATA record need not be checked

or

b) the drawbeam was fitted after the last CoF inspection and

i. a valid LT400 form has not been presented, or

ii. the HVS certifier was not of category HVET or HMTD, or

c) there is no valid certification label or plate attached to the vehicle as required in Table 12-3-1.

2. The certification label or plate:

a) is not indelible, or

b) is illegible, or

c) is not complete, or

d) is not attached to the drawbeam in an easily visible position, or

e) does not match the vehicle, or

f) has obvious signs of tampering, or

g) has expired.

Mandatory equipment

3. A hook- or pin-type coupling does not have a locking device or a separate means of retaining this device in the locked position.

Condition and performance

4. A towing connection component is:

a) damaged, deformed, cracked or has significantly deteriorated, or

b) worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or

c) not securely attached, or

d) missing, or

e) not mounted in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

5. The towing pin diameter is worn to less than (Note 1):

a) 36.4mm for a 40mm pin, or

b) 46.4mm for a 50mm pin.

6. A towing hook, pin or ball has been repaired or welded.

7. Towing connection components fitted to a vehicle must ensure that a secure connection can be maintained between the towing and towed vehicles under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

8. A drawbeam is sliding or adjustable.

9. Locking of the coupling is not readily verifiable by visual inspection.

10. A coupling locking device is in such condition that it is not effective.

Revoked certifications

11. A drawbeam fitted to a heavy vehicle was last certified by Peter Wastney (PW) of Peter Wastney Engineering Ltd (for sample plates see Figure 12-3-2).

12. A drawbeam fitted to a heavy vehicle was last certified by Patrick Chu (ZC) of Transport and Structure Ltd (for sample plates see Figure 12-3-2).

Modification and repair

(see Note 4)

13. A modification or repair affects the drawbeam and:

a) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

b) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i.no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from a HVS Certifier of category HVET or HMTD has been presented.

Table 12-3-1. Minimum information on drawbeam certification label/plate

*Prior to 1 December 2016 the engineer's job file number could have been used instead of the LT400 number.

**If these values are not applicable, ‘N/A’ must be used (from 1 October 2020). Prior to 1 October 2020 the plate may have a blank space or a zero, nil or N/A value.

For example:

• hinged drawbars do not have a vertical load rating
• most pintle hooks/eyes do not have a D value.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions and Mass 2002
• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004
• New Zealand Standard 5446: 1987, Code of Practice for Heavy Motor Vehicle Towing Connections: Drawbar Trailers
• New Zealand Standard 5446: 2007, Heavy Vehicle Towing Connections – Drawbeams and Drawbars.

Mandatory requirement

1. A drawbeam fitted to a vehicle used in a combination, (other than a tractor to which section 12-4 applies or a recovery service vehicle) must comply and be certified to NZS 5446.

Mandatory equipment

2. A hook- or pin-type coupling must have an effective locking device and a separate means of retaining this device in the locked position.

Condition and performance

3. Towing connection components fitted to a vehicle must ensure that a secure connection can be maintained between the towing and towed vehicles under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

4. A drawbeam used for towing a full trailer must not be sliding or adjustable.

5. Locking of the coupling must be readily verifiable by visual inspection.

Modification and repair

6. A modification or repair that affects the drawbeam must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVET or HMTD.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A tractor with a towing connection other than a three-point linkage does not have one or two attachment points to which safety chains from a trailer coupling can be securely attached.

Condition

2. A towing connection component including a safety chain attachment point is:

a) damaged, deformed, cracked or has significantly deteriorated, or

b) worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or

c) not securely attached, or

d) missing, or

e) not mounted in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

3. A coupling mechanism or safety locking device does not:

a) operate smoothly or effectively, or

b) fasten securely.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A tractor may be fitted with towing connections, including three-point agricultural linkages.

2. A tractor with a towing connection other than a three-point linkage must have one or two points for attaching trailer safety chains that each has a strength of at least twice the maximum mass of any vehicles that may be towed by the tractor by means of that towing connection.

Condition

3. Towing connection components fitted to a vehicle must ensure that a secure connection can be maintained between the towing and towed vehicles under all conditions of loading and operations for which the vehicle was constructed.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A fifth wheel is not designed to fit a 50mm or 90mm kingpin.

2. A fifth wheel or ball-type coupling fitted to a heavy vehicle does not have evidence of certification (unless excepted in Table 12-5-1), ie:

a) the coupling was fitted before the last CoF inspection, and after 1 January 1997, and no LANDATA record has been entered,

Note Before 1 January 1997 certification was required but for inspection purposes the LANDATA record need not be checked

or

b) the coupling was fitted after the last CoF inspection and

i. a valid LT400 form has not been presented, or

ii. the HVS certifier was not of category HVET or HMTD.

3. A 50mm-diameter fifth wheel, other than a rigid fifth wheel, has not been:

a) certified to NZS 5450: 1989, or

b) certified to all of the following:

i. Australian/New Zealand Standard 4968.1-2003, and

ii. Australian/New Zealand Standard 4968.2-2003, and

iii. Australian Standard 2174-2006, or

c) fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in compliance with UN/ECE Regulation 55 (if fitted to an imported vehicle).

4. A 90mm-diameter fifth wheel, other than a rigid fifth wheel, has not been certified to one of the following:

a) if fitted before 1 April 2005, NZS 5450

b) if fitted on or after 1 April 2005, both AS 2174 and AS/NZS 4968 (Note 1).

5. A rigid fifth wheel has not been certified to manufacturer’s specifications.

6. A vehicle that is fitted with a 90mm-diameter fifth wheel does not have ‘90mm fifth wheel’, where ‘90’ is at least 60mm high, clearly displayed in a position readily visible from the position from which the release handle of the fifth wheel is operated.

7. An ‘Operator Statement of Compliance with the Maintenance Requirements of NZS 5450: 1989’ (NZTA 4085A form) is:

a) not presented, or

b) incomplete (Note 2), or

c) not current, ie more than:

i. the time or distance specified by the fifth wheel manufacturer has elapsed or been travelled since the most recent inspection recorded on the form, or

ii. 30 days have lapsed or 15,000km has been travelled, whichever occurred sooner, since the most recent inspection recorded on the form, where manufacturer’s specifications are unavailable.

8. A vehicle is fitted with a ball-type coupling to tow a semi-trailer and:

a) is not certified to NZS 5446, or

b) does not have a valid certification label or plate attached to the vehicle as required in Table 12-5-2, or

c) is not part of a dedicated combination.

9. A required certification label or plate (ball-type couplings only):

a) is not indelible, or

b) is illegible, or

c) is not complete, or

d) is not attached to the vehicle in an easily visible position, or

e) does not match the vehicle, or

f) has obvious signs of tampering, or

g) has expired.

Condition and performance (Note 3)

10. A coupling or its mounting:

a) is not securely attached, or

b) bolt or nut is missing, significantly corroded or not suitable, or

c) is cracked, distorted or significantly corroded or has deteriorated, or

d) has corrosion damage within 150mm of the mounting points, or

e) pivot is seized, worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or not securely attached, or

f) is worn beyong manufacturer’s specifications.

11. The fifth wheel release mechanism:

a) is not in good condition, eg the handle is bent or damaged, or

b) does not operate freely (check only if presented without trailer attached).

12. The fifth wheel locking mechanism:

a) is not in good condition, eg jaws are worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications or out of adjustment, or

b) does not operate freely (check only if presented without trailer attached).

Modification and repair (Note 4)

13. A modification or repair affects the coupling and:

a) is not excepted from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 12-5-1), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVET or HMTD has been presented.

Table 12-5-1. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004
• New Zealand Standard 5450: 1989, Coupling Devices for Articulated Vehicles – Fifth Wheel Assemblies
• Australian Standard 1773-1996: Articulated Vehicles – Fifth Wheel Assemblies
• Australian Standard 1771-1996: Installation of Fifth Wheel and Turntable Assemblies
• Australian Standard 2174-1994: Articulated Vehicles – Mechanical Coupling between Prime Movers and Semi-Trailers – Interchangeability Requirements
• Australian Standard 2174-2006:Articulated Vehicles – Mechanical coupling between prime movers and semitrailers – Interchangeability requirements
• Australian/New Zealand Standard 4968.1-2003: Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling between articulated vehicle combinations – Design criteria and selection requirements for fifth wheel, kingpin and associated equipment
• Australian/New Zealand Standard 4968.2-2003: Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling between articulated vehicle combinations – Testing and installation of fifth wheel and associated equipment
• New Zealand Standard 5446: 1987, Code of Practice for Heavy Motor Towing Connections – Drawbar Trailers
• New Zealand Standard 5446: 2007, Code of Practice for Heavy Motor Towing Connections – Drawbeams and Drawbars
• UN/ECE Regulation 55:Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Mechanical Coupling Components of Combinations of Vehicles E/ECE/32 4 Rev.1/Add.54/Rev.1 E/ECE/TRANS/505A.

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle that is constructed to tow a semi-trailer must be fitted with either:

a) a 50mm-diameter fifth wheel, or

b) a 90mm-diameter fifth wheel, or

c) a ball-type coupling certified to NSZ 5446 and be operated as part of a dedicated combination.

2. A 50mm-diameter fifth wheel must comply with:

a) New Zealand Standard 5450: 1989, or

b) all of the following:

. Australian/New Zealand Standard 4968.1-2003: Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling between articulated vehicle combinations – Design criteria and selection requirements for fifth wheel, kingpin and associated equipment, and

ii. Australian/New Zealand Standard 4968.2-2003: Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling between articulated vehicle combinations – Testing and installation of fifth wheel and associated equipment, and

iii. Australian Standard 2174-2006: Articulated Vehicles – Mechanical coupling between prime movers and semitrailers – Interchangeability requirements, or

c) Despite the requirements in 2b) above, an imported vehicle that is constructed to tow a semi-trailer may be fitted with a 50mm diameter fifth wheel that complies with UN/ECE Regulation 55: Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Mechanical Coupling Components of Combinations of Vehicles E/ECE/32 4 Rev.1/Add.54/Rev.1 E/ECE/TRANS/505A.3. A 90mm-diameter fifth wheel installed before 1 April 2005 must comply with NZS 5450: 1989.

4. A 90mm-diameter fifth wheel installed on or after 1 April 2005 and before 29 December 2007 must comply with:

a) Australian Standard 1773-1996, and

b) Australian Standard 1771-1996, and

c) Australian Standard 2174-1994.

5. A 90mm-diameter fifth wheel installed on or after 29 December 2007 must comply with:

a) AS/NZS 4968, and

b) AS 2174.

6. A vehicle that is fitted with a 90mm-diameter fifth wheel must have, clearly displayed in a position readily visible from the position from which the release handle of the fifth wheel is operated, ‘90mm fifth wheel’ where ‘90’ must not be less than 60mm high.

7. A rigid fifth wheel fitted to a vehicle must be installed and maintained in accordance with the fifth-wheel manufacturer’s instructions.

Condition and performance

8. Towing connection components fitted to a vehicle must ensure that a secure connection can be maintained between the towing and towed vehicles under all conditions of loading and operations for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

9. A modification or repair that affects a coupling must be inspected and certified by a HVS Certifier of category HVET or HMTD unless the vehicle:

a) excepted from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 12-5-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Condition

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

2. A device fitted to a vehicle to restrict the field of swing of a driveshaft in the event of driveshaft failure is:

a) missing, where there is evidence that one was originally fitted, or

b) not securely attached, or

c) cracked, or

d) significantly deteriorated or damaged so that it is unlikely to prevent the driveshaft from striking the ground, chassis or floor in the event of driveshaft failure, or

e) showing evidence of contact with the driveshaft.

Modification

3. A modification or repair affects the engine or transmission and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 13-1-2), or

b) the modification is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and

i. no  LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEC or  HMCD has been presented.

Table 13-1-2. Requirements for HVS certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Permitted equipment

1. The vehicle may be fitted with a device to restrict the field of swing of a driveshaft in the event of driveshaft failure.

Condition

2. The transmission must:

a) be within safe tolerance of its original condition, and

b) have adequate strength and performance characteristics for the conditions and loading for which the vehicle was constructed.

3. A device fitted to a vehicle to restrict the field of swing of a driveshaft in the event of driveshaft failure must be within safe tolerance of its original condition.

Modification

4. A modification or repair that affects the engine or transmission must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEC or HMCD unless the vehicle:

a) excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 13-1-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Condition

1. There is a noticeable fuel leak from the fuel system.

2. There is corrosion damage (Note 1), cracking or other damage within 150mm of a tank mounting.

3. The security of the fuel tank is affected by:

a) corrosion damage (Note 1) insecure or loose tank mountings.

4. A fuel line is insecure or loose so that it is likely to be damaged during normal use of the vehicle.

5. A fuel pipe is severely damaged or excessively corroded.

6. A fuel hose is damaged or perished.

7. The fuel pump is insecure.

8. The fuel filler cap or capless fuel filler seal is missing, insecure or likely to allow fuel spillage when the vehicle is in normal use.

9. The fuel tank is fitted with a ‘temporary use’ fuel filler cap.

Modification

10. A modification affects the fuel system, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 13-2-1), or

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Table 13-2-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Note: All other fuel system modifications require certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004.

Condition and performance

1. Fuel tanks, fuel lines and associated components must be:

a) securely mounted, and

b) made of suitable materials, and

c) in good condition, and

d) free from significant leaks, and

e) positioned so that the risk of mechanical damage or heat gain is minimised.

Modification

2. A modification that affects the fuel tank and fuel lines must be inspected and certified by a Low Volume Vehicle Specialist Certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV certification (Table 13-2-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle that is equipped with an LPG or CNG fuel system that is in working order does not have a current alternative fuel inspection certificate (Note 1) (Note 2) (Figure 13-3-1).

Condition

2. An LPG or CNG fuel system component is:

a) loose, or

b) significantly corroded, distorted or cracked.

3. A gas line:

a) shows signs of corrosion damage (Note 3), such as pitting, or

b) is bulging, or

c) is insecure, or

d) is damaged, eg cut or crimping.

4. There is a noticeable gas leak.

5. There is corrosion damage, distortion or fracture within 300mm of a tank mounting

Figure 13-1-1. Alternative fuels certificate label

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002
• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Equipment 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle equipped with an LPG or CNG fuel system that is in working order must display a current alternative fuel inspection certificate.

Condition

2. An LPG or CNG fuel system must be in safe working condition.

Modification

3. The installation of an LPG or CNG fuel system is not a modification that requires certification by a LVV specialist certifier.

4. A modification to an existing LPG or CNG fuel system must be inspected and certified by an approved LPG or CNG fuel inspector or inspecting organisation.

Reasons for rejection

Condition

1. An electrical wire shows signs of:

a) overheating, or

b) chafing, or

c) other damage.

2. Electrical wires in a heavy vehicle are not:

a) insulated and protected from damage that could be caused by water, fuel, oil, other fluids, dirt or heat, or

b) clipped or otherwise gathered into looms with an insulating material, where this is practicable.

3. Electrical wires and looms are not:

a) appropriately and securely fastened to the vehicle to protect them from damage, or

b) protected from damage where they pass through holes in the vehicle structure.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Condition

1. The current ratings of the electrical wires in a vehicle must not be exceeded.

2. Electrical wires in a heavy vehicle must:

a) be insulated and protected from damage that could be caused by water, fuel, oil, other fluids, dirt or heat, and

b) if practicable, be clipped or otherwise gathered into looms with an insulating material.

3. Electrical wires and looms must:

a) be appropriately and securely fastened to the vehicle to protect them from damage, and

b) where they pass through holes in the vehicle structure, be protected from damage.

Reasons for rejection

Condition (Note 1)

2. High voltage batteries are:

a) insecure or not adequately secured

b) damaged or deteriorated (including components and electrical insulation)

c) leaking, or showing signs of leaking.

3. High voltage battery or wiring shields are damaged or not in place.

4. A high voltage component’s (eg battery) coolant system is leaking.

5. An electrical system warning lamp is illuminated. See Table 13-5-2 for examples.

Modification

4. A modification affects the electrical system, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for specialist certification (Table 13-5-1), or

b) is missing proof of specialist certification, that is:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid certification plate (eg low volume vehicle plate or heavy vehicle certification plate/label), or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card

iii. The vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Table 13-5-1. Modifications that do not require specialist certification

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance Rule 2002, section 7.4

Condition and performance

1. The vehicle must be safe to be operated.

2. The components and materials must be fit for their purpose and within safe tolerance of their state when manufactured or modified.

Modifications

3. A modification that affects the electrical system must be inspected and certified by an specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for specialist certification (Table 13-5-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A load anchorage point does not have evidence of certification to NZS 5444, ie:

a) the load anchorage point was fitted before the last CoF inspection, and after 1 January 1997, and no LANDATA record has been entered,

Note Before 1 January 1997 certification was required but for inspection purposes the LANDATA record need not be checked

or

b) the load anchorage point was fitted after the last CoF inspection and:

i. a valid LT400 form has not been presented, or

ii. the HVS certifier was not of category HVEA or HMAD, or

c) there is no valid certification label or plate attached to the vehicle (usually fitted to the left-hand chassis or coaming rail, or to the load platform) as specified in Table 14-1-1.

Mandatory equipment

2. A vehicle constructed to transport a load is not fitted with load anchorage points (hooks, rope rails, twist locks, tie-down rings, keyhole plates or chain slots), unless the vehicle is one of the following:

a) a vehicle fitted with a body that is specifically designed to contain the transported load without the use of lashings, chains or other devices, such as a tank body or a tipping body for transporting bulk goods (refer to section 3-1)

b) a vehicle fitted with a stock crate and stock crate retention devices (refer to section 14-2)

c) a curtain-sided body fitted with a load-rated curtain and curtain anchorage system (refer to section 14-5)

d) a vehicle fitted with logging bolsters (refer to section 14-3).

Condition

3. A certification label or plate:

a) is not indelibly marked, or

b) is illegible, or

c) is attached so that it is not easily visible, or

d) has details that do not match the vehicle, or

e) has obvious signs of tampering.

4. A load anchorage component:

a) is missing, or

b) is not securely attached, or

c) is cracked or deformed, or

d) has significant corrosion damage, or

e) is worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications.

Modification and repair

5. A modification or repair affects a load anchorage or its attachment and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 14-1-2), or

b) is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEA or HMAD has been presented.

Table 14-1-1. Minimum certification label and plate details required

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004
• New Zealand Standard 5444: 1989, Load Anchorage Points for Heavy Vehicles
• New Zealand Standard 5444: 2005, Load Anchorage Points for Heavy Vehicles (applicable from 1 June 2005).

Mandatory requirement

1. Load anchorage points (hooks, rope rails, twist locks, tie-down rings, keyhole plates and chain slots) must comply with and be certified to NZS 5444.

Mandatory equipment

2. A vehicle that is constructed to transport a load must be fitted with load securing equipment (Note 1).

3. A vehicle must have load anchorage points that are certified by an HVS certifier as complying with New Zealand standard 5444, unless the vehicle is one of the following:

a) a vehicle fitted with a body that is specifically designed to contain the transported load without the use of lashings, chains or other devices, such as a tank body or a tipping body for transporting bulk goods (refer to section 3-1), or

b) a vehicle fitted with a stock crate and stock crate retention devices (refer to section 14-2), or

c) a curtain-sided body fitted with a load-rated curtain and curtain anchorage system (refer to section 14-5), or

d) a vehicle fitted with logging bolsters (refer to section 14-3).

4. A load anchorage must be certified by an HVS certifier of category HVIA, HVMA or HVEA.

Condition

5. A certification label or plate must be:

a) clearly and indelibly marked, and

b) securely attached.

6. Load securing equipment that is fitted to a vehicle must be constructed to ensure that the load can be securely contained on the vehicle under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

7. A modification or repair that affects a load anchorage point must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEAor HMAD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 14-1-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

(see Technical bulletin 7: Stock crate retention)

1. A stock crate, including its retention devices (Figure 14-2-1), fitted to a vehicle with a GVM of 6000 kg or more, has no manufacturer’s plate certifying construction in accordance with NZS 5413, that specifies at least all of the following details:

• company name
• stock crate serial number
• date of manufacture of stock crate
• restraint capacity total in kilograms (not required for monocoque stock crates)
• restraint capacity individual in kilograms (not required for monocoque stock crates)
• number of restraints per side (not required for monocoque stock crates).

2. Stock crate anchorage points fitted to the deck have not been certified to NZS 5444, ie:

a) the stock crate anchorage points were fitted before the last CoF inspection, and after 1 January 1997, and there is no LANDATA record,

Note Before 1 January 1997 certification was required but for inspection purposes the LANDATA record need not be checked

or

b) the stock crate anchorage points were fitted after the last CoF inspection and:

i. a valid LT400 form is not presented, or

ii. the HVS certifier was not of category HVEA or HMAD, or

iii. there is no valid certification plate/label attached to the stock crate as required in Table 14-2-1. Refer to Technical Bulletin 7: Stock crate certification for details on the plating requirements for vehicles fitted with stock crates.

Condition

3. A certification label or plate:

a) is not indelibly marked, or

b) is illegible, or

c) is attached so that it is not easily visible, or

d) has details that do not match the vehicle, or

e) has obvious signs of tampering.

4. The stock crate’s external doors:

a) are not securely attached to the stock crate body, or

b) do not remain secure in a closed or locked position.

5. A J-hook assembly or other retention device, or an anchorage point:

a) is not securely attached, or

b) has a bush, fastener, washer, J-hook or other component missing or significantly corroded, or

c) is cracked or distorted, or

d) has cracks or corrosion damage on the stock crate within 150mm of the retention device attachment point, or

e) is not of a type suitable for retaining the stock crate, or

f) is worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications.

Modification and repair

6. A modification or repair affects the stock crate or its retention devices and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 14-2-2), or

b) is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEA or HMAD has been presented.

Table 14-2-1. Minimum certification label and plate details required

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004
• New Zealand Standard 5413: 1993, Code of Practice for the Manufacture and Use of Stock crates on Heavy Vehicles
• New Zealand Standard 5444: 1989, Load Anchorage Points for Heavy Vehicles
• New Zealand Standard 5444: 2005, Load Anchorage Points for Heavy Vehicles.

Mandatory equipment

1. A stock crate and its retention devices, if fitted to a vehicle with a GVM of 6000 kg or more, or be fitted with a stock crate plate (see Technical bulletin: Stock crate retention).

2. Stock crate anchorage points fitted to the deck of a vehicle must comply with and be certified to NZS 5444.

3. There is no valid certification plate/label attached to the stock crate or vehicle as required in Table 14-2-1.

4. Stock crate retention devices must be attached to the crate structure so as to transmit the restraint forces to the vehicle load platform or basic vehicle structure.

Condition

5. External doors shall be firmly fixed to prevent stock from being ejected onto the roadway.

6. Load securing equipment must be constructed to ensure that the load can be safely contained on the vehicle under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

7. A modification or repair that affects a stock crate anchorage point must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEA or HMAD unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 14-2-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A logging bolster attachment fitted to a vehicle that is required to be certified in Table 14-3-1 does not have evidence of certification.

2. A logging bolster attachment fitted to a vehicle certified to the Bolster Attachment Code (issue 1 May 2001 and issue 2 November 2010) does not have evidence of certification, ie:

a) the attachment was fitted before the last CoF inspection and there is no LANDATA record of the certification, or

b) the attachment was fitted after the last CoF inspection and:

i. a valid LT400 form is not presented, or

ii. the HVS Certifier was not of category HVEL or HMLD , or

c) individual bolsters are not stamped, indelibly labelled or marked to clearly identify their serial numbers, or

d) individual bolster attachments are not stamped, indelibly labelled or marked to clearly identify their serial numbers, or

e) the vehicle is not fitted on the left-hand chassis rail with at least one tag clearly identifying the bolsters, bolster attachments, bolster rating, HVS Certifier, bolster manufacturer, vehicle and expiry date.

3. A logging bolster attachment fitted to a vehicle certified to the Bolster Attachment Code (issue 27 November 1998) does not have evidence of certification, ie:

a) there is no LANDATA record of the certification, or

b) individual bolsters are not stamped, indelibly labelled or marked to clearly identify the bolster manufacturer, bolster serial number and rated bolster load, or

c) the vehicle is not fitted on the left-hand chassis rail with at least one tag to clearly identify the bolsters, bolster attachment, vehicle and expiry date.

4. A logging bolster attachment on a long-log logging vehicle fitted with a convertible (sliding or folding) bolster does not have evidence of certification required in Table 14-3-1, ie there is no LANDATA record of the certification.

Condition

5. A required certification label, plate, or marking is:

a) illegible, or

b) incorrect, eg serial numbers differ between the label and the bolsters, or

c) expired.

6. A log bolster or log bolster mounting, including a component such as a load cell, weld and fastener:

a) is missing, or

b) is not securely attached, or

c) is cracked or deformed, or

d) has significant corrosion damage, or

e) is worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or

f) has excessive wear between mating surfaces.

7. A sliding bolster locking device is:

a) missing, or

b) not effective, or

c) of an unacceptable type, eg air or hydraulic slide cylinder or chain drives.

Modification and repair

8. A modification or repair affects the log bolster or its attachment and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for HVS certification (Table 14-3-2), or

b) is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of HVS certification, ie the vehicle has been modified or repaired, and:

i. no LANDATA record has been entered, or

ii. no valid LT400 form from an HVS certifier of category HVEL or HMLD has been presented.

Table 14-3-1. Logging bolster attachment certification requirements

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004
• Bolster Attachment Code, issue 27 November 1998
• Bolster Attachment Code, issue 1 May 2001
• Bolster Attachment Code, issue 2 November 2010
• New Zealand Gazette, 14 January 1999, issue 1, page 64
• New Zealand Gazette, 27 May 1999, issue 60, page 1431
• New Zealand Gazette, 26 April 2001, issue 43, page 957.

Mandatory requirement

1. A logging bolster attachment fitted to a vehicle must comply with the requirements in Table 14-3-1.

2. Certification of a logging bolster attachment must be by an HVS certifier of category HVEL or HMLD .

Mandatory equipment

Bolster Attachment Code (issue 27 November 1998)

3. Individual bolsters must be stamped, indelibly labelled or marked to clearly identify the:

a) bolster manufacturer, and

b) bolster serial number, and

c) rated bolster load.

4. The vehicle must be fitted, on the left-hand side chassis rail as far as practicable in line with the front of the coaming rail, with at least one tag identifying the:

a) bolsters, and

b) bolster attachment, and

c) vehicle, and

d) expiry date.

Bolster Attachment Code (issue 1 May 2001 and issue 2 November 2010)

5. Individual bolsters must be stamped, indelibly labelled or marked to clearly identify their serial number.

6. Individual bolster mounts must be stamped, indelibly labelled or marked to clearly identify their serial number.

7. The vehicle must be fitted with at least one tag identifying the bolsters, bolster attachments, bolster rating, the HVS certifier, the bolster manufacturer, the vehicle and the expiry date.

Condition

8. Load-securing equipment that is fitted to a vehicle must be constructed to ensure that the load can be securely contained on the vehicle under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

9. A load-bearing structure must be of adequate strength for all conditions and loading for which the vehicle was constructed.

Modification and repair

10. A modification or repair that affects a log bolster attachment must be inspected and certified by an HVS certifier of category HVEL or HMLD , unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for HVS certification (Table 14-3-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A logging truck is not fitted with a cab guard, or the cab guard:

a) is not attached to the chassis, or

b) is not at least as wide and as high as the cab, or

c) has apertures that could allow any forward-moving logs to pass through the cab guard.

Condition

2. A cab guard on a logging truck, or a headboard, sideboard or tailboard:

a) is not securely attached, or

b) has a fastener that is missing or loose, or

c) is cracked or significantly distorted or corroded.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle constructed for the purpose of transporting timber logs must be fitted with a cab guard that:

a) is attached to the chassis, and

b) is at least as wide and as high as the cab, and

c) does not have apertures that could allow any forward-moving logs to pass through the cab guard.

Condition

2. A cab guard on a logging truck, and its attachment to the chassis:

a) must be strong enough to withstand load impact during loading, unloading and emergency braking, and

b) must not adversely affect the strength and durability of the chassis or cause damage to the chassis during heavy load impact.

3. A headboard, sideboard or tailboard fitted to a vehicle for the purpose of restraining a load on that vehicle must be of adequate strength to withstand load forces without incurring permanent deformation.

4. A headboard, sideboard or tailboard must be fitted to a vehicle in a way that ensures that the parts of the vehicle to which it is attached are able to withstand the forces exerted by the headboard, sideboard or tailboard without incurring permanent deformation.

Reasons for rejection

Condition

1. A load-rated curtain (Note 1) (Note 2):

a) is ripped, or

b) has deteriorated, resulting in weakening of the curtain material, eg crazing, brittleness or stiffness, or

c) has become detached from the frame, or

d) has been poorly repaired.

2. A load-rated curtain-tensioning system component:

a) is missing, or

b) is not securely attached, or

c) is damaged, cracked or deformed, or

d) has significant corrosion damage, or

e) is worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or

f) does not function correctly.

3. A non-load-rated curtain has deteriorated to such an extent that parts could come loose (Note 3).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Heavy Vehicles 2004.

Mandatory equipment

1. If a vehicle has a curtain-sided body that is constructed to secure a load on a vehicle, each curtain and curtain anchorage system must:

a) have a manufacturer’s load rating appropriate for all conditions of loading and operation of the vehicle, and

b) be clearly marked with the manufacturer’s load rating in kilograms per metre, in a position on the curtain that is readily accessible for inspection purposes.

Condition

2. Load-securing equipment that is fitted to a vehicle must be constructed to ensure that the load can be securely contained on the vehicle under all conditions of loading and operation for which the vehicle was constructed.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A heavy vehicle that requires a certificate of fitness (Note 1) does not have a certificate of loading (Note 2) displayed on the vehicle.

2. The vehicle is one of the following and the CoL is no longer valid:

a) the vehicle has been modified so as to require heavy vehicle specialist certification, or

b) the vehicle has been de-registered, or

c) an application for a change of use has been made (ie an MR14 has been completed) and the requirements for CoL differ for the new use, eg change from PSV to motorhome.

3. An invalid certificate of loading has not been surrendered to the vehicle inspector (Note 3).

Condition

4. A certificate of loading:

a) is illegible, or

b) is attached so that it is not easily visible, or

c) has details that do not match the vehicle, or

d) has obvious signs of tampering.

Figure 15-1-1. Certificate of loading

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002.

Mandatory requirement

1. A heavy vehicle that requires a certificate of fitness (Note 1) requires a certificate of loading (Note 2).

2. Before issuing a certificate of fitness, a vehicle inspector must determine that a current certificate of loading is still valid, if one or more of the following events has occurred since the current certificate of loading was issued:

a) the vehicle has been modified so as to require heavy vehicle specialist certification, or

b) the vehicle has been de-registered, or

c) an application for a change of use has been made under section 16 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 and the requirements for certificates of loading differ for the new use.

3. If a vehicle inspector has determined that a current certificate of loading for a vehicle is no longer valid, they must request the vehicle’s operator to surrender the certificate to the NZTA.

Mandatory requirement

1. The operator of a vehicle that requires a transport service licence (Table 16-1-1) has not notified (Note 2) the vehicle inspector of the transport service licence number under which the vehicle is operated.

Table 16-1-1. Requirements for transport service licences

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation

• Land Transport Act 1998 (section 30A).

Mandatory requirement

Business details

1. No certificate of fitness shall be issued in respect of any transport service vehicle unless the vehicle inspector has been notified of the transport service licence number under which the vehicle is being operated.