In-service certification (WoF and CoF) - Light PSVs

Correct as at 29th March 2024. It may be superseded at any time.

1 Vehicle identification

1-1 VIN and chassis number

Important Ensure that the VIN or chassis number is recorded in full on the checksheet.

This number must be:

  • the VIN if fitted – not the chassis number (locally allocated VIN)
  • the stamped VIN on the VIN plate – not the VIN etched on the glazing.

Also refer to Table 1-1-1. Location of New Zealand VIN numbers, Figure 1-1-1.  Structure of a VIN issued by the NZ Transport Agency and Figure 1-1-2. Structure of a VIN issued by the vehicle manufacturer.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirements

1. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand before 1 April 1994 does not have a VIN or chassis number (Note 1) (Note 3).

2. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand from 1 April 1994 does not have a VIN number (Note 1) (Note 3).

3. A VIN number is not valid (Note 1) (Note 2).

Condition

4. A VIN or chassis number has been (Note 1) (Note 3):

a) removed, or

b) erased, or

c) altered, or

d) defaced, or

e) obscured, or

f) destroyed, or

g) obliterated, or

h) affixed unlawfully or by unauthorised persons.

Note 1

The vehicle inspector must notify Waka Kotahi using the vehicle report form if there is reason to believe that the VIN or chassis number has been tampered with in any way.

The vehicle inspector must not issue a WoF/CoF/permit until approved by Waka Kotahi. Approval will usually include the issue or re-issue of a new VIN plate.

The vehicle inspector must not issue a WoF/CoF/permit if there is reason to believe that the VIN or chassis number has been tampered with in any way.

Refer the vehicle to a VIN issuing agent (VTNZ, VINZ, NZAA, Drivesure, CVC, i4Checkpoint). They will inspect the vehicle and seek approval from Waka Kotahi to issue or re-issue a VIN plate. Once the vehicle has been approved the vehicle may continue through the inspection process.

Note 2

A valid VIN is a unique number that has been assigned to the vehicle in the vehicle’s country of origin or by a person appointed by the NZTA. It consists of 17 characters that never contain the letters I, O or Q, and that is capable of being decoded to provide identifying information about the vehicle.

Note 3

If the vehicle is failed because the VIN/chassis is missing or unreadable, then 'not found' must be recorded in place of the VIN number on the check sheet.

Table 1-1-1. Location of New Zealand VIN numbers

Vehicle

Permitted VIN locations

Vehicles that are not forward controlled (passenger cars and off-road passenger vehicles)

  • In the engine compartment on the right-hand side of the firewall
  • In the engine compartment on the right-hand side adjacent to the front suspension mounting point
  • In a location inside the engine compartment approved by Waka Kotahi for a specified vehicle or vehicle model
  • On the firewall or inner guards so it is visible from the front of the vehicle.

Forward-controlled vehicles
(passenger vans and off-road vehicles)

  • In the passenger compartment, on the top of the right-hand side wheel arch adjacent to the seat cushion
  • In the passenger compartment, on the inner panel of the right-hand A-pillar, adjacent to where the floor meets the A-pillar
  • In the passenger compartment on the B-pillar.

Goods vehicles and light omnibuses

Vehicle with a separate chassis:

  • On the outside of the chassis adjacent to the right front wheel arch,

Vehicle without a separate chassis:

  • As specified for forward-controlled vehicles.

If the vehicle is unfamiliar, and the VIN or chassis number cannot be located, the vehicle inspector should contact the manufacturer’s agent or the local VIN issuing agent (VTNZ, VINZ, NZAA, Drivesure, CVC, i4Checkpoint).

Figure 1-1-1. Structure of a VIN issued by the NZ Transport Agency
Pre-29 November 2009

5

Post-29 November 2009

post 09.11.2009

Figure 1-1-2. Structure of a VIN issued by the vehicle manufacturer
  Car

manufacturer vin car

Truck

manufacturer vin truck

 

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory requirements

1. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand before 1 April 1994 must have a chassis number or VIN.

2. A vehicle first registered or re-registered in New Zealand from 1 April 1994 must have a VIN.

Condition

3. A VIN or chassis number must not have been removed, erased, altered, defaced, obscured, destroyed, obliterated or affixed unlawfully, or be unauthorised.

Page amended 1 October 2022 (see amendment details).

1-2 Vehicle details

Reasons for rejection

1. The number on the registration plate(s) is not the same as stated on the licence label.

2. The licence label does not correctly describe the vehicle

  • do not reject the vehicle if the label type is incorrect, eg 'B' or 'A'.

3. The WoF online or LATIS system does not correctly describe the vehicle.

Page added 1 October 2020 (see amendment details)

2 Vehicle exterior

2-1 External projections

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. The risk of a component (Note 5) hooking a vehicle, or hooking or grazing a person, has not been minimised, eg a bonnet or bumper has been removed, exposing sharp, moving or hot components.

2. An ornamental object or fitting (Note 2) protrudes in such a way that it is likely to injure a person.

3. A protruding object or fitting that has a functional purpose (Note 3) is not installed so that the risk of causing injury to a person is minimised, eg the object or fitting:

a) is of excessively heavy construction for the purpose for which it has been fitted, or

b) has sharp corners, or

c) slopes forward, unless this is necessary to fit the contours of the vehicle, or

d) has an unnecessarily wide gap between the object or fitting and the front of the vehicle, or

e) exceeds the vehicle’s width by more than 100mm on either side, other than side mounted glass sheet transport racks and collapsible side mirrors, or

f) is a glass sheet transport rack that is not fitted with a front flaring to minimise the risk of injury to a person.

4. A protruding component, object or fitting is not securely attached to the vehicle.

5. A protruding object or fitting adversely affects the driver’s vision or control.

Modifications

6. A modification (Note 4) affects an external projection – including a protruding object or fitting that has a functional purpose and affects the driver’s vision or control of the vehicle, and

a) is not excluded from the requirements for specialist certification (Table 2-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid vehicle certification plate (eg low volume vehicle plate or heavy vehicle certification plate/label), or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13 .

Note 1

The external projections requirements relate to the design and maintenance of objects and fittings that protrude from the exterior of the motor vehicle with regard to the safety of other motor vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists. The attachment of such objects and fittings to the vehicle is addressed in the Vehicle structure section of this manual.

Note 2

Ornamental object or fitting means an object or fitting that does not have a practical purpose, eg bonnet emblems.

Note 3

Functional object or fitting means an object or fitting that has a practical purpose, eg panniers, pack racks, spare wheel carriers, and so on.

Note 4

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing any structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with equivalent undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Note 5

Components include damaged, corroded and exposed body panels.

Table 2-1-1. Modifications that do not require specialist certification

Fitting of or modification to:

Specialist certification is not required provided that:

Body kits and components
(including utility canopies, plastic bumper skins and bonnet projections)

  • the fitting system does not weaken the vehicle structure (Note 8), and
  • no frontal impact components have been removed where the vehicle is required to comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard (Note 6)
  • the kit or components do not present any external projections that could cause injury, to the occupants or pedestrians, or present a snagging/hooking risk to a vehicle or person, and
  • the performance of any lamps is not affected as a result of the fitting of the kit or components, and
  • the driver’s vision has not been affected.

See also Table 3-1-1.

Side racks (for glass or other sheet materials)

  • there is no doubt as to the rack’s load carrying capacity, and
  • the rack is secured without weakening the vehicle structure (Note 8) and,
  • no forward-facing pedestrian traps exist (Note 9), and
    • the rack is designed and protected so that sharp or dangerous cargo cannot face directly forward projecting beyond the outside of the body.

See also Table 3-1-1.

Bumper bar (removal and change)  (Note 7)

  • the vehicle is not required to comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard (Note 6), and
  • does not weaken the vehicle structure (see Note 8), and
  • any changes to the bumper do not affect the performance of mudguards, or
  • a rear bumper bar has been replaced by a towbar crossmember.

See also Table 3-1-1.

Auxiliary bars (including bull bars, nudge bars, external roll cages and A-frames [or similar])

  • the vehicle is not required to comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard (Note 6)
  • the auxiliary bar:
    • presents no pedestrian traps (Note 9), and
    • is not angled forward except where necessary to clear the contours of the vehicle, and
    • presents no sharp edges or an external radius of less than 3mm
  • the winch either:
    • does not protrude forward of the front face of the bumper, or
    • does project forward of the bumper line but is fitted with ‘pedestrian-friendly’ shrouds to reduce trapping risk and present a larger forward-facing surface area
  • the vehicle is required to comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard and the auxiliary bar:
    • is a vehicle manufacturer supplied component for that vehicle, or
    • has been certified by the auxiliary bar manufacturer as frontal impact compliant (as may be indicated by a label).

Note that an auxiliary bar that does not meet the above minimum requirements is unlikely to meet LVV requirements and so cannot be certified.

See also Table 3-1-1.

A-frames
  • the A-frame meets all of the following requirements:
    • is attached to the chassis by means other than welding, and
    • the components are fit for purpose, and
    • the brackets remaining on the vehicle when the A-frame is removed are recessed behind the forward surface of the bumper by no less than 20mm, and
    • the brackets are fitted so that they do not bridge the vehicle’s crumple zones, and
    • the brackets are fitted so that they do not significantly stiffen the front of the vehicle.

See also Table 3-1-1.

Bonnet emblems or badges
  • the emblem or badge is designed and attached in such a way that it will fold back or break off in the event of contact, without leaving any sharp edges, or
  • the emblem or badge has no sharp edges, and is fitted flat to the bonnet with a thickness no more than 10mm.
Bonnet pins
  • the vehicle is not required to comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard (Note 6); and
    • the pins:
      • have no sharp edges/are rounded with radius more than 3mm, and
      • do not present any external projections that could cause injury, to the occupants or pedestrians, and
      • do not present a snagging risk
Ute trays

For vehicles first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 2021:

  • in-service requirements

For vehicles first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 2021:

  • the tray has no sharp edges and radiuses of not less than 3mm on every external edge, and
  • no forward-facing pedestrian traps exist (Note 2), and
  • the tray protrudes no more than 100mm from the widest part of the vehicle cab/body structure (excluding mirrors), or
  • the forwards edges of the tray are tapered rearwards at an angle of no less than 30 degrees from the tray’s front edge or have an equivalent, or better, form of pedestrian protection.

See also Table 3-1-1.

Fitting of or modification to:

Specialist certification is never required:

Aerials

  • in-service requirements for conditions and performance must be met.

Roof-mounted solar panels

Trunk racks

Roof-mounted wheelchair winch

Roof racks (except heavy PSVs)

Additional or substituted rear-view mirrors

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Note 6

The following vehicles with a GVM of 2500kg or less must comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard:

  • Class MA motor vehicles manufactured on or after 1 March 1999
  • Class MA motor vehicles that were less than 20 years old when they were first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 April 2002
  • Class MB and MC motor vehicles manufactured on or after 1 October 2003.
Note 7

Rear bumper removal must still meet external projection requirements.

Note 8

Heating, drilling, welding or cutting the vehicle structure, modifying a roof bow, or modifying any part of the structure anchorage would be considered to weaken the structure. Cutting a single layer of unstressed panel of sheet metal (ie roof) is not considered to weaken the vehicle structure. Drilling a hole suitable for a child restraint top tether does not require LVV certification.

Note 9

A pedestrian trap is any part of a vehicle that may hook, catch or pull/push a pedestrian into or under a vehicle. Vehicle components should be shaped to reduce injury to a pedestrian and to move the pedestrian away from the vehicle in the event of an incident.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. A motor vehicle may be fitted with a protruding ornamental or functional object or fitting.

Condition and performance

2. A protruding ornamental object or fitting must not be likely to injure a person.

3. A protruding object or fitting that has a functional purpose must be installed so that the risk of the object or fitting causing injury to a person is minimised.

4. Components of a motor vehicle, including damaged or corroded body panels, must be such that the risk of their hooking a vehicle, or hooking or grazing a person, is minimised.

5. A protruding object or fitting must not adversely affect driver vision or driver control.

Modifications

6. A modification that affects an external projection must be inspected and certified by a specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for specialist certification (Table 2-1-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 29 April 2020 (see amendment details).

2-2 Dimensions

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A rigid vehicle (Note 1) with a GVM of 3500kg or less exceeds the dimension requirements set out in Table 2-2-1 and is not a vehicle operating on a valid permit, exemption or approval.

2. A rigid vehicle that exceeds the dimensions set out in Table 2-2-1 is not fitted with the appropriate hazard warning equipment set out in Table 2-2-2.

Note 1

A rigid vehicle means a vehicle with motive power, driver’s position and steering system, that does not have any pivot points to allow any part of the vehicle chassis to move or rotate in relation to any other part of the vehicle chassis, but includes a pivot steer vehicle.

Note 2

The rear axis of a vehicle means:

  • if the vehicle is fitted with one rear axle: the centre of that axle
  • if the vehicle is fitted with a set of two axles: midway between those two axles if each axle has an equal number of tyres on it, or two-thirds of the distance from the lesser-tyred axle towards the greater-tyred axle, if one axle has twice as many tyres on it as the other axle.
Table 2-2-1. Dimension requirements (see Figure 2-2-1)

Dimension

Maximum distance

Comments

Width

2.55m

1.275m from each side of the longitudinal centreline

Measurement does not include:

  • collapsible mirrors which extend no more than 240mm from the side and 1.49m when measured from the vehicle's longitudinal centre line
  • direction indicators and side-marker lamps
  • cab exterior grab rails that extend no more than 1.325m when measured from a vehicle’s longitudinal centre-line
  • the bulge towards the bottom of a tyre
  • cameras or close-proximity monitoring systems mounted on the side exterior of a vehicle that extends not more than 70mm from the side wall of the vehicle
  • devices for improving the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle that extend not more than 25mm from either side of a vehicle.

Overall length

12.6m (no tow coupling fitted)

11.5m (tow coupling fitted)

Measurement does not include collapsible mirrors.

Height

4.3m

 

Forward distance

9.5m (no tow coupling fitted)

8.5m (including tow coupling if fitted)

Forward distance is measured from the rear axis (Note 2) to the front of the vehicle or its load whichever is foremost.

Measurement does not include collapsible mirrors.

Rear overhang

4m

Rear overhang is measured from the rear axis (Note 2) to the rear of the vehicle or its load whichever is the greater.

Front overhang

3m

Front overhang is measured from the front edge of the driver’s seat in the rearmost position to the front of the vehicle.

Articulated vehicle point of attachment

No further rearward than the centre of the rear axle (where the rear axle consists of only one axle)

No further than 300mm rearward of the rear axis (where the rear axle set consists of more than one axle)

Example: Fifth wheel fitted to a truck to tow a semi-trailer caravan
Table 2-2-4. Hazard warning equipment requirements for vehicles that exceed the dimensions in Table 2-2-3

(see Figure 2-2-3 for vehicle category thresholds) (Note 6)

Vehicle category
(see Figure 2-2-3)

Dimension

Limits
(up to and including)

Required hazard warning equipment

Category 1

Width/forward distance

2.55m  /11.4m, or

3.1m/10.5m, or

3.7m/8.5m, or

1. Flags1 or panels2 fitted on each side at the front and rear as close as practical to the outside edge (for alternative requirements for a mobile crane see (Note 7))
2. OVERSIZE sign3 fitted at the front and rear if more than 3.1m wide
Length 25m, or
Front overhang 7m, or
Rear overhang 7m

Category 2 (not including category 1)

Width/forward distance

2.55m  /13.3m, or

4.5m/8.5m, or

1. Panels2 fitted on each side at the front and rear as close as practical to the outside edge (for alternative requirements for a mobile crane see (Note 7))

2. OVERSIZE sign3 fitted at the front and rear if more than 3.1m wide

3. Amber beacon fitted so that it is visible to approaching traffic if the vehicle is more than 3.7m wide

Length 35m, or
Front overhang 10m, or
Rear overhang 10m

Category 3 (not including category 2)

Width/forward distance

2.55m  /20m

5m/20m

5m/8.5m

1. Panels2 fitted on each side at the front and rear as close as practical to the outside edge (for alternative requirements for a mobile crane see (Note 7))

2. OVERSIZE sign3 fitted at the front and rear

3. Amber beacon fitted so that it is visible to approaching traffic if the vehicle is more than 3.7m wide

Front overhang 10m, or
Rear overhang 10m

Category 4A (not including category 3)

Width/forward distance

11m/20m

11m/8.5m

1. Panels2 fitted on each side at the front and rear as close as practical to the outside edge (for alternative requirements for a mobile crane see (Note 7))

2. OVERSIZE sign3 fitted at the front and rear

3. Amber beacon fitted so that it is visible to approaching traffic if the vehicle is more than 3.7m wide

Front overhang 10m, or
Rear overhang 10m
Category 4BExceeding any limit in Category 4A

1. Panels2 fitted on each side at the front and rear as close as practical to the outside edge

2. OVERSIZE sign3 fitted at the front and rear

3. Revolving amber beacon fitted so that it is visible to approaching traffic if the vehicle is more than 3.7m wide

1 Flags:

  • must be fluorescent yellow
  • must be at least 400mm long x 300mm wide.

2 Hazard warning panels:

  • must be reflective yellow-green with a reflective orange diagonal stripe
  • comply with AS/NZS 1906.1:2007
  • be frangible for those portions which extend beyond the vehicle’s limits (frangible means breakable or readily deformable)
  • must be of at least the minimum dimensions and the colours specified in  Figure 2-2-2.

3 OVERSIZE  sign:

  • must be black lettering on a yellow-green background
  • must be at least 300mm x 1100mm in size
  • be frangible if any part of the sign extends beyond the body or load of the vehicle, whichever it is attached to (frangible means breakable or readily deformable)
  • may be in two parts: OVER and SIZE.
Figure 2-2-1. Dimension requirements

(Note: Dimensions in red updated in VDAM 2016)

LPSV dimensions

Figure 2-2-2. Hazard panel details

Hazard panels

Figure 2-2-3. Hazard panel location and orientation

5

Figure 2-2-4. Vehicle categories and width/forward-distance thresholds

vehicle categories

Use this figure to determine vehicle category in Table 2-2-2.
For the purposes of this figure, vehicles with a width less than 2.55m are deemed to have a width of 2.55m and vehicles with a forward distance of less than 8.5m are deemed to have a forward distance of 8.5m.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A rigid vehicle, or an articulated bus, with a GVM of 3500kg or less that exceeds the dimensions in Table 2-2-1 must meet the requirements in Table 2-2-2.

2. A vehicle may exceed the dimensions in Table 2-2-3 only if it is a vehicle operating on a valid permit, exemption or approval.

Page amended 1 June 2019 (see amendment details).

3 Vehicle structure

3-1 Structure

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. An open-bodied vehicle that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 January 2001:

a) has side walls that are less than 450mm above the highest point of the uncompressed seat cushion on the open-bodied part of the vehicle, or

b) does not have a permanent framework in addition to the side walls to provide reasonable protection for the occupants in the case of the vehicle rolling over, or

c) on any upper deck does not have any drains to prevent water from collecting on it or draining into the body of the vehicle.

Condition

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. The structural strength of a PSV has been reduced so that it does not provide reasonable protection for the occupants in the event of roof or wall deformation resulting from the vehicle rolling over, eg:

a) structural parts of the superstructure have been removed or substituted with parts that are of insufficient strength or not fit for purpose.

4. A body to chassis attachment, such as a weld, or fastener is:

a) missing, or

b) loose, or

c) cracked, or

d) broken, or

e) significantly corroded, or

f) otherwise in poor condition.

Modification

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. An open-bodied vehicle that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 January 2001 must:

a) on the open-bodied part of the vehicle have side walls that extend at least 450 mm above the highest point of the uncompressed seat cushion, and

b) have a permanent framework to provide reasonable protection for the occupants in the case of the vehicle rolling over, and

c) on any upper deck have drains to prevent water from collecting on it or draining into the body of the vehicle.

Condition

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. The structural strength must be maintained throughout the service life of the PSV.

4. The superstructure must be of robust design, and made of materials fit for the purpose.

5. The body of a PSV must be fit for its purpose and securely fixed to the chassis.

6. The structural strength of a PSV must be sufficient to provide reasonable protection for the occupants in the event of roof or wall deformation resulting from the vehicle rolling over.

Modification

7. Refer to general vehicle pages.

8. A modification that affects the vehicle structure must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier.

3-2 Stability

Reasons for rejection

Modification

1. A modification from 1 July 2000 affects the vehicle stability and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV certification (Table 3-2-1), or

b) is not for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services, or

c) is missing proof of LVV certification, that is the vehicle is not fitted with a valid low volume vehicle certification plate, or

d) is missing proof of certification from an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Table 3-2-1. Requirements for LVV certification

LVV certification is required

LVV certification is not required

1. Fitting of components to the roof, eg an air conditioning unit.

2. Changes in floor height or geometry, eg due to changes to suspension, wheel or tyre size.

1. Fitting of a roof rack

2. Any modification not listed in the left-hand column unless the vehicle inspector considers that certification is required because the modification or repair has affected the vehicle’s safety performance (a second opinion from an expert may be needed).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Modification

1. A modification, on or after 1 July 2000, that affects the stability of a light PSV must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 3-2-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

4 Lighting

4-1 Headlamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE is not fitted with one pair of dipped-beam headlamps.

2. A vehicle other than class LE is fitted with more than:

a) one pair of dipped-beam headlamps (Note 10) , or

b) two pairs of dipped-beam headlamps if the vehicle was first registered anywhere between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 1980, or

c) two pairs of main-beam headlamps.

3. A vehicle other than class LE is fitted with a headlamp that is not in a pair.

4. A vehicle of class LE is not fitted with one dipped-beam headlamp.

5. A vehicle of class LE is fitted with more than:

a) two dipped-beam headlamps, or

b) two main-beam headlamps.

6. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard headlamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

7. A device that allows the headlamps to flash alternately is fitted to a vehicle that is not an emergency vehicle or a pilot vehicle.

8. A vehicle is fitted with a dipped-beam headlamp where the maximum intensity of the beam is projected to the right.

Condition

(see Note 5)

9. A lamp is insecure, obscured, or contains dirt or moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

10. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

11. A lens or reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

12. A main-beam headlamp warning device is obscured from the driver’s vision.

Performance

13. When switched on, a headlamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber, or

b) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

c) not steady, or

d) not bright enough to illuminate the road ahead, eg due to modification, deterioration or an incorrect light source, or

e) too bright, eg due to the fitment of an HID or LED conversion kit (Note 8) or other incorrect light source (see also reason for rejection 19 below).

14. When the dipped-beam headlamps are switched on (with wheels pointing straight ahead):

a) a lamp does not operate, or

b) more than two lamps operate on dipped beam, or

c) more than four lamps operate on dipped beam on a vehicle first registered anywhere between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 1980, or

d) the light beam produces an incorrect beam pattern, is not focused, or is reduced or altered, or

e) the centreline of the light beam is too far to the left or slopes down too far so that the headlamp is no longer capable of illuminating the road at least 50m ahead (Figure 4-1-2), or

f) the centreline of the light beam projects to the right of the vehicle’s centreline, or projects from the lamp at an angle other than:

i. as specified by the vehicle or lamp manufacturer, or

ii. as specified in Table 4-1-1.

15. When the main-beam headlamps are switched on (with wheels pointing straight ahead):

a) a lamp does not operate, or

b) more than two lamps operate on main beam on a class LE vehicle, or

c) more than four lamps operate on main beam on a vehicle of group M or N, or

d) a vehicle first registered anywhere between 1 February 1977 and 31 March 1980 has a second pair of dipped-beam headlamps that continue to operate, or

e) the centreline of the light beam projects to the right of the vehicle’s centreline or up from the horizontal, or

f) the light beam produces an incorrect beam pattern, is not focused or is reduced or altered, or

g) the lamps are not capable of being switched to dipped beam or turned off from the driver’s seating position, or

h) a main-beam headlamp warning device, if fitted as original equipment, does not indicate to the driver that the main-beam headlamps are switched on.

16. A device fitted to a vehicle that allows the headlamps to flash alternately:

a) does not indicate to the driver that the device is activated, or

b) flashes:

i. faster than two flashes per second, or

ii. slower than one flash per second, or

iii. at a varying frequency.

17. Where a headlamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs) fewer than 75% of these operate.

Modifications

18. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

19. A headlamp is retrofitted with a type of light source other than that specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the headlamp manufacturer (eg a headlamp designed for a halogen bulb is fitted with any other type of light source such as an HID or LED bulb, or any other light source such as LED strips or non-OEM angel eyes) (Note 8).

20. Retrofitted headlamps are not fitted:

a) as a pair, or

b) symmetrically, or

c) as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

21. A retrofitted dipped-beam headlamp on a vehicle with a GVM of 12,000 kg or less is positioned at a height exceeding 1.2m from the ground (Note 9).

Note 1

An original equipment (OE) lamp is one that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in the original position, or is an equivalent replacement or aftermarket lamp suitable for the position provided by the vehicle manufacturer for that lamp. All other lamps are considered retrofitted (ie non-OE).

Note 2

If the dipped-beam headlamps are able to be adjusted from the driver’s seating position, the alignment must be checked with the adjustment at its highest position.

Note 3

If the vehicle is fitted with self-levelling suspension, the alignment must be checked with the suspension at its normal level.

Note 4

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Headlamp means a lamp designed to illuminate the road ahead of a vehicle, and that is a:

a) dipped-beam headlamp (single lamp), or

b) main-beam (high-beam) headlamp (single lamp), and includes a driving lamp, or

c) combination of a dipped-beam headlamp and a main-beam headlamp (dual-lamp unit).

Dipped-beam headlamp means a headlamp that is designed to emit a dipped beam, which is a beam of light that is angled downwards in such a way that it prevents undue dazzle or discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road users.

Main-beam headlamp means a headlamp that is designed to illuminate the road over a long distance ahead of the vehicle.

Note 5

If a headlamp is fitted with a readily removable cover, other than a clear protective cover, this must be removed for inspection of the headlamp.

Note 6

A vehicle originally manufactured with a headlamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original headlamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Note 7

A forward-facing permitted lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be removed from the vehicle.

Note 8

A high-intensity discharge (HID or Xenon HID) or LED conversion kit consists of an HID or LED bulb which fits into the original headlamp unit in place of the original bulb with no change to the headlamp lens, reflector or housing.

It is illegal to fit an HID or LED conversion kit to a vehicle as it brings the headlamp out of standards compliance by producing poor beam patterns and light that is often far too bright to be safe. The bulbs can also produce light that is noticeably blue and not the required substantially white or amber colour. Vehicle and headlamp manufacturers do not permit this modification, and these kits cannot be LVV certified.

It is permitted to replace a complete halogen headlamp unit with a complete HID or LED headlamp unit. If the vehicle is required to meet an approved safety standard for headlamps, only approved headlamps can be retrofitted (see Figure 4-1-1).

Note 9

The dipped-beam headlamps may be positioned at a height exceeding 1.2m if a road maintenance implement (eg, snowplough or roadsweeper) fitted to the front of the vehicle would obscure headlamps placed at a height of 1.2m or less.

Note 10

It is acceptable for a pair of dipped-beam headlamps to consist of one symmetric and one asymmetric dipped-beam headlamp. However, in some cases this may result in one lamp being noticeably brighter than the other lamp in the pair. In that case, the vehicle inspector may determine that the dipped beams differ noticeably in light intensity, and the lamps fail the inspection. Note that a beamsetter’s luxmeter cannot measure the light intensity of a dipped beam headlamp.

Table 4-1-1. Allowable dipped-beam headlamp alignment

Headlamp type

Distance from ground to centre of light source

Dip rate of beam centre:
lower and upper limits

Percent (%)

mm/3 m

Degrees (°)

EITHER

Any headlamp dipped beam

N/A

That specified by the vehicle or headlamp manufacturer

OR

Headlamp with an older style symmetric dipped-beam pattern (see Figure 4-1-2)

N/A

3.0–3.5

90–105

1.7–2.0

OR

Headlamp with a modern symmetric or asymmetric dipped-beam pattern and distance from ground to centre of light source (see Figure 4-1-2)

less than 0.8 m

1.0–1.5

30–45

0.57–0.85

0.8–1.2 m

1.0–2.0

30–60

0.57–1.15

more than 1.2 m

2.0–2.5

60–75

1.15–1.43

Table 4-1-2. Dipped-beam angle conversions

Percent (%)

mm/3 m

Degrees (°)

1.0

30

0.6

1.1

33

0.6

1.2

36

0.7

1.3

39

0.7

1.4

42

0.8

1.5

45

0.9

1.6

48

0.9

1.7

51

1.0

1.8

54

1.0

1.9

57

1.1

2.0

60

1.1

2.1

63

1.2

2.2

66

1.3

2.3

69

1.3

2.4

72

1.4

2.5

75

1.4

2.6

78

1.5

2.7

81

1.5

2.8

84

1.6

2.9

87

1.7

3.0

90

1.7

3.1

93

1.8

3.2

96

1.8

3.3

99

1.9

3.4

102

1.9

3.5

105

2.0

Figure 4-1-1. Approved headlamp standard markings

The following standard markings may assist in determining compliance with approved standards.

Figure 4-1-1. Approved headlamp standard markings

Vehicles required to comply with an approved headlamp standard are:

  • vehicles of class MA and NA manufactured on or after 1 January 1992
  • vehicles of class MB, MC, MD1, MD2, MD3, MD4, ME, NB and NC manufactured on or after 1 January 1996.
Figure 4-1-2. Minimum illuminated area

Figure 4-1-2. Minimum illuminated area

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than of class LE:

a) must be fitted with one pair of dipped-beam headlamps, and

b) may be fitted with one or two pairs of main-beam headlamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE:

a) must be fitted with one or two dipped-beam headlamps, and

b) may be fitted with one or two main-beam headlamps.

3. A vehicle first registered anywhere between 1 February 1977 and 31 March 1980 may be fitted with a second pair of dipped-beam headlamps that:

a) do not operate when the main-beam headlamps are switched on, and

b) may operate independently of the first pair of dipped-beam headlamps.

4. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

5. A vehicle required to meet an approved safety standard for lighting must continue to meet an approved safety standard for lighting.

6. A retrofitted dipped-beam headlamp on a vehicle with a GVM of 12,000 kg or less must be fitted at a height not exceeding 1.2 m from the ground (Note 9).

7. A warning device may be fitted that indicates that the main-beam headlamps are switched on.

8. An emergency vehicle or a pilot vehicle may be fitted with a device that allows the headlamps to flash alternately, provided it is also fitted with equipment that indicates to the driver that the device is activated.

9. A retrofitted pair of headlamps must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Prohibited equipment

10. A dipped-beam headlamp designed solely for a left-hand drive vehicle, where the maximum intensity of the beam is dispersed to the right, must not be fitted.

Condition (Note 5)

11. A headlamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured.

Performance

12. A headlamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

13. A headlamp must emit a steady light.

14. A headlamp must provide sufficient illumination and light output to illuminate the road ahead.

15. If fitted with a device that allows headlamps to flash alternately, the lamps must flash at a fixed frequency.

16. A pair of headlamps must emit light that is approximately of equal colour and intensity when switched on.

17. A headlamp must emit a beam that is substantially white or amber.

18. A main-beam headlamp must be capable of being dipped or turned off from the driver’s position.

19. A warning device that indicates that the main-beam lamps are in operation must be in good working order.

20. When the headlamps are switched on and the vehicle’s front wheels are pointing in the straight-ahead position:

a) the centre of a headlamp beam must be either parallel to or to the left of the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle, and

b) the centre of a main-beam headlamp beam must be either parallel to or dipping down from the horizontal, and

c) the centre of a dipped-beam headlamp beam must dip at an angle specified by the vehicle or lamp manufacturer, or:

i. 3–3.5% for a symmetric beam pattern, or

ii. 1–1.5% for an asymmetric beam pattern where the centre of the light source is less than 0.8 m from the ground, or

iii. 1–2% for an asymmetric beam pattern where the centre of the light source is 0.8–1.2 m from the ground, or

iv. 2–2.5% for an asymmetric beam pattern where the centre of the light source is above 1.2 m from the ground.

21. The dipped-beam headlamps must illuminate the road ahead for 50 m in normal darkness.

22. Where a headlamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

23. A device fitted to a vehicle that allows the headlamps to flash must:

a) make the headlamps flash alternately at a frequency of 1–2 Hertz, and

b) incorporate equipment that indicates to the driver that the device is activated.

24. A headlamp must be fitted with a light source that is specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the headlamp manufacturer.

Modifications (Note 4)

25. A headlamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 1 April 2021 (see amendment details).

4-2 Front and rear fog lamps

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A group M or N vehicle is fitted with:

a) only one front fog lamp, or

b) more than one pair of front fog lamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE is fitted with more than two front fog lamps.

3. A vehicle is fitted with more than two rear fog lamps.

4. A retrofitted pair of fog lamps is not fitted:

a) symmetrically, or

b) as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable, or

c) positioned higher than the dipped-beam headlamps.

Condition

(see Note 3)

5. A lamp is insecure or contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles .

6. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

7. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

8. A fog lamp warning device, if fitted, is obscured from the driver’s vision.

Performance

9. When switched on, a front fog lamp does not operate (Note 5).

10. When switched on, a front fog lamp emits light that:

a) is not projected to the front, or

b) produces an incorrect beam pattern (Figure 4-2-1), or

c) is not substantially white or amber to the front, or

d) is not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in the pair, or

e) is not steady, or

f) is not bright enough to illuminate the road ahead in conditions of severely reduced visibility, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source, or

g) is too bright, and could dazzle other road users, eg due to the fitment of an HID conversion kit (Note 6) or an incorrect , or

h) is altered, eg due to damage or modification, or

i) has a beam centre to the right of the vehicle’s centreline, or

j) has a beam that is not permanently dipped, or

k) has a beam centre that dips at an angle of less than 3% (Figure 4-2-1).

11. When switched on, a rear fog lamp emits light that is:

a) not projected to the rear, or

b) not diffuse, or

c) not substantially red, or

d) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

e) of variable intensity, or

f) not bright enough to indicate the presence of the vehicle from the rear in conditions of severely reduced visibility, eg due to modification, deterioration or an incorrect light source, or

g) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

12. A fog lamp cannot be switched off from the driver’s seating position.

13. Where a fog lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

14. A fog lamp warning device, if fitted, does not operate.

Note 1

Fog lamp means a high-intensity front or rear lamp designed to aid the driver or other road users in conditions of severely reduced visibility, including fog or snow, but not including clear atmospheric conditions under the hours of darkness.

Note 2

A rear fog lamp that does not comply with equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 3

If a front fog lamp is fitted with a readily removable cover, other than a clear protective cover, this must be removed for inspection of the fog lamp.

Note 4

A vehicle originally manufactured with a front- or rear-fog-lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original front or rear fog lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Note 5

A forward-facing permitted lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply, be removed from the vehicle, or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 6

A high-intensity discharge (HID or Xenon HID) conversion kit consists of an HID bulb with a high voltage power output or ‘ballast’ which fits into the original headlamp unit in place of the original bulb with no change to the headlamp lens, reflector or housing. It is illegal to fit an HID conversion kit to a vehicle as it brings the headlamp out of standards compliance by producing poor beam patterns and light that is far too bright to be safe. The bulbs can also produce light that is noticeably blue and not the required substantially white or amber colour. Vehicle and headlamp manufacturers do not permit this modification, and these kits cannot be LVV certified. It is permitted to replace a complete halogen headlamp unit with a complete HID headlamp unit.

Figure 4-2-1. Front fog lamp characteristics

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE: one pair of front fog lamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE: one or two front fog lamps.

3. One or two rear fog lamps.

4. A retrofitted pair of fog lamps must be symmetrically mounted as far as is practicable towards each side of the vehicle.

5. A retrofitted front fog lamp must not be positioned higher than the dipped-beam headlamps.

6. A vehicle may be fitted with a warning device that indicates that a front or rear fog lamp is in operation.

Condition

7. A front fog lamp must be in sound condition.

8. A rear fog lamp must be in sound condition if it emits a light.

Performance

9. A fog lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

10. A fog lamp must emit a steady light.

11. A front fog lamp must provide sufficient light output to illuminate the road ahead in conditions of severely reduced visibility.

12. A rear fog lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate the presence of the vehicle on the road in conditions of severely reduced visibility.

13. The light emitted from a front fog lamp must be substantially white or amber.

14. The light emitted from a rear fog lamp must be diffuse and substantially red in colour.

15. A pair of fog lamps must emit light that is approximately equal in colour and intensity.

16. The centre of a front fog lamp beam must be parallel to or to the left of the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle.

17. The centre of a front fog lamp beam must be permanently dipped at an angle of at least 3%.

18. A fog lamp must be able to be turned off from the driver’s seating position.

19. A front or rear fog lamp warning device must be in good working order.

20. Where a fog lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

22. A fog lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Page amended 1 April 2021 (see amendment details).

4-3 Cornering lamps

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle is fitted with:

a) only one lamp, or

b) more than one pair of lamps, or

c) a lamp that either:

i. was not originally fitted by the vehicle manufacturer, or

ii. is not fitted in the original position.

Condition

2. A lamp is insecure.

3. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

4. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

5. When activated by switching on the direction indicator lamp or by turning the steering wheel, a cornering lamp:

a) does not operate, or

b) does not project in the direction of the turn.

6. A cornering lamp emits light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber, or

b) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in the pair, or

c) not steady, or

d) not bright enough to illuminate the road ahead in the direction of the turn, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or or an incorrect light source, or

e) too bright causing dazzle to other road users, eg due to an incorrect light source or misalignment, or

f) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

7. Where a cornering lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Note 1

Cornering lamp means a lamp designed to emit light at the front of a vehicle to supplement the vehicle’s headlamps by illuminating the road ahead in the direction of the turn.

Note 2

An original equipment (OE) lamp is one that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in the original position, or is an equivalent replacement or aftermarket lamp suitable for the position provided by the vehicle manufacturer for that lamp. All other lamps are considered retrofitted (ie non-OE).

Note 3

A vehicle originally manufactured with a cornering lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original cornering lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Note 4

A forward-facing permitted lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. One pair of cornering lamps fitted as OE.

Condition

2. A cornering lamp must be in sound condition.

Performance

3. A cornering lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

4. A cornering lamp must emit light that is substantially white or amber.

5. A pair of cornering lamps must emit light that is approximately equal in colour and intensity.

6. A cornering lamp must emit a steady light.

7. A cornering lamp must provide sufficient light output to illuminate the road ahead in the direction of the turn.

8. A cornering lamp must be correctly aligned.

9. Where a cornering lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

10. A cornering lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

4-4 Daytime running lamps

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE is fitted with:

a) only one lamp, or

b) more than one pair of lamps.

2. A vehicle of class LE is fitted with more than two lamps.

3. A lamp is fitted in a position other than at the front of the vehicle.

4. A retrofitted lamp is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

5. A lamp is insecure.

6. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

7. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

8. When switched on, a daytime running lamp does not operate (Note 4).

9. When switched on, a daytime running lamp emits light that is:

a) projected in a direction other than to the front, or

b) not substantially white or amber, or

c) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in the pair, or

d) not steady, or

e) not bright enough to make the vehicle more easily seen during the daytime, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or or an incorrect light source, or

f) too bright, causing significant dazzle to other road users, eg due to an incorrect light source, or

g) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

10. Where a daytime running lamp comprises an array of light sources, fewer than 75% of these operate.

11. A daytime running lamp continues to operate when the headlamps or fog lamps are switched on.

Note 1

Daytime running lamp means a lamp designed to emit a low-intensity light forward of a vehicle to make it more easily seen in the daytime.

Note 2

A vehicle originally manufactured with a daytime running lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original daytime running lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Note 3

A forward-facing permitted lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 4

Some vehicles are equipped with OE or after-market daytime running lamps (DRLs) that also incorporate position lamp and direction indicator lamp functions. When the DRLs are on (when headlamps are off), and an indicator lamp is activated, the corresponding DRL is temporarily extinguished or dimmed. When the position lamps are on and an indicator lamp is activated, the corresponding position lamp may remain lit.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE may have: one pair of daytime running lamps fitted to the front of the vehicle.

2. A vehicle of class LE may have one or two daytime running lamps fitted to the front of the vehicle.

3. A retrofitted lamp must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

4. A daytime running lamp must be in sound condition.

Performance

5. A daytime running lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

6. A daytime running lamp must emit light that is substantially white or amber.

7. A pair of daytime running lamps must emit light that is of approximately equal colour and intensity.

8. A daytime running lamp must emit a steady light.

9. A daytime running lamp must provide sufficient light output to make the vehicle more easily seen during the daytime.

10. A daytime running lamp must be correctly aligned.

11. A daytime running lamp must not operate when a front fog lamp or a headlamp is in use.

12. Where a daytime running lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

13. A daytime running lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

4-5 Direction indicator lamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle of class LE first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 is not fitted with one pair of lamps to the front and one pair of lamps to the rear.

2. A vehicle of class LE first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 is fitted with more than one pair of lamps to the front or more than one pair of lamps to the rear.

3. A vehicle other than class LE first registered anywhere on or after 1 July 1967 is not fitted with one pair of lamps to the front and one pair of lamps to the rear.

4. A vehicle is fitted with more than:

a) two pairs of lamps to the front, or

b) two pairs of lamps to the rear, or

c) three pairs of lamps (including top-mounted lamps) to the rear if the vehicle is an emergency vehicle.

5. An emergency vehicle is fitted at the rear with:

a) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

b) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

6. A vehicle is fitted with more than two side-facing lamps on each side of the vehicle.

7. A vehicle is fitted with a lamp that is not in a pair.

8. A vehicle is not fitted with a visual lamp indicator device that indicates to the driver that a lamp has failed ( only where one was fitted as original equipment).

9. A retrofitted lamp is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

10. A retrofitted lamp, other than a top-mounted lamp on an emergency vehicle, is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle).

11. A vehicle (eg avintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard direction indicator lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

Condition

12. A lamp is insecure or, if a mandatory lamp, contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

13. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

14. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

15. A visual lamp-failure warning device is obscured from the driver in the driver’s seating position.

Performance

16. When switched on, a direction indicator lamp:

a) does not operate, or

b) does not begin flashing within one second of switching on, or

c) flashes:

i. faster than two flashes per second, or

ii. slower than one flash per second, or

iii. at a different rate from other lamps on the same side.

17. When switched on, a direction indicator lamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber to the front, or

b) not substantially amber or red to the rear, or

c) not substantially amber to the side, or

d) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

e) not bright enough to be visible from 100m in normal daylight and from 200m in normal darkness, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source, or

f) too bright causing significant dazzle to other road users, eg due to an incorrect light source , or

g) altered, eg due to damage or modification.

18. A non-OE mandatory lamp mounted outside the original position emits a light that is not visible within (Figure 4-5-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard or 80˚ outboard.

19. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

20. A modification to the vehicle has reduced the visibility angles of a mandatory lamp to less than (Figure 4-5-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard or 80˚ outboard.

21. On a vehicle of American origin fitted with combined stop and indicator lamps, the stop lamp function is not overridden by the indicator function.

22. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

23. A visual lamp indicator device does not operate.

Note 1 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Direction indicator lamp means a lamp designed to emit a flashing light to signal the intention of the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the left.

Note 2

A permitted (ie non-mandatory) rear or a non-OE side-facing direction indicator lamp that does not comply with equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 3

An original equipment (OE) lamp is one that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in the original position, or is an equivalent replacement or aftermarket lamp suitable for the position provided by the vehicle manufacturer for that lamp. All other lamps are considered retrofitted (ie non-OE).

Note 4

Vehicles first registered in New Zealand before 27 February 2005 may have rear direction indicator lamps that also function as reversing lamps.

Note 5

A vehicle originally manufactured with a direction indicator lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original direction indicator lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Note 6

A forward-facing permitted lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be removed from the vehicle.

Note 7

Some vehicles are equipped with OE or after-market daytime running lamps (DRLs) that also incorporate position lamp and direction indicator lamp functions. When the DRLs are on (when headlamps are off), and an indicator lamp is activated, the corresponding DRL is temporarily extinguished or dimmed. When the position lamps are on and an indicator lamp is activated, the corresponding position lamp may remain lit.

Figure 4-5-1. Direction indicator beam angles

direction indicator beam angles

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle other than class LE first registered anywhere before 1 July 1967 may be fitted with one or two pairs of lamps to the front and one or two pairs of lamps to the rear of the vehicle.

2. A vehicle other than class LE first registered anywhere on or after 1 July 1967 must be fitted with one or two pairs of lamps to the front and one or two pairs of lamps to the rear of the vehicle.

3. A vehicle of class LE first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 may be fitted with one pair of lamps to the front and one pair of lamps to the rear of the vehicle.

4. A vehicle of class LE first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 must be fitted with one or two pairs of lamps to the front and one or two pairs of lamps to the rear of the vehicle.

5. An emergency vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of indicator lamps at the rear of the vehicle that must be symmetrically mounted as near to the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

6. A vehicle may be fitted with one or two side-facing lamps on each side.

7. A suitable device must be fitted that indicates to the driver the failure of a mandatory lamp.

8. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

9. A retrofitted pair of lamps, other than top-mounted lamps, must be mounted:

a) symmetrically as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable, and

b) at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5 m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1 m.

10. On vehicles of American origin, the stop lamp and direction indicator lamp function may be combined in one lamp.

Condition

11. A direction indicator lamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured (if a mandatory lamp).

Performance

12. A direction indicator lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

13. A direction indicator lamp must emit a light that is substantially:

a) white or amber to the front, and

b) red or amber to the rear, and

c) amber to the side.

14. A lamp must flash at a fixed frequency in the range of 1–2 Hertz.

15. Each lamp in a pair must, when operated, emit a light of approximately equal intensity, colour and frequency.

16. The lamp-failure indicating device must function.

17. A lamp must emit a light that is visible from 100m during normal daylight and 200m in normal darkness.

18. A retrofitted mandatory lamp must emit a light that is visible within angles of

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, and

b) 45˚ inboard, and

c) 80˚ outboard.

19. If a vehicle of American origin is fitted with combined stop and indicator lamps, the indicator lamps must override the stop lamps so that the stop lamps operate as direction indicators.

20. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications (Note 1)

21. A direction indicator lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

4-6 Forward-facing position lamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. One pair of lamps is not fitted to:

a) a vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 that exceeds 1.5m in width, or

b) a vehicle that exceeds 2m in width.

2. A vehicle is fitted with more than:

a) one pair of lamps, or

b) two single lamps.

3. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard forward-facing position lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

4. A retrofitted lamp is mounted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle).

5. A retrofitted pair of lamps is:

a) not symmetrically mounted, or

b) not mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

6. A lamp is insecure or, if a mandatory lamp, contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

7. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

8. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

9. When switched on, a forward-facing position lamp does not operate (Note 5).

10. When switched on, a forward-facing position lamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber, or

b) not diffuse, or

c) not projected to the front, or

d) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

e) not steady, or

f) not bright enough to be visible from 200m in normal darkness, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source, or

g) is altered, eg due to damage or modification.

11. A non-OE mandatory lamp mounted outside the original position emits a light that is not visible within (Figure 4-6-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard or 80˚ outboard.

12. A modification to the vehicle has reduced the visibility angles of a mandatory lamp to less than (Figure 4-6-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard or 80˚ outboard.

13. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

14. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Note 1 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Position lamp means a low-intensity lamp that is designed to indicate to road users the presence and dimensions of a vehicle, being:

a) a forward-facing position lamp (front side lamp), or

b) a rearward-facing position lamp (rear side lamp or tail lamp), or

c) a side-marker lamp, or

d) an end-outline marker lamp (including cab roof lamp).

Note 2

An original equipment (OE) lamp is one that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in the original position, or is an equivalent replacement or aftermarket lamp suitable for the position provided by the vehicle manufacturer for that lamp. All other lamps are considered retrofitted (ie non-OE).

Note 3

A vehicle originally manufactured with a forward-facing position lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original forward-facing position lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Note 4

A forward-facing permitted lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be removed from the vehicle.

Note 5

Some vehicles are equipped with OE or after-market daytime running lamps (DRLs) that also incorporate position lamp and direction indicator lamp functions. When the DRLs are on (when headlamps are off), and an indicator lamp is activated, the corresponding DRL is temporarily extinguished or dimmed. When the position lamps are on and an indicator lamp is activated, the corresponding position lamp may remain lit.

Figure 4-6-1. Forward-facing position lamp beam angles

forward-facing position lmap beam angles

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. One pair of lamps must be fitted to:

a) a vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 that exceeds 1.5m in width

b) a vehicle that exceeds 2m in width.

2. One or two lamps may be fitted to:

a) a vehicle that does not exceed 1.5m in width

b) a vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 that does not exceed 2m in width.

3. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

4. A retrofitted pair of lamps must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

5. A retrofitted lamp must be mounted at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

6. A forward-facing position lamp must:

a) be in sound condition

b) not be obscured (if a mandatory lamp).

Performance

7. A forward-facing position lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

8. A lamp must emit a light that is:

a) diffuse, and

b) substantially white or amber, and

c) steady, and

d) sufficient to indicate to other road users the presence and dimensions of the vehicle, and

e) visible from 200m in normal darkness, and

f) of approximately equal intensity and colour to the other lamp of a pair.

9. A retrofitted mandatory lamp must be visible within angles of:

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, and

b) 45˚ inboard, and

c) 80˚ outboard.

10. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications (Note 1)

11. A forward-facing position lamp that is affected by a modification must meet the equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

4-7 Rearward-facing position lamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 that is more than 1.5m wide:

a) is not fitted with one pair of lamps, or

b) is fitted with more than two pairs of lamps, or

c) is fitted with a lamp that is not in a pair, or

d) is an emergency vehicle and is fitted with more than three pairs of lamps, including top-mounted lamps.

2. A group M or N vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 or is less than 1.5m wide is:

a) not fitted with one single lamp or one pair of lamps, or

b) fitted with more than one single lamp, or

c) fitted with more than two pairs of lamps.

3. An emergency vehicle is fitted with:

a) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

b) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

4. A class LE vehicle that was first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 or that is less than 1.5m wide is not fitted with at least one lamp.

5. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard rearward-facing position lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

6. A retrofitted lamp, other than a top-mounted lamp on an emergency vehicle, is mounted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle).

7. A retrofitted pair of lamps:

a) is not symmetrically mounted, or

b) is not mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

8. A lamp is insecure or, if a mandatory lamp, contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

9. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

10. A lamp’s reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

11. When switched on, a mandatory lamp does not operate.

12. When switched on, a lamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially red, or

b) not diffuse, or

c) not projected to the rear, or

d) not approximately equal in colour or intensity from that of the other lamp in a pair, or

e) not steady, or

f) not bright enough to be visible from 200m in normal darkness, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source, or

g) is altered, eg due to damage or modification.

13. A non-OE mandatory lamp mounted outside the original position emits a light that is not visible within (Figure 4-7-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard or 80˚ outboard.

14. A modification to the vehicle has reduced the visibility angles of a mandatory lamp to less than (Figure 4-7-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard or 80˚ outboard.

15. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

16. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Note 1 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Position lamp means a low-intensity lamp that is designed to indicate to road users the presence and dimensions of a vehicle, being:

a) a forward-facing position lamp (front side lamp), or

b) a rearward-facing position lamp (rear side lamp or tail lamp), or

c) a side-marker lamp, or

d) an end-outline marker lamp (including cab roof lamp).

Note 2

A permitted rearward-facing position lamp that does not comply with equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 3

An original equipment (OE) lamp is one that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in the original position, or is an equivalent replacement or aftermarket lamp suitable for the position provided by the vehicle manufacturer for that lamp. All other lamps are considered retrofitted (ie non-OE).

Note 4

A vehicle originally manufactured with a rearward-facing position lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original rearward-facing position lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Figure 4-7-1. Rearward-facing position lamp beam angles

Rearward-facing position lamp beam angles

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 and that is more than 1.5m wide must be fitted with one or two pairs of rearward-facing position lamps.

2. A vehicle of group M or N that was first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 or that does not exceed 1.5m in width must be fitted with:

a) one single rearward-facing position lamp in the centre or to the right of the centre of the vehicle, or

b) one or two pairs of rearward-facing position lamps.

3. A vehicle of class LE that was first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 or that does not exceed 1.5m in width must be fitted with at least one rearward-facing position lamp.

4. An emergency vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of lamps that must be symmetrically mounted as near the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

5. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

6. A retrofitted pair of lamps, other than top-mounted lamps, must be mounted:

a) symmetrically as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable, and

b) at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m.

Condition

7. A rearward-facing position lamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured (if a mandatory lamp).

Performance

8. A rearward-facing position lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

9. A lamp must emit a light that is:

a) diffuse, and

b) substantially red.

10. A lamp must emit a steady light.

11. A lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate to other road users the presence and dimensions of the vehicle.

12. A lamp must emit light that is visible from a distance of 200m in normal darkness.

13. A retrofitted mandatory lamp must be visible within angles of 15˚ above and below the horizontal, and within 45˚ inboard and 80˚ outboard.

14. Each lamp in a pair must, when operated, emit a light of approximately equal intensity and colour.

15. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications (Note 4)

16. A rearward-facing position lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

4-8 Side-marker lamps

Reasons for rejection

Permitted and prohibited equipment

1. A side-marker lamp is not positioned so that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions.

2. A vehicle less than 6m in length is fitted with a side-marker lamp, unless the vehicle is a production vehicle and the lamp is fitted as original equipment by the vehicle manufacturer.

3. A vehicle manufactured before 1 January 2006 has a forward-facing side-marker lamp that emits light that is not substantially white or amber.

4. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 2006 has a forward-facing side-marker lamp that emits light that is not substantially amber.

Condition

5. A lamp is insecure.

6. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

7. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

8. When switched on, a side-marker lamp emits a light that:

a) is not substantially white or amber to the front, or

b) is not substantially red or amber to the rear, or

c) is not diffuse, or

d) is not approximately of the same colour and intensity on each side of the vehicle, or

e) does not remain steadily illuminated, or

f) is not bright enough to produce light that is visible from 100m in normal daylight and from 200m in normal darkness, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source.

9. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Modifications

9. A side-marker lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Note 1 Definitions

Side-marker lamp means a position lamp designed to be fitted to the side of a vehicle or its load.

Position lamp means a low-intensity lamp that is designed to indicate to road users the presence and dimensions of a vehicle, being:

a) a forward-facing position lamp (front side lamp), or

b) a rearward-facing position lamp (rear side lamp or tail lamp), or

c) a side-marker lamp, or

d) an end-outline marker lamp (including cab roof lamp).

Note 2

A permitted side-marker lamp that does not comply with equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Figure 4-8-1. Visibility angles for side marker lamps

visibility angles for side marker lamps

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted and prohibited equipment

1. A light vehicle 6m or more in length may be fitted with one or more side-marker lamps.

2. A side-marker lamp must be positioned so that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions.

3. A light vehicle less than 6m in length must not be fitted with a side-marker lamp, unless the vehicle is a production vehicle and the lamp is fitted as original equipment by the vehicle manufacturer.

4. The light emitted from a forward-facing side-marker lamp on a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 2006 is not substantially white or amber.

5. The light emitted from a forward-facing side-marker lamp on a vehicle manufactured on or after1 January 2006 is not substantially amber.

Condition

6. A side-marker lamp must be in sound condition.

Performance

7. A side-marker lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

8. A lamp must emit a light that is:

a) diffuse, and

b) substantially white or amber to the front, and

c) substantially red or amber to the rear.

7. A lamp must emit a steady light.

9. A side-marker lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate to other road users the presence and dimensions of the vehicle.

10. A side-marker lamp must emit a light that is visible from a distance of 100m in daylight and 200m during the hours of darkness.

11. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

12. A side-marker lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

4-9 End-outline marker lamps

Reasons for rejection

Permitted and prohibited equipment

1. A light vehicle with an overall width of 1.8m or more is fitted with:

a) more than four forward-facing lamps, or

b) more than two rearward-facing lamps.

2. A light vehicle with an overall width of less than 1.8m is fitted with end-outline marker lamps.

3. The lamps are not positioned in such a way that they give an indication of the vehicles dimensions.

Condition

4. A lamp is insecure.

5. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

6. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

7. When switched on, a forward-facing end-outline marker lamp does not operate (Note 2).

8. When switched on, an end-outline marker lamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially white or amber to the front, or

b) not substantially red to the rear, or

c) not diffuse, or

d) not projected to the front or rear, or

e) not approximately of the same colour or intensity as the other lamp if fitted in a pair, or

f) not steady, or

g) not bright enough to indicate the presence and dimensions of the vehicle to other road users.

9. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Note 1 Definitions

End-outline marker lamp means a position lamp designed to be fitted near the outer extremity of the vehicle in addition to forward-facing and rearward-facing position lamps, and includes a cab roof lamp.

Position lamp means a low-intensity lamp that is designed to indicate the presence and dimensions of a vehicle to other road users, being:

a) a forward-facing position lamp (front side or park lamp), or

b) a rearward-facing position lamp (rear side lamp or tail lamp), or

c) a side-marker lamp, or

d) an end-outline marker lamp (including cab roof lamp).

Note 2

A rearward-facing end-outline marker lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements, must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light. A non-complying forward-facing end-outline marker lamp must be made to comply or be fully removed from the vehicle.

Note 3

A vehicle originally manufactured with an end-outline marker lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original end-outline marker lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer. Lamps visible from the front and from the rear on the same side of the vehicle may be combined into one device.

Note 4

Vehicle manufacturer means the original vehicle manufacturer and the final stage manufacturer in the case of certain modified vehicles (see Technical bulletin 13:  Acceptable overseas proof of modification).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted and prohibited equipment

1. A light vehicle that has an overall width of 1.8m or more may be fitted with a maximum of:

a) four forward-facing lamps, and

b) two rearward-facing lamps.

2. The position of the lamps must be such that it gives an indication of the vehicle’s dimensions.

3. A light vehicle with an overall width of less than 1.8m must not be fitted with end-outline marker lamps.

Condition

4. An end-outline marker lamp must be in sound condition.

Performance

5. An end-outline marker lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

6. A lamp must emit a light that is:

a) diffuse, and

b) substantially white or amber to the front, and

c) substantially red to the rear.

7. A lamp must emit a steady light.

8. An end-outline marker lamp must provide sufficient light output to indicate to other road users the presence and dimensions of the vehicle.

9. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

10. An end-outline marker lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 1 November 2018 (see amendment details).

4-10 Stop lamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A class LE vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 is not fitted with one stop lamp.

2. A class LE vehicle is fitted with more than two stop lamps.

3. A group M or N vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978:

a) is not fitted with one stop lamp if the vehicle is so constructed that the driver’s arm signals cannot be seen from behind the vehicle, or

b) is fitted with more than four stop lamps.

4. A group M or N vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 is:

a) not fitted with one pair of stop lamps, or

b) fitted with more than two pairs of stop lamps, or

c) fitted with a stop lamp that is not in a pair, or

d) an emergency vehicle and is fitted with more than three pairs of lamps, including top-mounted lamps.

5. An emergency vehicle is fitted with:

a) more than one pair of top-mounted lamps, or

b) top-mounted lamps that are not mounted as close as is practicable to the top corners of the bodywork.

6. A vehicle (eg vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard stop lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

7. A retrofitted stop lamp, other than a top-mounted lamp on an emergency vehicle, is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle).

8. A retrofitted pair of lamps is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

9. A lamp is insecure or, if a mandatory lamp, contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

10. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

11. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

12. When the service brake is activated:

a) a mandatory lamp does not operate, or

b) a lamp does not remain steadily illuminated.

13. A lamp operates when the service brake is not applied.

14. A lamp emits a light that is:

a) not substantially red, or

b) not diffuse, or

c) not projected to the rear, or

d) not approximately equal in intensity from the other lamp in a pair, or

e) not bright enough to produce a light that is visible from 100m in normal daylight, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source, or

f) is altered, eg due to damage or modification.

15. A non-OE mandatory lamp mounted outside the original position emits a light that is not visible within (Figure 4-10-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard and outboard.

16. A modification to the vehicle has reduced the visibility angles of a mandatory lamp to less than (Figure 4-10-1):

a) 15˚ above and below the horizontal, or

b) 45˚ inboard and outboard.

17. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

18. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

19. On a vehicle of American origin fitted with combined stop and direction indicator lamps, the stop lamp function is not overridden by the indicator function.

Note 1 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Stop lamp means a lamp that is designed to operate when the service brake is activated.

Note 2

A permitted stop lamp that does not comply with equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 3

An original equipment (OE) lamp is one that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer in the original position, or is an equivalent replacement or aftermarket lamp suitable for the position provided by the vehicle manufacturer for that lamp. All other lamps are considered retrofitted (ie non-OE).

Note 4

A vehicle originally manufactured with a stop lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original stop lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Figure 4-10-1. Stop-lamp visibility angles

Stop-lamp visibility angles

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A class LE vehicle:

a) first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978 may be fitted with one or two stop lamps.

b) first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 must be fitted with one or two stop lamps

2. A group M or N vehicle:

a) first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1978:

i. may be fitted with one, two or four stop lamps, or

ii. must be fitted with one, two or four stop lamps if its construction, equipment or loading prevents an arm signal given by the driver from being seen from behind the vehicle.

b) first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 January 1978 must be fitted with one or two pairs of stop lamps that emit a light that is visible from 100m.

3. An emergency vehicle may be fitted with an additional pair of lamps that must be symmetrically mounted as near the top corners of the bodywork of the vehicle as is practicable (top-mounted lamps).

4. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

5. A retrofitted pair of stop lamps must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

6. A retrofitted stop lamp, other than a top-mounted lamp, must be fitted at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m.

7. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

Condition

8. A stop lamp must:

a) be in sound condition, and

b) not be obscured (if a mandatory lamp).

Performance

9. A stop lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

10. The light emitted from a stop lamp must be diffuse light that is substantially red.

11. A required stop lamp must operate when a service brake is activated.

12. A required stop lamp must provide sufficient light output to fulfil its intended purpose.

13. A stop lamp must emit a steady light.

14. A retrofitted mandatory stop lamp must emit a light that is visible within the angles of 15˚ above and below the horizontal, and 45˚ inboard and outboard.

15. If a vehicle of American origin is fitted with combined stop and direction indicator lamps, the indicator lamps must override the stop lamps so that the stop lamps will operate as direction indicators.

16. Where a stop lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications (Note 1)

17. A stop lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

4-11 High-mounted stop lamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A class MA vehicle first registered or manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 is not fitted with one high-mounted stop lamp.

2. A vehicle is fitted with more than two high-mounted stop lamps.

3. A lamp is not fitted in a central high-mounted position.

4. A lamp fitted to a group M or N vehicle, except one that does not have a rear window, or that does not have a rear window visible from the rear, has an illuminated surface that is lower than 150mm below the bottom edge of the rear window.

5. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard stop lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

Condition

6. A lamp is insecure.

7. A mandatory lamp (Note 2) is obscured, or contains moisture in the form of large droplets, runs or puddles.

8. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

9. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

10. When the service brake is activated:

a) a mandatory (Note 2) lamp does not operate, or

b) a lamp does not remain steadily illuminated.

11. A lamp operates when the service brake is not activated.

12. A lamp emits a light that is not:

a) substantially red, or

b) diffuse, or

c) projected to the rear, or

d) bright enough to be visible from 100m in normal daylight, eg due to modification, deterioration, dirt or an incorrect light source

13. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Note 1 Definitions

High-mounted stop lamp means a stop lamp that is designed to be fitted in a central, high-mounted position at the rear of a vehicle.

Stop lamp means a lamp that is designed to operate when the service brake is activated.

Note 2

Mandatory lamp – the vehicle must have one high-mounted stop lamp that meets the equipment, condition and performance requirements. Any other high-mounted stop lamp is a permitted lamp. The permitted lamp is not required to operate, but if it does operate, it must meet the equipment, condition and performance requirements, although it may be obscured.

Note 3

A vehicle originally manufactured with a high-mounted stop lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original high-mounted stop lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A class MA vehicle first registered or manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 must be fitted with one or two high-mounted stop lamps.

2. Any other vehicle may be fitted with one or two high-mounted stop lamps.

3. A lamp on a group M or N vehicle must be fitted in a central high-mounted position at the rear of the vehicle.

4. No part of a lamp’s illuminated surface must be lower than 150mm below the bottom edge of the rear window, except where there is no rear window fitted or visible from behind the vehicle.

5. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

Condition

6. A high-mounted stop lamp must be in good condition.

7. At least one high-mounted stop lamp must not be obscured.

Performance

8. A high-mounted stop lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

9. The light emitted from a high-mounted stop lamp must be diffuse light that is substantially red.

10. A high-mounted stop lamp must emit a steady light.

11. At least one unobscured lamp must operate when the vehicle’s service brakes are activated.

12. Where a high-mounted stop lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

13. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

14. A high-mounted stop lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

4-12 Rear-reg.-plate illumination lamps

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle is not fitted with at least one rear-registration-plate illumination lamp.

2. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) does not meet standard rear-registration-plate illumination lamp requirements, and:

a) does not have a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, or

b) does not meet the conditions of the lighting equipment endorsement in its vehicle identity card.

Condition

3. A lamp is insecure.

4. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

5. A reflector, or lens, is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

6. The lamp emits a light that is not:

a) substantially white, or

b) steady, or

c) diffuse.

7. The lamp does not illuminate the registration plate (eg either the lamp or plate have been moved, or the lamps orientation has been changed).

8. The light source of a lamp is visible from the rear of the vehicle.

9. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

Note 1 Definitions

Rear-registration-plate illumination lamp means a lamp designed to illuminate the rear registration plate of a vehicle.

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Note 2

A vehicle originally manufactured with a rear-registration-plate illumination lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original rear-registration-plate illumination lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. At least one rear-registration-plate illumination lamp.

2. A vehicle (eg a vintage or veteran vehicle) manufactured without lamps, or with lamps that cannot meet specified requirements, may obtain a WoF if:

a) the vehicle has a valid vehicle identity card with a lighting equipment endorsement, and

b) the vehicle meets the conditions of that endorsement.

Performance

3. A rear-registration-plate illumination lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

4. A lamp must emit a diffuse light that is substantially white.

5. A rear-registration-plate illumination lamp must emit a steady light.

6. The light source of the lamp must not be visible from the rear of the vehicle.

7. A lamp must illuminate the figures and letters of the plate so that they are visible from 20m during normal darkness.

8. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

9. A rear-registration-plate illumination lamp that is affected by a modification must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements.

Page amended 1 October 2021 (see amendment details).

4-13 Rear-reflectors

Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A group M or N vehicle:

a) is not fitted with at least one red rearward-facing reflector on each side, or

b) is fitted with a red rearward-facing reflector that is not in a pair.

2. A class LE vehicle is not fitted with at least one red rearward-facing reflector.

3. A reflector is not positioned to the rear of the vehicle.

4. A retrofitted reflector is fitted at a height from the ground exceeding 1.5m (or 2.1m where fitting below 1.5m is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle).

5. A retrofitted pair of reflectors is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

6. A mandatory reflector’s ability to reflect light is affected by excessive:

a) fading, or

b) scratching or other damage.

7. A mandatory reflector is obscured.

Performance

8. The reflected light from a mandatory reflector is not visible from 100m.

9. A rearward-facing reflector on a vehicle reflects white light shining on it as anything other than red light (this does not apply to reflective material such as conspicuity/reflective tape).

10. The reflected light from a reflector is not red.

11. An overlay has been applied that reduces or distorts the light emitted from the lamp (eg a tinted cover).

Note 1 Definitions

Reflector means a distinct item of lighting equipment that is designed to reflect incident light back towards the light source, but does not include reflective material (such as reflective tape).

Reflective material means any material that is designed to reflect incident light back towards the light source and includes reflective tape, but does not include a reflector.

Note 2

A vehicle originally manufactured with a rear reflector arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original rear reflectors provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Figure 4-13-1. Reflector vs reflective material

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory and permitted equipment

1. A group M or N vehicle must be fitted with at least one pair of rearward-facing reflectors at a height from the ground not exceeding 1.5m, or if this is not practicable due to the shape of the bodywork of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.1m.

2. A class LE vehicle must be fitted with at least one rearward-facing reflector that reflects light that is visible from 100m.

3. A rearward-facing reflector must be positioned to the rear of the vehicle.

4. A reflector must be of an area that allows it to reflect light to improve the visibility of the vehicle to other road users, but it must not cause them undue dazzle or discomfort.

5. A retrofitted pair of reflectors must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

6. A mandatory reflector must be in good condition and not be obscured.

Performance

7. A reflector must operate in a way that is appropriate for the reflector and the vehicle.

8. A reflector must reflect white light as substantially red light.

9. A reflector must provide sufficient light reflection to fulfil its intended purpose.

Modifications

10. A rear reflector that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

4-14 Reversing lamps

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

(see Note 2)

1. A vehicle is fitted with more than two reversing lamps at the rear of the vehicle.

2. A retrofitted pair of reversing lamps is not:

a) symmetrically mounted, or

b) mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

(see Note 2)

3. A lamp is insecure.

4. A lens is missing, or has a hole, crack or other damage that allows moisture or dirt to enter.

5. A reflector is damaged or has deteriorated so that light output is reduced.

Performance

(see Note 2)

6. A lamp controlled by gear engagement continues to display a light to the rear when the reverse gear is disengaged.

7. A lamp controlled by a manual switch continues to display a light to the rear while the headlamps are switched on.

8. When engaged, a lamp emits light that is not:

a) substantially white (Note 3), or

b) steady, or

c) diffuse or a dipped beam.

9. Where a lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), fewer than 75% of these operate.

Note 1 Definitions

Reversing lamp means a lamp designed to illuminate the area behind the vehicle while it is reversing and to warn other road users that the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse.

Note 2

A reversing lamp that does not comply with equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 3

Vehicles first registered in New Zealand before 27 February 2005 were allowed to use rear indicator lamps as reversing lamps. Although the light emitted is amber rather than white, this arrangement is still permitted for these vehicles.

Note 4

A vehicle originally manufactured with a reversing lamp arrangement that differs from what is required or permitted in this section may retain the original reversing lamps provided they remain fitted in their original position and perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. One or two reversing lamps fitted at the rear of the vehicle.

2. A retrofitted pair of reversing lamps must be symmetrically mounted as far towards each side of the vehicle as is practicable.

Condition

3. A reversing lamp must be in good condition.

Performance

4. A reversing lamp must operate in a way that is appropriate for the lamp and the vehicle.

5. A reversing lamp, when operated, must emit a diffuse light or a dipped beam of light that is substantially white (Note 3).

6. A reversing lamp must emit a steady light.

7. A reversing lamp may operate only when the reverse gear is engaged or the headlamps are turned off.

8. Where a reversing lamp comprises an array of light sources (eg LEDs), at least 75% of these must operate.

Modifications

9. A reversing lamp that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet equipment, condition and performance requirements, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

4-15 Other lighting

Reasons for rejection

Permitted equipment

1. A cosmetic lamp (ie one not listed in Table 4-15-1) that is fitted to a vehicle:

a) has a part of its light-emitting surface positioned within 250mm of any mandatory lamp, or

b) is not mounted in a fixed position, or

c) is positioned so that its light-emitting surface is visible within the shaded areas in Figure 4-15-1.

2. A work lamp that is fitted to a vehicle is wired in such a way that the switch or circuit for any mandatory or optional lamp controls it.

Performance

3. When switched on, a cosmetic lamp with a light-emitting surface not visible within the shaded areas in Figure 4-15-1 emits a light that:

a) is not diffuse, or

b) flashes or otherwise varies in intensity or colour, or

c) revolves, rotates or otherwise moves, or

d) is too bright and likely to dazzle other road users, or

e) is likely to cause confusion about the orientation of the vehicle, or

f) is red when seen directly from the front, or

g) is not red or amber when seen directly from the rear.

4. A forward-facing reflector on a vehicle reflects white light shining on it as anything other than white or amber light.

5. A side-facing reflector on a vehicle reflects white light shining on it as anything other than white or amber light.

Note 1

A rear or side cosmetic lamp that does not comply with requirements for condition or performance must be made to comply, or be disabled so that it does not emit a light.

Note 2 Definitions

Lamp means a device designed to emit light, and includes an array of separate light sources that appear as a continuous illuminated surface.

Work lamp means a high-intensity lamp that is not necessary for the operation of the vehicle but is designed to illuminate the area or scene and include scene lamps, spot lamps and alley lamps.

Scene lamp means a work lamp designed to provide a fixed or movable beam of light to illuminate the area around the vehicle or the vehicle itself.

Alley lamp means a work lamp designed primarily to provide a fixed or movable beam of light to the side of the vehicle it is fitted to.

Reflective material (or retroreflective material) means any material that is designed to reflect incident light back towards a light source or in a specific direction; but does not include a reflector.

Cosmetic lamp means any lamp that is not listed in Table 4-15-1.

Note 3

A forward-facing cosmetic lamp that does not comply with the equipment, condition and performance requirements must be made to comply or be removed from the vehicle.

Table 4-15-1. Lamps that are not cosmetic lamps

Lamps covered in the VIRM

Other lighting equipment not requiring inspection

Headlamps

Stop lamps

High-mounted stop lamps

Direction indicator lamps

Position lamps
(includes side-marker lamps and end-outline marker lamps)

Rear-registration-plate illumination lamps

Rear reflectors

Fog lamps

Daytime running lamps

Cornering lamps

Reversing lamps

PSV interior lamps

Work lamps

Interior lamps
Designed to illuminate the interior of the vehicle for the convenience of passengers

Flashing or revolving beacons

Illuminated vehicle-mounted signs
Includes PSV destination signs, taxi signs and variable message signs operated by enforcement officers, under a traffic management plan or permitted by other legislation

A light source that is a necessary part of equipment required or permitted by any enactment to be fitted to a vehicle
Includes LEDs that indicate status on eRUC labels

Figure 4-15-1. Visibility angles for cosmetic lamps

visibility angles for cosmetic lamps

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. A vehicle may be fitted with one or more lamps not specified in Table 4-15-1, provided they are fitted so that light sources are not visible in those regions specified in Figure 4-15-1.

2. A cosmetic lamp must be fitted in a fixed position on the vehicle and positioned so that no part of the light source is situated within 250mm of a mandatory lamp.

3. A work lamp that is fitted to a vehicle is wired in such a way that the switch or circuit for any mandatory or optional lamp controls it.

4. A vehicle may be fitted with reflective material to improve the visibility of the vehicle to other drivers and other road users, but the material must not dazzle, confuse or otherwise endanger their safety.

Performance

5. A cosmetic lamp must:

a) only emit light that is diffuse, and

b) not emit light that flashes or otherwise varies in intensity or colour, and

c) be fitted in a way, and be of a luminance that ensures, that it does not dazzle, confuse or distract other road users, and

d) not emit a light that revolves, rotates or otherwise moves, and

e) not cause confusion as to the orientation of the vehicle, and

f) not emit a red light that is directly visible from the front of the vehicle, and

g) not emit a light other than red or amber if the light is directly visible from the rear of the vehicle.

6. A forward-facing reflector on a vehicle must reflect white light shining on it as white or amber light.

7. A side-facing reflector on a vehicle must reflect white light shining on it as white or amber light.

Page amended 1 November 2018 (see amendment details).

4-17 PSV interior lighting

Reasons for rejection

1. An interior light for the purpose of illuminating a doorway, aisle or step:

a) does not function, or

b) interferes with the driver’s vision when the doors are closed.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Condition and performance

1. Interior lights must be positioned so that they adequately illuminate doorways, aisles and steps, but without interfering with the driver’s vision when the doors are closed.

5 Vision

5-1 Glazing

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment
Glazing markings (windscreens and flat glass only) – visual inspection
  • Only windscreens and flat glass are required to be inspected for standards markings at in-service inspection. Flat glass is any glazing that is flat edge to edge (like typical housing window glass) in every direction ie a straight edge would sit flush on the glass in every possible position.

1. A glazing marking is not permanent, except for glazing marked by a vendor or installer, and fitted in a vehicle before 1 January 1997, which may be marked by means of a self-adhesive label.

2. A glazing marking required in Table 5-1-1 or Table 5-1-2 is missing, except for:

a) plastic glazing behind the driver’s seat in a soft-top convertible, or

b) hard plastic material behind the driver’s seat in a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1991, or

c) wire glass fitted to a window behind the driver’s seat of a dangerous goods vehicle, or

d) markings on any isolation shield (see Table 5-1-6) (Note 7).

3. The glazing has an incorrect marking for the location in which it is fitted.

4. Glazing that is marked by a vendor or installer does not contain (Table 5-1-3 and Figure 5-1-3):

a) wording, characters or symbols that indicate the approved vehicle standard, and

b) the type of glazing, and

c) the thickness of the glazing in millimetres, or, in the case of laminated glass only, the thickness of the intervening layer of plastic, and

d) the identity of the vendor or installer of the glazing.

Glazing condition

5. A piece of glazing is not mechanically sound, or is not securely affixed to the vehicle.

6. A windscreen or front side window is so dirty or obstructed that the driver’s vision is impaired.

7. A windscreen has damage that prevents the wiper blades from working properly.

8. A windscreen has scratches, discolouration or other defects that unreasonably impair the driver’s vision or compromise the strength of the windscreen.

Condition within the critical vision area (CVA)

9. The critical vision area (CVA) of a windscreen (Figure 5-1-4) is damaged (apart from scratching, surface pitting, small stone marks and certified visible repairs that do not affect the driver’s vision).

Condition outside the CVA

10. A windscreen has damage (Note 2) of the types and exceeding the dimensions in Table 5-1-5.

11. Any damage that extends through more than one layer of glass.

Glazing performance

12. The overall visible light transmittance (VLT) (Note 3) of a windscreen is less than 70%.

13. The overall VLT of a front side window is less than 35% (see also Figure 5-1-6 for minimum VLT limits for modified glazing (tinted overlays) for different vehicle classes).

14. Glazing has a mirrored effect sufficient to dazzle other road users (unless it is OE and has an approved standard marking).

Permitted modifications

15. A modification that affects glazing is not within the limits in Table 5-1-6.

Glazing removal

16. OE glazing that affects the structural integrity of the vehicle (eg bonded glazing) has been permanently removed but the vehicle has not been certified to the LVV Code and is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Condition of modified glazing

17. Glazing has scratches or other defects that unreasonably impair vision or compromise the strength of the glazing.

Performance of modified glazing

18. A modification:

a) unreasonably impairs the driver’s vision through the windscreen or a front side window, or

b) adversely affects the strength or mechanical performance of the glazing or the vehicle.

Windscreen repair

19. A windscreen that has been rejected for a WoF or CoF has been repaired and re-presented without the required documentation (Note 6).

Note 1 - Definitions

Windscreen means all glazing extending across the front of a vehicle that is not parallel to the vehicle’s longitudinal centreline, but does not include a wind deflector. No fitting of overlays or stickers are permitted to the windscreen except those previously mentioned.

Laminated glass means glazing consisting of two or more pieces of sheet glass, plate glass or float glass bonded together by one or more intervening layers of plastic material.

Overlay means a transparent, translucent or opaque self-adhesive or clinging film that is applied to large areas, or the whole, of a piece of glazing, including anti-glare band overlays, stoneguard overlays.

Sticker means a self-adhesive or clinging film, with or without print on it, that is applied for purposes such as, but not limited to, advertising, identification, information, or for aesthetic or legal reasons.

Anti-glare band overlay means a tinted overlay that is transparent and that is applied along the top edge of the windscreen for the purpose of reducing glare from the sun.

Stoneguard overlay means a clear overlay that is transparent and that is applied along the bottom edge of the windscreen for the purpose of preventing damage to the windscreen from stones and other debris thrown up by other vehicles.

Note 2

Damage includes any unrepaired damage and attempted visible repairs that unreasonably impair the driver’s vision.

Note 3

Visible light transmittance (VLT) is the proportion of visible light that passes through glazing, measured perpendicular to the glazing. Overall VLT is the VLT of the glazing together with any overlays.

Note 4

Any OE opaque edging (usually black) is not considered part of the windscreen when determining the boundaries of the CVA, or the areas permitted for stickers, print on an anti-glare band, or radio antennae.

Note 5

Perforated overlays are usually made from printed-on materials. They are therefore not transparent and may be fitted only where stickers are allowed.

Note 6

When a windscreen has been rejected for a WoF or CoF, repaired, and then re-presented for inspection, the repair must be certified to AS/NZS 2366: 1999, AS 2366-1990 or NZS 5470: 1993. Proof of certification is the receipt issued in accordance with the relevant standard by the repairer. For AS/NZS 2366: 1999, the windscreen repair invoice must include:

a) invoice number

b) date of repair

c) date of invoice (if different from date of repair)

d) trading name and address of repairer

e) name or identification of person performing the repair

f) make of vehicle

g) registration number of vehicle, or if registration number is unavailable then the vehicle identification number (VIN) or chassis number

h) details of work carried out

i) type and location of repaired damage on the windscreen (it is recommended that this be marked on a schematic windscreen on the invoice form)

j) in the case of repairs performed to this standard, a statement that the repairs have been made in accordance with and comply with AS/NZS 2366.1 using a repair system that complies with AS/NZS 2366.2

k) any guarantees or warranties given.

Note 7

Waka Kotahi makes no representations about the effectiveness of these installations, whether they are required, or whether they are sufficient for the purposes of meeting health and safety or other requirements. It takes no responsibility for the installation and use of isolation shields.

Note 8

A tolerance of 5% is permitted for the visible light transmittance (VLT) reading, to compensate for variations in tint film and light meters.

Table 5-1-1. Required markings for windscreens
  • see Note 1
Date of manufacture
Vehicle classbefore 1/1/601/1/60–1/7/861/7/86–1/1/911/1/91–1/7/97from 1/7/97
MA, MB, MC, NASafety glass with approved trade name or approved standardLaminated glass with approved standardLaminated glass with approved standardLaminated glass with approved standard
MD1, MD2Safety glass with approved trade name or approved standardSafety glass with approved standardSafety glass with approved standardLaminated glass with approved standard
Low volume vehiclesLVV CodeLVV Code
Table 5-1-2. Required markings for other glazing
Date of manufacture
Vehicle classbefore 1/2/771/2/77–1/1/91from 1/1/91
MA, MB, MC, NA, MD11, MD21Safety glass with approved trade name or approved standardSafety glass with approved standard
Low volume vehiclesLVV Code

1 Curved scenic skylights above the cant rail, curved windows at front and rear corners, skylights, louvres and interior partitions may be made of a transparent material of a kind that does not shatter. This material is not usually marked.

Table 5-1-3. Approved trade names for glazing
Armourfloat
Armourplate
Blindex
Duolite Safety
Duplate Safety
Flolite
Ford Indestructo
Ford Safety Glass
Ford Silver Arrow
Glacetex
Hankuk Glass Safety Heat
Line
HMC Glass Safety Hankuk
TF5
HMC Glass Safety Hankuk
TV5
Indestructo
Nippon Safety
NM Laminated Safety Glass
FHP
Peerless
Plexite
Safetyflex
Safety MGB (Meloplate)
Safety MGB (Melite Safety
Plate)
Sekurit
Sigla
Spectrofloat Splintex
Sunmat
Suntex Safety Glass
Temperlite
Temperlite Santa Marina
Thorex Connex
Triplex
Triplex Plate
Tuflite
Tyneside
Veracetex
Table 5-1-4. Glossary of codes for safety glass (including laminated glass)
  • see Note 1, Note 4, Figure 5-1-1

L

laminated glass

F

float glass

P

plate glass

LF

laminated float

LP

laminated plate

V

toughened, VLT <70%, when near the UN/ECE mark

/

toughened, when near the UN/ECE mark

// or ///

laminated, when near the UN/ECE mark

TS

toughened glass

TP

toughened plate

T

toughened or tempered

Z

zone tempered

HP

high performance laminated safety glass

WHP

complies with impact test (windscreen high performance laminated safety glass)

DOT

Department of Transport (USA)

AS down-arrow 1 or

AS up-arrow 2

the glass, in the direction of the arrow, complies with the 70% light transmission requirement

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

FMVSS codes

AS1

for use anywhere in the vehicle

AS2

for use anywhere in the vehicle other than windscreen

AS3

for rear and rear side windows only

AS4 and AS5

for glazing not used for driver’s vision (eg the rear window of heavy truck cabs or convertible tops, windows/doors in motorhome bodies, ute canopies, rear windows on buses, roof glazing etc)

Glazing cut from mother sheet

L.76WHP

laminated, 0.76 mm interlayer, suitable for all locations

L.38

laminated, 0.38 mm interlayer, must not be used for windscreens

PCZ26.1

polycarbonate, meets requirements of ANSI Z26, must not be used for windscreens

Table 5-1-5. Types and maximum sizes of windscreen damage (outside the CVA)
  • see Note 2, Figure 5-1-5

Types and maximum sizes of windscreen damage

Table 5-1-6. Permitted modifications

Fitting of or modification to:

Modification permitted provided that:

Isolation shields (to separate vehicle occupants for the purpose of medical isolation) (Note 7)

The shield:

  • is constructed from a transparent flexible thin film (minimum 80% VLT), and
  • does not interfere with the driver’s vision (including through the front side windows, and rear-view mirrors), and
  • does not interfere with the operation of airbags, and
  • does not interfere with the driver’s ability to reach vehicle controls (including lights, warning devices, etc.), and
  • is fastened to the vehicle using flexible/breakaway fixings that are unlikely to injure a vehicle occupant, and
  • can be quickly and easily removed to allow for emergency access or exit of the vehicle.
    (Note: the partition/shield should be able to be removed, or broken, with a reasonable push or strike to allow both the driver and passenger/s to use an alternative exit in the event of an emergency.)

Overlays (Note 1):

See below for overlays on windscreens, front side windows, rear and rear side windows, and sun roofs

  • overlays do not:

– have any bubbling or other defect that could unreasonably impair vision, or

– have a mirrored effect that is sufficient to dazzle other road users, or

– affect the performance of any high-mounted stop lamp fitted to the vehicle.

Windscreens:

Stickers (Note 1)

  • stickers are wholly within 100mm of the top or bottom edge, or 50mm of the side edges (Note 4), unless required or permitted by legislation, eg:

– a licence label

– a road user licence label

– a WoF label

– an alternative fuel sticker

– a current parking permit or other document issued by the local authority

– learner L-plates (in sticker format) provided the driver’s vision is not unreasonably affected.

Anti-glare band overlay
(Note 1)

  • the overlay is transparent, and
  • the overlay does not extend below the bottom edge of the vehicle’s OE sun visors when they are folded down as far as possible towards the windscreen, and
  • the overlay does not contain print below a line that is 100 mm below and parallel to the top edge of the windscreen (Note 4).

Clear or transparent stoneguard overlay (Note 1)

  • the vehicle is not of class MA or MC, and
  • the overlay is applied only to the bottom edge of the windscreen, and
  • the top edge of the overlay does not extend any higher than the highest point of the steering wheel.

Radio antennae

  • antennae are wholly within 100mm of any edge (Note 4).

Front side windows:

Transparent overlays (Note 5)

  • the overall visible light transmittance (VLT) is not reduced to below 35% (Note 8).

Stickers

  • stickers are wholly within 100mm of the bottom edge, or 50 mm of any other edge, unless required or permitted by legislation.

Radio antennae

  • antennae are wholly within 100mm of any edge.
Window ports or hatches

The hatch is fitted in a class ME vehicle; and

  • The glazing in the hatch either meets an approved standard OR is made of a shatter proof polycarbonate or acrylic material, and
  • the glazing has a VLT of not less than 35% (Note 8), AND
  • the hatch and its frame:
    • does not unreasonably interfere with the driver’s vision, and
    • is minimised in size and located to have as little impact on vision as possible (Note 1), and
    • is rigid, sturdy, secure and water tight, and
    • the original glazing maintains the correct and original compliant markings

Note: A typical compliant hatch will have a frame with a thickness ≤40mm and a total area ≤0.12m2

Rear and rear-side windows (behind the driver’s seat) –
class MA vehicles except stretch limousines and body transfer vehicles:

Transparent overlays (Note 5)

  • the overall visible light transmittance (VLT) is not reduced to below 35% (Note 8), and
  • the vehicle is equipped on both sides with external rear-view mirrors.

Stickers

  • the stickers are wholly within 100mm of any edge unless they are:
    • required or permitted by legislation
    • required for motorsport purposes (such as competition numbers or competitor names), and the vehicle has a valid motorsport authority card .

Radio antennae

  • antennae are wholly within 100mm of any edge.

Rear and rear-side windows (behind the driver’s seat) –
any vehicle class except MA, but including stretch limousines and body transfer vehicles:

Overlays and other modifications

  • the vehicle is equipped on both sides with external rear-view mirrors.

Stickers

  • stickers may be applied anywhere on the glazing but, if not wholly within 100mm of any edge (Note 4), the vehicle must be equipped on both sides with external rear-view mirrors.

Radio antennae

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance are met.

Fitting of or modification to:

Modification always permitted:

Monsoon shields

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Electric demisters

Sunroofs (overlays and stickers applied anywhere on the glazing, radio antennae, and electric demisters)

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Figure 5-1-1 Approved standards markings

Figure 5-1-1 Approved standards markings

v symbol


Figure 5-1-2. Typical laminated glazing markings (Note 1)

typical laminated glazing markings


Figure 5-1-3. Typical markings required on glazing cut from mother sheet

Typical markings required on glazing cut from mother sheet


Figure 5-1-4. Windscreen critical vision area (CVA)


Stickers are allowed within the critical vision area so long as they are within 100mm from the top or bottom edge of the windscreen (see Table 5-1-6).


Figure 5-1-5. Actual maximum sizes of types of windscreen damage

actual glazing marking sizes

Note Due to different screen resolutions and sizes the above image may not be shown at actual size.


Figure 5-1-6. Minimum VLT limits for modified glazing (tinted overlays) for different vehicle classes

Note The minimum VLT for any windscreen is 70% but no overlays may be fitted.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment
Glazing markings

1. Windscreens and other glazing must be permanently and indelibly marked as complying with an approved trade name or approved vehicle standard as shown in Table 5-1-1 and Table 5-1-2 unless excluded as below:

a) glazing marked by a vendor or installer, and fitted in a vehicle before 1 January 1997, may be marked by means of a self-adhesive label

b) plastic glazing behind the driver’s seat in a soft-top convertible need not be marked

c) hard plastic material behind the driver’s seat in a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1991 need not be marked.

2. Glazing marked by the vendor or installer must contain wording, characters or symbols that indicate the approved vehicle standard, and the:

a) type of glazing, and

b) thickness of the glazing in millimetres or, in the case of laminated glass only, the thickness of the intervening layer of plastic, and

c) identity of the vendor or installer of the glazing.

Permitted glazing

3. Wire glass may be used in any window behind the driver’s seat, if required or allowed under any legislation.

4. Vehicles of class MD1 or MD2 may be fitted with the following, which may be made of a transparent material of a kind that does not shatter:

a) curved scenic skylights above the cant rail

b) curved windows at the front and rear corners

c) skylights

d) louvres

e) interior partitions.

Glazing condition

5. Glazing must be mechanically sound, strong, and securely affixed to the vehicle.

6. A windscreen and front side windows must be clean and free of obstruction to ensure the driver has sufficient vision through the glazing to operate the vehicle safely.

7. A windscreen must not have scratches and other defects that:

a) unreasonably impair vision, or

b) compromise its strength.

8. A laminated windscreen must not show signs of discolouration that could unreasonably impair the driver’s vision.

9. Glazing in roof panels may be tinted.

Glazing performance

10. A windscreen visible light transmittance (VLT) must be at least 70%.

11. Front side windows VLT must be at least 35%.

12. Glazing must not have a mirrored effect sufficient to dazzle other road users.

Permitted modifications

13. A modification that affects glazing is permitted if within the limits in Table 5-1-6.

Glazing removal

14. Permanent removal of OE-specified glazing that affects the structural integrity of the vehicle (eg bonded glazing) must be certified in accordance with the Low Volume Vehicle Code.

Condition of modified glazing

15. Overlays must not have any bubbling or other defects that could unreasonably impair vision.

16. Glazing must not have any scratches or other defects that unreasonably impair vision or compromise the strength of the glazing.

Performance of modified glazing

17. Modifications must not:

a) unreasonably impair vision through a windscreen or a front side window, or a rear or rear side window in the case of MA vehicles other than stretch limousines or body transfer vehicles, or

b) adversely affect the strength or mechanical performance of the glazing or the vehicle.

Windscreen repair

18. Windscreens: a repair to a windscreen carried out on or after 1 January 1997 must comply with whichever of the following standards is applicable at the date of repair:

a) New Zealand standard 5470: 1993, Code of Practice for Automotive Windscreen Repair (superseded by Australian Standard/New Zealand standard 2366: 1999, Windscreen Repairs), or

b) Australian standard 2366-1990, Repair of Laminated Glass Windscreens fitted to Road Vehicles (superseded by Australian Standard/New Zealand standard 2366: 1999, Windscreen Repairs).

Page amended 1 April 2023 (see amendment details).

Page updated 4 October 2023 (see details).

5-2 Sun visors

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A sun visor for the driver’s use is not fitted to a vehicle (other than of class LE) which can practicably be fitted with a sun visor (Note 1).

Condition

2. A sun visor:

a) is insecurely mounted, or

b) for the driver, cannot be adjusted from the normal driving position, or

c) cannot maintain its adjusted position, or

d) has been modified or has deteriorated, and the likelihood of injury to vehicle occupants has not been minimised.

Performance

3. A driver’s sun visor does not effectively aid the driver’s vision by intercepting the glare from the sun.

Note 1 Definitions

Sun visor means any attachment mounted above the inside of the windscreen and provided for the purpose of shielding the eyes of the driver and other front seat passengers from solar glare.

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle other than of class LE must be fitted with a sun visor for the driver’s use if it is reasonable and practicable to do so (Note 1).

Permitted equipment

2. A vehicle of class LE may be fitted with a sun visor.

3. Additional sun visors may be fitted in other positions.

Condition

4. The condition of a sun visor must be such that the likelihood of injury to occupants is minimised.

Performance

5. A driver’s sun visor must be effective.

Modification

6. A sun visor that is not OE or that has been affected by a modification (Note 1):

a) must meet the requirements for equipment, condition and performance, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

5-3 Windscreen wipe and wash

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle that has a windscreen is not fitted with a windscreen wipe system.

2. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 1992 is not fitted with a windscreen wash system.

3. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 1960 is fitted with wipers that are not power driven.

Condition
Windscreen wipe system

4. The wiper operating device is missing.

5. A wiper arm or wiper blade is:

a) missing, or

b) insecure, or

c) damaged so as to affect the performance of the wipers.

6. The wiper operating mechanism is:

a) missing, or

b) insecure, or

c) damaged so as to affect the performance of the wipers.

Windscreen wash system

7. A wash system component is missing or insecure.

8. The wash operating device is missing.

Performance
Windscreen wipe system

9. A windscreen wiper does not wipe the windscreen effectively, preventing adequate forward vision by the driver.

10. The wipe operating device is unable to activate the wipe system.

Windscreen wash system

11. A windscreen wash nozzle does not discharge washer liquid directly onto the windscreen.

12. The wash operating device is unable to activate the wash system.

Modifications

13. A modification affects a windscreen wipe system, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 5-3-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Table 5-3-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Removal of a windscreen wash system from a vehicle manufactured before 1/1/1992

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1992 that is fitted with a windscreen must have a windscreen wipe system.

2. A vehicle manufactured on or after 1 January 1992 that is fitted with a windscreen must have a windscreen wipe and wash system.

3. Windscreen wipers must be power driven, unless they follow OE specifications in a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1960.

Permitted equipment

4. A vehicle may be fitted with a wash system when this is not required.

Condition

5. A vehicle’s windscreen wipe system must be efficient and within the vehicle manufacturer’s operating limits.

Performance

6. The equipment fitted must be capable of keeping an adequate area of the windscreen clean and clear so that the vehicle may be operated safely under all reasonably foreseeable conditions.

Modifications

7. An OE windscreen washing system may be removed from a vehicle manufactured before 1 January 1992.

8. A modification to the windscreen wipe system must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 5-3-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition, and performance.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

5-4 Rear-view mirrors

Reasons for rejection

Rear-view mirror includes a camera monitor system that uses cameras that are mounted in order to have the same or a similar view as a rear-view mirror and that displays the images viewed by the camera on a monitor inside the vehicle that is visible to the driver.

Mandatory equipment

1. A mandatory rear-view mirror identified in Table 5-4-1 is missing.

Condition

2. A rear-view mirror:

a) is not mounted securely, or

b) cannot be adjusted, or

c) cannot maintain its adjusted position, or

d) is corroded or dirty, or

e) is damaged so that it increases the risk of injury to vehicle occupants.

Performance

3. A rear-view mirror:

a) does not provide a clear view to the rear of the vehicle, or

b) is not sufficiently isolated from vibrations.

Modifications

4. A modification affects rear-view mirrors, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 5-4-2), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Note 1

A vehicle with overlays on the rear side windows and rear screen must be fitted with a left-hand and a right-hand exterior mirror.

Table 5-4-1. Mandatory requirements for rear-view mirrors

For left-hand drive vehicles, read R/H side instead of L/H side, and L/H side instead of R/H side.

Vehicle class

Year of manufacture

Before 1 January 2000

From 1 January 2000

MA, MB, MC

External R/H side or interior

External R/H side and interior

NA

External R/H side or interior

External R/H side and interior or external L/H side

MD1, MD2

External R/H side and external L/H side

External R/H side and external L/H side

Table 5-4-2. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Additional or substituted rear-view mirrors , or removal of a non-mandatory mirror

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle must be fitted with one or more of the rear-view mirrors listed in Table 5-4-1.

Permitted equipment

2. Additional rear-view mirrors may be fitted.

Condition

3. A rear-view mirror must be:

a) securely attached so that the risk of injury is minimised, and

b) mounted so that vibration does not inhibit the driver’s required clear view to the rear, and

c) sufficiently adjustable, and able to maintain its position.

Performance

4. A rear-view mirror must provide a clear view to the rear of:

a) the motor vehicle itself, and

b) the vehicle’s load, and

c) any towed trailer and its load.

5. A rear-view mirror must be sufficiently isolated from vibrations.

Modifications

6. The fitting of additional rear-view mirrors, or a modification that affects rear-view mirrors, must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 5-4-2), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 May 2021 (see amendment details).

5-5 PSV driver's vision

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. The driver’s view through the windscreen or front side window is obstructed.

2. A passenger seat is positioned so that its occupant obstructs the driver’s view through the windscreen or front side windows.

3. The interior of the vehicle, except a stretch limousine, cannot be clearly seen by the driver either:

a) directly, or

b) indirectly using mirrors or closed-circuit cameras (Note 1).

4. A person in the exterior vicinity of any door used by passengers cannot be clearly seen by the driver either:

a) directly, or

b) indirectly using existing rear-view mirrors, additional mirrors, or closed-circuit cameras.

5. A required closed-circuit camera has a screen that does not operate.

Note 1

The indirect view may be provided using rear-view mirrors (section 5-4), additional mirrors, or closed-circuit cameras.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Performance

1. The vehicle must provide the driver with a direct or indirect (Note 1) clear view of:

a) the interior of the vehicle (except for stretch limousines), and

b)any person in the exterior vicinity of any door used by passengers.

2. Seats must not be positioned where their occupants will obstruct the driver’s view through the windscreen or front side windows.

3. A closed-circuit camera system may be fitted to provide the driver with an indirect view on a television screen.

Page amended 1 October 2012 (see amendment details).

5-6 PSV demisters

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. The windscreen and side window used by the driver is not equipped with demisting equipment.

Condition and performance

2. The demisting equipment:

a) does not operate, or

b) is ineffective, eg the air is not hot enough or there is insufficient volume, or

c) cannot be operated from the driver’s seat.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. The front windscreen and side windows used by the driver must be equipped with effective demisting equipment, adjustable from the driver’s seat.

Page updated 18 July 2023 (see details).

6 Entrance and exit

6-1 Door and hinged panel retention systems

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle fitted with doors used by the driver or passengers for entrance and exit of the motor vehicle does not have a door retention system.

2. A vehicle for transporting prisoners which does not have doors in the prison compartment that can be opened from the inside, has no alternative exit that can be operated by an authorised person in an emergency.

Equipment condition

3. A hinge for a door or other hinged panel is not securely attached to both the vehicle body and to the door or other hinged panel due to loose connections, corrosion or other damage (Note 1).

4. A latch, catch, striker or any other part of a door or hinged panel retention system is not securely attached, or is in poor condition, due to a loose connection, corrosion or other damage (Note 1).

5. A door used for entrance and exit of the driver or passengers cannot be opened from the inside, unless the vehicle is designed or adapted to transport prisoners and the door is inoperable from the inside of the prison compartment.

6. A child safety lock or similar safety device cannot be deactivated.

7. There is corrosion damage within 150 mm of the hinge of a door or other hinged panel (see Figure 6-1-1).

8. There is corrosion damage within 150 mm of the latch of a door or other hinged panel (see Figure 6-1-1).

Equipment performance

9. A door used for entrance and exit of the driver or passengers does not open or close easily.

10. A door or other hinged panel does not remain secure in a closed or locked position.

Modifications

11. A modification (Note 2) affects door or hinged panel retention systems, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 6-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Note 1

Corrosion damage is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Note 2 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Child safety lock (also known as a kiddi-lock) means a safety device installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent a door from being opened from the inside of the vehicle.

Tables and images

Table 6-1-1 Modifications that do not require LVV certification
Fitting of or modification to:LVV certification is not required provided that:
Exterior door handles (on doors normally used for entry and exit of occupants)
  • the modification is minor (eg removal of key locks), and
  • door handles remain fitted and in serviceable condition.

Note
The fitting of a door opening/closing mechanism (which may include the removal of exterior door handles) that differs from original must be LVV certified.

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:
Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services
  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.
Figure 6-1-1 Hinge and latch anchorages

Figure 6-1-1

No corrosion damage is allowed within 150mm of a circle around the outside of hinge or latch components.

See also figures for corrosion limits to structure (section 3-1), seatbelt anchorages (section 7-5), and front or rear suspension anchorages (section 9-1).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle fitted with doors used by the driver or passengers for entrance and exit of the motor vehicle must have a door retention system.

Permitted equipment

2. The door retention system on doors to the rear of the driver’s seat may incorporate safety devices installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent the doors from being opened from the inside of the vehicle (eg child safety locks).

3. A vehicle designed or adapted to transport prisoners is not required to be fitted with a mechanism for opening a door from the inside if the prison compartment has an alternative exit that can be operated by an authorised person in an emergency.

Equipment condition

4. A door retention system and its mountings must be safe and structurally sound.

5. A door used for the entrance and exit of the driver or passengers must be operable by any occupant seated by the door from inside the motor vehicle, unless it is permitted equipment designed or adapted to operate otherwise.

6. The vehicle must be designed and constructed using components and materials that are fit for their purpose, and within safe tolerance of their state when manufactured or modified.

Equipment performance

7. A door retention system must be in good working order.

8. A door used for entrance and exit must open and close easily.

9. A door used for entrance and exit must remain secure in a closed position during the operation of the motor vehicle.

Modifications

10. A modification that affects door or hinged panel retention systems must be inspected and certified by a low volume vehicle specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 6-1-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

6-2 PSV doors and doorways

Reasons for Rejection

Mandatory equipment
General

1. Refer to section 6-1.

2. A PSV does not have at least one doorway for passenger entry or exit on the left-hand side of the vehicle, unless it is:

a) an outdoor-access vehicle, or

b) a vehicle fitted with equipment for people with special mobility requirements.

3. An outdoor-access vehicle does not have at least one doorway for passenger entry or exit on the left-hand side or in the rear of the vehicle.

4. On a motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV on or after 1 July 2000, a door, except for a left-front door alongside and within direct line of sight of the driver, does not have a device that warns the driver if the door is not closed properly when the vehicle is stationary or driven away.

Power-operated doors

5. A motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV before 1 July 2000 that has a door which is controlled from the driver’s seat does not have either:

a) a sign by the door, in letters at least 10 mm high, which states: In an emergency use door control by the driver’s seat, or

b) emergency controls which:

i. are fitted on or next to the door, both inside and outside the vehicle, or

ii. have easy-to-understand operating instructions fitted next to them, both inside and outside the vehicle.

6. A motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV on or after 1 July 2000 that has a door which is controlled from the driver’s seat does not have emergency controls which:

a) can be operated in an emergency when the PSV is stationary, or

b) are fitted on or next to the door, both inside and outside the vehicle, or

c) have easy-to-understand operating instructions fitted next to them, both inside and outside the vehicle.

Condition and performance
General

7. Refer to section 6-1.

8. A door locks automatically when it is closed.

9. A small passenger service vehicle (Note 2) has a speed-sensitive or other automatic central-locking device that causes any door to stay locked while the vehicle is stationary.

10. A safety device installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent the doors from being opened from inside the vehicle, eg a child safety lock (Note 1), has not been removed or permanently deactivated, and

a) an approved sign (Figure 6-2-1) is not displayed adjacent to the exterior handle of each rear side door, or

b) the approved sign is not clearly legible, or

c) in the case of a class MD2 vehicle, a valid exemption cannot be produced.

11. A door that is not controlled by the driver cannot be opened from outside the vehicle.

12. A doorway provided for passenger entry or exit is obstructed.

13. A device to warn the driver that the door is not closed properly:

a) does not function correctly, or

b) is not effective.

14. A door or doorway is in such a condition that it is likely to injure passengers entering or leaving the vehicle.

15. An emergency door control sign or operating instruction is not clearly legible.

16. An emergency door control:

a) cannot be operated when the PSV is stationary, or

b) does not allow the door to be operated manually in the event of a power failure, or

c) has a component that has significantly deteriorated so that its operation in an emergency is likely to be compromised.

Power-operated doors

17. A power-operated door is such that it is likely to injure or trap a person eg by excessive opening or closing force, or damage or deterioration (Note 3).

Modification

18. Refer to section 6-1.

19. A door or doorway was modified since the last CoF inspection and there is no written confirmation that items affected by the modification comply with the requirements for entry certification.

Note 1

Child safety lock (also known as a kiddi-lock) means a safety device installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent a door from being opened from the inside of the vehicle.

Note 2

Small passenger service vehicle means a vehicle used or available for use in a passenger service for the carriage of passengers that is designed or adapted to carry 12 or fewer persons (including the driver).

Note 3

A power-operated door may be deemed acceptable in terms of potential injury or entrapment of a person due to excessive closing force if:

a) the door is located at the left-front of the vehicle within the driver’s clear view from his seat (without using mirrors or CCTV), and is opened and closed by means of a driver-operated control, or

b) the door automatically opens when it meets an obstruction, and remains open until being closed using the driver-operated control, or

c) in the event that the door closes onto part of a person, the person can readily extract the trapped part. For compressed air- or vacuum-operated doors only see Technical Bulletin 5: Door test procedure: Compressed air- or vacuum-operated doors).

Figure 6-2-1. Approved child safety lock sign (white text on red background)

child safety lock

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment
General

1. Refer to section 6-1.

2. A PSV must have at least one doorway for passenger entry or exit on the left-hand side of the vehicle, unless it is:

a) an outdoor-access vehicle, and a doorway for passenger entry or exit is provided in the rear, or

b) a vehicle fitted with equipment for people with special mobility requirements.

3. On a motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV on or after 1 July 2000, a door, except a left-front door alongside and within direct line of sight of the driver, must have a device that warns the driver if the door is not closed properly.

Power-operated doors

4. A motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV before 1 July 2000 that has a door which is controlled from the driver’s seat must have:

a) a sign by the door, in letters at least 10 mm high, which states: In an emergency use door control by the driver’s seat, or

b) emergency controls which:

i. can be operated in an emergency when the PSV is stationary, and

ii. are fitted on or next to the door, both inside and outside the vehicle, and

iii. have easy-to-understand operating instructions fitted next to them, both inside and outside the vehicle.

5. A motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV on or after 1 July 2000 that has a door which is controlled from the driver’s seat must have emergency controls which:

a) can be operated in an emergency when the PSV is stationary, and

b) are fitted on or next to the door, both inside and outside the vehicle, and

c) have easy-to-understand operating instructions fitted next to them, both inside and outside the vehicle.

Performance
General

6. A door and its operation must meet the requirements of section 6-1, except:

  • safety devices installed during the manufacture of the vehicle to prevent the doors from being opened from the inside of the vehicle (eg a child safety lock (Note 1)) must be removed or permanently deactivated (unless the vehicle is a small passenger service vehicle (Note 2) and a sign approved by Waka Kotahi is displayed at the outer door handle), and
  • doors that are not controlled by the driver must be able to be opened from both inside and outside the vehicle when someone is in the vehicle except when the occupant has locked the doors, and
  • a door must be operable by any occupant next to the door, from inside the vehicle.

7. A doorway provided for passenger entry or exit must be clear of obstruction.

8. A door must not lock automatically when it is closed.

9. Speed-sensitive or other automatically operating central-locking devices fitted to a small passenger service vehicle (Note 2) must not automatically cause any door to be locked while the vehicle is stationary.

Power-operated doors

10. A power-operated door must be maintained so that the opening and closing force of the door, or its method of operation, is unlikely to injure or trap any person (Note 3).

Modification

11. If a PSV doorway has been modified since it was last certified for operation in-service and the modification has affected the door’s operation or the doorway dimensions, the doorway must comply with the requirements for entry certification.

Page amended 1 November 2014 (see amendment details).

6-3 PSV entry and exit steps, ramps and hoists

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A wheelchair ramp or hoist fitted to a PSV that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or a wheelchair ramp or hoist fitted to a PSV on or after 1 July 2000, does not have evidence of LVV specialist certification, that is the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate.

2. A wheelchair hoist fitted to a PSV that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or a wheelchair hoist fitted to a PSV on or after 1 July 2000, does not have evidence that it is load-rated for 300kg or more.

Condition and performance

3. An entry and exit step or ramp:

a) does not have a slip-resistant tread surface, or

b) does not provide safe entry or exit for occupants, eg:

i. the tread surface is slippery or has significantly deteriorated, or

ii. the structure or its attachment is loose or significantly deteriorated.

4. A ramp or retractable step does not:

a) operate correctly, or

b) remain secure in its retracted position or when in use.

Wheelchair hoists (Note 1)

5. A wheelchair hoist:

a) does not operate correctly, or

b) is not securely fitted to the vehicle, or

c) has a component which is missing, insecure or has significantly deteriorated, or

d) if power-operated, does not incorporate a braking function that actuates when the control device is released, or

e) when powered down, does not have a device that prevents jacking of the vehicle, or

f) if side-mounted, does not have a means of warning the driver when the hoist is not stowed, or

g) has moving parts which touch the vehicle during the raising/lowering cycle, or

h) platform does not provide safe parking for the wheelchair, or

i) is not fitted with a constraint to prevent the wheelchair rolling off the platform, or

j) platform cannot be manually deployed and lowered.

Wheelchair ramps (Note 2)

6. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair ramp that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a PSV fitted with a wheelchair ramp on or after 1 July 2000, a wheelchair ramp and its fitting to a PSV:

a) does not, from the driving position, allow an unobstructed view of :

i. the exterior and interior of the doorway used for entry and exit, or

ii. the wheelchair parking position, or

iii. the ramp, unless where the ramp is power operated and cannot be seen clearly by the driver, or

b) if it is power operated and cannot be clearly seen by the driver, does not stop or retract if it meets an obstruction before it is fully extended, or

c) does not have on the ramp side edges:

i. a safety ridge, or

ii. a conspicuous stripe at least 20 mm wide, or

d) does not have adequate illumination of the fully extended ramp to enable safe use during the hours of darkness, or

e) if it is power operated, the ramp:

i. has no audible warning while the ramp is extending or retracting, or

ii. has no safety system to prevent the vehicle from moving off while the ramp is extended, or

iii. cannot be manually deployed and lowered in the event of a power failure.

7. A wheelchair ramp:

a) if side-mounted, has no device that warns the driver when the ramp is not stowed, or

b) has a moving part which touches the vehicle during the raising/lowering cycle.

Modification

8. An entry and exit step or ramp, or a wheelchair hoist or ramp, was modified since the last CoF inspection and there is no written confirmation that items affected by the modification comply with the requirements for entry certification.

Note 1

Wheelchair hoist means an appliance attached to the vehicle used for raising or lowering wheelchairs and their occupants into or out of the vehicle.

Note 2

Wheelchair ramp means an inclined platform that is either permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle to allow wheelchairs and their occupants into or out of the vehicle.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory requirement

1. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair ramp that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a PSV fitted with a wheelchair ramp on or after 1 July 2000, a wheelchair ramp and its fitting to a PSV must be certified by an LVV specialist certifier.

2. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair hoist that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a PSV fitted with a wheelchair hoist on or after 1 July 2000, a wheelchair hoist and its attachment to a PSV must be certified by an LVV specialist certifier.

3. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair hoist that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a PSV fitted with a wheelchair hoist on or after 1 July 2000, a wheelchair ramp or hoist must display a load rating of at least 300kg.

Condition and performance

4. The step-tread surfaces of entry and exit steps and ramps must be of a slip-resistant material.

5. Entry and exit steps and ramps must provide safe entry or exit for the occupants of a PSV.

6. External steps and ramps must be constructed so that they are not likely to injure any person.

Wheelchair hoists (Note 1)

7. The vehicle must be safe to be operated.

8. The components and materials must be fit for their purpose and within safe tolerance of their state when manufactured or modified.

Wheelchair ramps (Note 2)

9. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair ramp that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a PSV fitted with a wheelchair ramp on or after 1 July 2000:

a) there must be an unobstructed view from the driving position, either directly or indirectly of:

i. the exterior and interior of the doorway used for entry and exit, and

ii. the wheelchair parking position, and

iii. the ramp, except where the ramp is power operated and cannot be seen clearly by the driver, it must be fitted with a sensor so that the ramp stops or retracts if it meets an obstruction before it is fully extended, and

b) ramps must have a slip-resistant surface, and

c) ramps must have:

i. a safety ridge along the side edges, or

ii. a conspicuous stripe, at least 20mm wide, along the side edges, and

d) there must be adequate illumination of the fully extended ramp to enable safe use during the hours of darkness, and

e) power-operated ramps must:

i. be fitted with a device that gives audible warning while the ramp is extending or retracting, and

ii. have a safety system to prevent the vehicle from moving off while the ramp is extended, and

iii. be able to be operated in the event of power failure.

Modification

10. An entry and exit step or ramp, or a wheelchair hoist or ramp, fitted to or modified on a light PSV since it was last certified for operation in-service, must meet the requirements for entry certification.

Page amended 1 November 2017 (see amendment details)

Page updated 9 May 2018 (see details)

6-4 PSV emergency exits

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment
Emergency exits (Note 3)

1. The compartment (Note 2) of a class MD1 or MD2 PSV does not have at least two emergency exits (Note 6).

Signs and markings (Note 1) (MD1 and MD2 vehicles only)

2. A dedicated emergency exit does not have at least one of the following:

a) a coloured band on the inside frame, at least 20mm wide, which contrasts with the background

b) signs on the exit, both inside and outside the PSV, with the words EMERGENCY EXIT in letters that are at least 75mm high.

3. A clear sign instruction for opening the exit:

a) is not displayed on or next to every dedicated emergency exit and power-operated passenger entry and exit door, both inside and outside the PSV, or

b) does not include the word "Emergency" in letters that are at least 10mm high, or

c) does not have words or drawings that identify the exit, and that clearly identify and describe or illustrate its operating mechanism.

Dedicated emergency exits (Note 4)

4. A breakable-glass dedicated emergency exit does not have a device, (eg a hammer) that is capable of breaking the glass, fitted in a prominent position on or next to the glass inside the PSV.

5. The glazing of a breakable-glass dedicated emergency exit:

a) is laminated, or

b) is not made of readily breakable, toughened safety glass (refer to section 5-1 of this manual for markings), or

c) has been modified, covered or treated in a way which might adversely affect the breakability or the removal of the glass, eg it has a vinyl overlay (Note 7).

6. A chain or similar device used to retain a dedicated emergency exit is not easily breakable or detachable.

7. A seat which is designed to tilt out of the way to provide access to a dedicated emergency exit does not have:

a) a single-action tilting mechanism, or

b) a tilting mechanism that has an automatic locking device which locks the seat in the tilted position, or

c) operating instructions.

Performance
Dedicated emergency exits (Note 4)(MD1 and MD2 vehicles only)

8. The removal of a readily removeable glass-breaking device (eg a hammer) does not generate an audible or visible warning to the driver that the hammer has been removed or tampered with.

9. A dedicated emergency exit, including its control mechanisms or associated equipment:

a) is likely to injure or trap any person, if it is operated according to the operating instructions, or

b) does not open easily from both inside and outside the vehicle when stationary, or

c) has sharp edges on the frame, or

d) has security locks or similar devices that do not give audible and visible warning to the driver when the exit is locked and the engine is running.

10. Internal access to a dedicated emergency exit is obstructed.

11. A hinged or hatch-type dedicated emergency exit does not open easily from both inside and outside the PSV (Note 5).

12. The opening of a hinged or hatch-type dedicated emergency exit does not generate an audible warning to the driver that the opening mechanism is activated, with the exception of:

a) an emergency hatch in the floor of the upper deck of a double-decked vehicle

b) an emergency roof hatch, if its internal opening device is sealed in such a way that it is clearly apparent if the seal has been opened

c) an emergency window, if its internal opening device is sealed in such a way that it is clearly apparent if the seal has been opened.

Modification

13. An emergency exit was modified (including fitting or removal) since the last CoF inspection and there is no written confirmation that items affected by the modification comply with the requirements for entry certification.

Note 1

These requirements are for light PSV emergency exit signs. Section 7-10 covers signs and instructions generally.

Note 2

Compartment, for the purposes of emergency exits, means:

a) the separated driver’s compartment

b) the upper and lower passenger compartments of a double-decked vehicle

c) the front and rear sections of the passenger compartment of an articulated bus

d) the passenger compartment of a single-decked non-articulated bus.

Note 3

Emergency exit means:

a) a door used for the entry and exit of the occupants and, for this purpose, a door of double width is a single emergency exit

b) the access between the front and rear sections of an articulated bus

c) the stairway from the upper deck to the lower deck

d) a dedicated emergency exit.

Note 4

Dedicated emergency exit means any doorway, window, hatch or other opening that is designed and constructed solely to provide a means of leaving the vehicle in the event of an emergency.

Note 5

Check the operation of an emergency exit only if it can be done without causing damage.

Note 6

A sliding or similar type of dedicated emergency exit, which is likely to jam even with slight distortion of the vehicle body, must not be taken into account when counting the number of required emergency exits.

Note 7

An overlay may be fitted providing it has a gap of at least 4mm between the overlay material and the window edge where it meets the rubber seal or the edge of the adhesive. The gap must be around the entire perimeter of the exit and around a burst device.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment
Emergency exits (Note 3)

1. The compartment (Note 2) of a class MD1 or MD2 PSV must have at least two emergency exits.

Signs and markings (Note 1) (MD1 and MD2 vehicles only)

2. A dedicated emergency exit must have:

a) a coloured band on the inside frame, at least 20mm wide, which contrasts with the background, or

b) signs on the exit, both inside and outside the PSV, with the words EMERGENCY EXIT in letters that are at least 75mm high.

3. A clear instruction sign for opening the exit must be displayed:

a) both inside and outside the vehicle on or next to every:

i. power-operated passenger entry and exit door, and

ii. dedicated emergency exit, and

b) the clear instruction sign must include:

i. the word "Emergency" in letters that are at least 10mm high, and

ii. words or drawings that identify the exit, and clearly identify and describe or illustrate its operating mechanism.

Dedicated emergency exits (Note 4) (MD1 and MD2 vehicles only)

4. A breakable-glass dedicated emergency exit must have a device that is capable of breaking the glass to enable the safe exit of passengers, and:

a) is provided in a prominent position on or next to the glass, on the inside of the vehicle, and

b) if the device is readily removable, there must be an audible or visual alarm system that alerts the driver if the device is removed or tampered with.

5. Seats which are designed to tilt out of the way to provide access to a dedicated emergency exit must have:

a) a single-action tilting mechanism, and

b) a tilting mechanism that has an automatic locking device which locks the seat in the tilted position, and

c) operating instructions.

6. A chain or similar device used to retain the dedicated emergency exit must be easily breakable or detachable.

7. The glazing of a breakable-glass dedicated emergency exit must:

a) not be laminated, and

b) be made of readily breakable, toughened safety glass (refer to section 5-1 of this manual for markings), and

c) not be modified, covered or treated in a way which might adversely affect the breakability or the removal of the glass.

Performance
Dedicated emergency exits (Note 4)

8. A dedicated emergency exit, its control mechanisms and associated equipment must comply with the following requirements:

a) its operation must be unlikely to injure or trap any person, if it is operated according to the operating instructions, and

b) it must open easily from both inside and outside the vehicle when stationary, and

c) the frame must not have sharp edges, and

d) security locks or similar devices , if fitted, must have a device which gives audible and visible warning to the driver when the exit is locked and the engine is running.

9. Internal access to a dedicated emergency exit must not be obstructed.

10. A dedicated emergency exit must open easily from both inside and outside the PSV.

11. A dedicated emergency exit must have an audible alarm system to warn the driver if the opening mechanism is activated, with the exception of:

a) a breakable-glass dedicated emergency exit

b) an emergency hatch in the floor of the upper deck of a double-decked vehicle

c) an emergency roof hatch or emergency window, if its internal opening device is sealed in such a way that it is clearly apparent if the seal has been opened.

Modification

12. If an emergency exit or dedicated emergency exit is fitted to or modified on a light PSV since it was last certified for operation in-service, the emergency exit or dedicated emergency exit must meet the requirements for entry certification.

Page amended 1 October 2023 (see amendment details).

7 Vehicle interior

7-1 Seats and seat anchorages

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. The vehicle is not fitted with a driver’s seat.

2. A seat is not attached to the vehicle structure by seat anchorages.

Condition and performance

3. A seat frame or seat structure has been weakened, eg due to damage, corrosion or excessive wear.

4. The adjustment mechanism of a driver’s seat:

a) does not operate, or

b) is worn, causing excessive movement of the seat.

5. The attachment of the seat to the seat anchorage is loose or weakened by damage.

6. The attachment of the seat anchorage to the vehicle structure is loose or weakened by damage.

7. There is corrosion damage within 150mm of a seat anchorage (Note 4).

8. There is corrosion damage within 300mm of the anchorage of a seat with integrated seatbelt anchorages (Note 4).

9. A driver’s seat is in such a condition that it does not allow the driver to have proper control of the vehicle.

Modification

10. A modification (Note 3) carried out after 1 March 1999 affects a seat or seat anchorage, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card , or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13 .

Note 1

A seat may be able to be rotated or placed to face in different directions.

Note 2

Corrosion damage is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward sign of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Note 3 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Seat means an assembly, or part of an assembly, intended to seat at least one person, which may or may not be integral to the structure of the vehicle, and includes components, such as rails and runners, that attach to the seat anchorages.

Seat anchorages means the parts of the vehicle structure to which a seat is attached.

Note 4

Where the inspector is presented with a Nissan Terrano or Nissan Mistral vehicle of the type that is fitted with a two-layer (double skin) floor panel, the inspection procedure in Technical bulletin 2 must be followed.

Note 5

Where a seat with an integrated airbag is fitted with a seat cover that is not airbag compatible, this modification is allowed (a pass), but the inspector should advise the operator, for example by putting a note on the checksheet , that the seat airbag may not work properly in a crash. Airbag compatible seat covers are now readily available.

Note 6
  • Where a manufacturer fitted or LVV certified seat has been removed, a seatbelt is not required for that position, so any remaining seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage components are not required to be inspected.
  • Where an LVV certified seat has been temporarily removed, meaning that the information on the LVV plate differs from the vehicle, this is not on its own a reason for rejection.
  • Where seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage components remain fitted, and the vehicle is such that the removed seats can be readily re-fitted and used with the seatbelts, the vehicle inspector must:
    • identify which seats were missing when the vehicle was presented for inspection, and
    • advise the vehicle operator that the remaining seatbelt components have not been checked, and that if the missing seats are re-fitted at a later stage, it is the vehicle operators' responsibility to ensure that these seats and seatbelts are compliant prior to using them.

If the inspector chooses to inspect any remaining seatbelt components, then they should identify that to the vehicle operator. Any defects should be noted on the checksheet, but must not be failed. The same information as noted above must be recorded on the checksheet to make it clear that the responsibility lies with the vehicle operator if seats are re-fitted.

Table 7-1-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Aftermarket ‘Retro’ brand child seats designed for children 5–12 years old (up to 38kg)

  • the seat is identified as complying with the Australian Federal Code of Practice VSB-5A (category 2 and 3) and installed by Auckland Auto Trimmers or their agents before 1 June 2012.

Seats – modification or replacement or installation of a seat anchorage after 1 March 1999

  • the seat of unstressed type (see note 1) and is either an unmodified OE seat from another vehicle or of a known and reputable aftermarket brand, and
    • no airbag has been removed or disabled, and
    • the seat is fitted to unmodified OE seat anchorages, and
    • the seatbelt anchorage or operation is not affected or moved, and
    • the seat components (including brackets, runners and rails) are compatible with each other, i.e. they are either OE components from a production vehicle or of a known and reputable aftermarket brand, and are not fitted together by welding, and
    • the relationship between seat, seat occupant, front airbag and location of the seatbelt anchorages is not affected.

Note LVV certification is not required where the only modification is the removal of seats and/or seatbelts. However, a class change, and a new load rating may be required in some cases.

 Campervan conversions
  • The conversion was completed before 1/3/1999, or
  • The conversion was completed on or after 1/3/1999, and
    • no modifications were carried out to the vehicle rear wall, and
    • modifications to the roof meet the following requirements:
      • Only a single layer of sheet metal may be cut per roof opening, and
      • any bracing or structural elements have not been modified, and
      • no modifications are within 150mm of a seatbelt anchorage. and
    • no seats or seatbelt anchorages were retrofitted, or
  • There is evidence of certification of the modification from the company that carried out the modification, i.e. a secondary certification plate or label in the case of a motorhome conversion (see Technical bulletin 13).

See also Table 3-1-1 and Table 7-5-1

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Seat pads or covers (see (Note 5) for seats with integrated airbags)

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Any modification for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle must be fitted with a driver’s seat.

2. A seat in a motor vehicle must be fitted to the vehicle structure by means of seat anchorages.

Condition and performance

3. Seats and seat anchorages must be safe, strong, in sound condition and compatible in strength with each other and with the vehicle structure.

4. The driver’s seat and its anchorages must be designed, constructed and maintained to enable the driver to have proper control of the vehicle.

5. Seats and seat anchorages must be securely attached to the vehicle structure.

6. When a seatbelt or any part of the seatbelt is integral to a seat, the seat and seat anchorages must be compatible in strength with the seatbelt or with that part of the seatbelt attached to the seat.

Modification

7. A modification, on or after 1 March 1999 to a seat or seat anchorage must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-1-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 April 2021 (see amendment details).

7-2 PSV seating

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair or wheelchair and occupant restraint that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a light PSV fitted with a wheelchair occupant restraint on or after 1 July 2000, a wheelchair or wheelchair and occupant restraint has not been certified by an LVV specialist certifier.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

2. The driver's seat is not adjustable.

3. Refer to section 7-1, general vehicle pages.

4. There is a seat on the right-hand side of the driver’s seat.

5. A forward-facing passenger seat (other than one fitted with a seatbelt) does not have either another seat, a partition or a guard rail positioned no more than 1m in front of the front edge of the seat.

6. A vehicle, except any outdoor-access vehicle (Note 2), that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand:

a) before 1 July 2000 does not have armrests fitted to the open ends of sideways-facing seats, or

b) on or after 1 July 2000 does not have armrests fitted to sideways-facing seats at intervals of 1.8 m or less as well as to the open ends of sideways-facing seats.

7. A folding crew seat (Note 1):

a) is fitted other than in the stairwell of the front doorway, or

b) does not fold away automatically when unoccupied, or

c) does not have clear signs stating that the seats:

i. are for use by crew members only, or

ii. must be secured in the fold-away position when they are not being used.

Wheelchair and wheelchair-occupant restraints

8. A PSV that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, and is designed to carry a forward-facing wheelchair and occupant, is not fitted with a restraint system for a wheelchair.

9. A light PSV that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000 and that is designed to carry a rearward-facing wheelchair and occupant is not fitted with a backrest head support and a restraint system for a wheelchair.

10. A restraint system for a wheelchair, or for a wheelchair and occupant, on a vehicle that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or that was fitted with such equipment on or after 1 July 2000 does not include:

a) a horizontal handrail adjacent to the wheelchair parking position for wheelchair occupants to steady themselves while the passenger service vehicle is moving, or

b) a means of preventing the wheelchair from tipping backwards, or

c) a head support if the back of the wheelchair occupant’s head would be against a window, bulkhead or partition, or

d) a means of preventing the wheelchair from swinging out of position or tipping over, or

e) a sign adjacent to the wheelchair parking position stating that the restraint system must be secured and the wheelchair’s brakes applied, or

f) easily accessible quick-release mechanisms.

Condition and performance

11. Refer to section 7-1, general vehicle pages.

12. A wheelchair or wheelchair-occupant restraint does not meet the condition and performance requirements of section 7-5, general vehicle pages.

13. The driver does not have safe and reasonably easy access to the driver’s seat.

14. The driving controls are not protected, or located in such a way as to minimise the risk that they will be operated accidentally.

Modification

15. Refer to section 7-1, general vehicle pages.

16. A seat or seating arrangement, including a wheelchair or wheelchair occupant restraint system, has been modified since the last CoF inspection and there is no written confirmation that items affected by the modification comply with the requirements for entry certification.

Note 1

Crew, in relation to a PSV, means the person or group of persons in control or having responsibility for the operation of the vehicle or the wellbeing of the passengers.

Passenger means a person travelling in a vehicle but does not include the crew.

Note 2

Outdoor-access vehicle means a motor vehicle that is used to provide access to remote areas solely in connection with outdoor activities.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory requirement

1. On a vehicle fitted with a wheelchair or wheelchair and occupant restraint that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or on a light PSV fitted with a wheelchair occupant restraint on or after 1 July 2000, a wheelchair occupant restraint must be certified by an LVV specialist certifier.

Mandatory and permitted equipment

2. A driver's seat must be adjustable to ensure the driver has access to the driving controls.

3. Refer to section 7-1, general vehicle pages.

4. There must not be a seat on the right-hand side of the driver’s seat.

5. Every forward-facing passenger seat must have either another seat, a partition or a guard rail positioned no more than 1 m in front of the front edge of the seat unless the seat is fitted with a seatbelt.

6. A vehicle, except any outdoor-access vehicle (Note 2), that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand:

a) before 1 July 2000 must have armrests fitted to the open ends of sideways-facing seats, or

b) on or after 1 July 2000 must have armrests fitted to sideways-facing seats at intervals of 1.8 m or less as well as to the open ends of sideways-facing seats.

7. Folding crew seats (Note 1):

a) may be fitted only in the stairwell of the front doorway of a PSV, and

b) must fold away automatically when unoccupied, and

c) must have clear signs stating that the seats:

i. are for use by crew members only, and

ii. must be secured in the fold-away position when they are not being used.

Wheelchair and wheelchair-occupant restraints

8. A restraint system for a wheelchair, or for a wheelchair and occupant, on a vehicle that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000, or that was fitted with such equipment on or after 1 July 2000, must comply with all of the following requirements:

a) there must be a horizontal handrail adjacent to the wheelchair parking position for wheelchair occupants to steady themselves while the passenger service vehicle is moving, and

b) the wheelchair must be prevented from tipping backwards, and

c) a head support must be fitted if the back of the wheelchair occupant’s head would be against a window, bulkhead or partition, and

d) a restraint system must be fitted to prevent the wheelchair from swinging out of position or tipping over, and

e) there must be a sign adjacent to the wheelchair parking position stating that the restraint system must be secured and the wheelchair’s brakes applied, and

f) the restraint system must include easily accessible quick-release mechanisms.

9. A PSV that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000 that is designed to carry a forward-facing wheelchair and occupant must be fitted with a restraint system for a wheelchair.

10. A light PSV that entered passenger service in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000 that is designed to carry a rearward-facing wheelchair and occupant, must be fitted with a backrest head support and a restraint system for a wheelchair.

11. Refer to section 7-1, general vehicle pages.

12. The driver must have safe and reasonably easy access to the driver’s seat.

13. The driving controls must be protected, or located in such a way as to minimise the risk that they will be operated accidentally.

Modification

14. Refer to section 7-1, general vehicle pages.

15. If a passenger seat, crew seat, wheelchair restraint system, or wheelchair and occupant restraint system is fitted, relocated or modified in a light PSV since it was last certified for operation in-service, the passenger seat, crew seat, wheelchair restraint system or wheelchair and occupant restraint system must comply with the requirements for entry certification.

 

Page amended 1 October 2012 (see amendment details).

7-3 Head restraints

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. The external surfaces and padding of a head restraint have deteriorated to the extent that they are likely to injure a vehicle occupant.

2. An adjustable head restraint is unable to remain locked in its adjusted position.

Modification

3. A modification (Note 1) affects a head restraint, and

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-3-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Note 1 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Table 7-3-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Head restraint removal

  • A front head restraint must not be removed from a vehicle if:
    • there is a solid structure within 300mm behind the seat back, or
    • the vehicle is required to comply with a frontal impact occupant protection standard (Note 2)
  • A rear head restraint must not be removed from a vehicle if there is a solid structure within 300mm behind the seat back.

Fitting of aftermarket LCD screens to head restraints

  • the performance of the head restraint is not affected, ie the head restraint still provides sufficient padding for the seat occupant, and
  • the screen is fitted in a suitable manner, eg. it appears similar to OE fitments in other vehicles, or
  • the screen can be easily attached or removed.

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

  • Any modification for the purpose of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services
  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.
Note 2

The following vehicles with a GVM of 2500 kg or less are required to comply with such a standard:

  • class MA motor vehicles manufactured from 1 March 1999, and
  • class MA motor vehicles that were less than 20 years old when they were first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 April 2002, and
  • class MB or MC motor vehicles manufactured from 1 October 2003.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Permitted equipment

1. A motor vehicle may be fitted with head restraints.

Condition and performance

2. The external surfaces and padding of a head restraint must not have deteriorated to the extent that the likelihood of injury to an occupant of the vehicle is increased.

3. An adjustable head restraint must remain able to be adjusted and locked into position.

Modification

4. A modification that affects a head restraint must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-3-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 29 April 2020 (see amendment details).

7-4 PSV aisles

Note An unmodified vehicle is not required to comply with section 7-4 provided that it complies with either:

  • UN/ECE 36 and UN/ECE 66; UN/ECE 107 and UN/ECE 66; UN/ECE 52 or Directive 2001/85/EC.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A PSV does not have at least one of the following:

a) an aisle to provide unobstructed access throughout the PSV from each doorway used for passenger entry and exit

b) a door alongside every seat or every row of forward-facing or rearward-facing seats

c) a doorway that gives access to a compartment with fewer than nine seating positions in two rows of seats that face each other and opens into the space between the seats

d) in an outdoor-access vehicle with sideways-facing seats, at least a 300mm space between the front edges of seats which face each other, and at least 300mm foot room for any other seats.

Aisle steps and ramps

2. A flight of aisle steps, an internal ramp or a landing is not provided with handrails, handholds, or handgrips.

Aisles in a PSV used for standing passengers

3. A PSV with a certificate of loading that allows standing passengers is not fitted with handrails, handholds or handgrips whose number and location are appropriate for:

a) the number of passengers permitted to occupy the aisle, or

b) passengers of different heights.

Condition and performance

4. A light, push button, air vent or similar device:

a) projects more than 5mm into the required minimum aisle space, or

b) is not designed to minimise the risk of injury to passengers.

5. A handrail, handhold or handgrip is:

a) not suitable, or

b) not securely attached, or

c) in a condition such that it is likely to injure a person.

6. The aisle step-tread surfaces are:

a) not of a slip-resistant material, or

b) slippery or have deteriorated so that they are no longer safe to use.

Modification

7. An aisle arrangement was modified since the last CoF inspection and there is no written confirmation that items affected by the modification comply with the requirements for entry certification.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. An aisle is required in a PSV to provide unobstructed access throughout the PSV from each doorway used for passenger entry and exit, except where:

a) there is a door alongside every seat or every row of forward- or rearward-facing seats, or

b) a doorway:

i. gives access to a compartment with fewer than nine seating positions in two rows of seats which face each other, and

ii. opens into the space between the seats, or

c) the sideways-facing seats in an outdoor-access vehicle have at least a 300mm space between the front edges of seats which face each other, and there is at least 300mm foot room for any other seats.

Aisle steps and ramps

2. Aisle steps, internal ramps and landings must be provided with suitable handrails, handholds or handgrips.

Aisles in a PSV used for standing passengers

3. If the certificate of loading allows standing passengers to be carried on the PSV, handrails, handholds or handgrips must be fitted, whose number and location must be appropriate for the number of passengers permitted to occupy the aisle and for passengers of different heights.

Performance

4. An aisle, where required, must provide unobstructed access throughout the PSV from each doorway used for passenger entry and exit.

5. The aisle, where required, must be clear of any fixture, except that lights, push buttons, air vents, and similar devices may project up to 5mm into the required minimum aisle-height space, provided it is designed to minimise the risk of injury to passengers.

Aisle steps and ramps

6. The aisle step-tread surfaces must be of a slip-resistant material.

Modification

7. If an aisle in a PSV has been modified since it was last certified for operation in-service, the aisle must meet the requirements for entry certification.

Page amended 1 October 2012 (see amendment details).

7-5 Seatbelts and seatbelt anchorages

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment
  • see Note 20, Note 21

1. A seatbelt (Note 1) of the type specified in Table 7-5-1 (first registered in NZ before 1/1/1991), Table 7-5-2 (first registered in NZ between 1/1/1991 and 31/3/2002)and Table 7-5-3 (first registered in NZ from 1/4/2002) has not been fitted for the relevant seating position (see (Note 18) for permitted specialist seatbelts), and

a) the requirements for specific motor vehicles in Table 7-5-4 are not met, or

b) the requirements for modification in Table 7-5-5 are not met.

2. A seat that can be rotated or reversed to face in different directions, for which seatbelts are not provided for all directions, has no notice easily visible by the seat occupant that indicates the direction the seat must (or must not) face when the vehicle is moving.

3. A three-point seatbelt imported and distributed by BVL (Business Ventures Limited) and manufactured by Changzhou BWD, China or Jiang Su Jiu Jiu Traffic Facilities Co. Ltd. is installed (see Figure 7-5-6 for samples to help identify the seatbelts).

4. A re-webbed seatbelt is fitted without evidence of exemption from requirements by Waka Kotahi.

Condition
  • see Note 20
Seatbelts
  • see Figure 7-5-7 for guidance on webbing damage and Figure 7-5-8 for guidance on passable webbing indentations.

5. The seatbelt assembly is not securely fixed to a seatbelt anchorage.

6. A seatbelt component (eg protective plastic cover on buckle, tongue or retractor system) is damaged so that foreign objects may enter the interior components, or that they may cause damage to the interior components, mechanisms or webbing.

7. The seatbelt webbing (including webbing attached to the buckle) has:

a) a cut, including a cut on the surface, or

b) a rip or tear, or

c) fraying, or

d) stretching (eg the belt has unusual web patterns or the webbing is deformed, will not lie flat, or is curled or rippled) (see Figure 7-5-8 for exceptions), or

e) fading so that most of the colour has been bleached, and:

i. shows signs of chalking, or a powdery residue is evident on the webbing, or

ii. it has become stiff

f) been dyed to conceal fading, or

g) contamination from grease, paint, solvents or similar products.

h) been replaced or shows other signs of repair (Note 14) and there is no evidence of approval from the seatbelt manufacturer.
Note Such approval is very unlikely.

8. The seatbelt stitching:

a) is damaged or insecure, or

b) shows signs of home repair, eg gluing, stitching by hand or home sewing machine, staples, bolts, or rivets, or

c) indicates that the 'rip stitch' system has been activated, ie the stitching is broken and a 'REPLACE BELT' label has been exposed near the lower seatbelt anchorage, or this label has been cut off.

9. A buckle and tongue:

a) are mismatched, or

b) do not lock, or

c) do not remain locked, or

d) do not release easily, or

e) are insecure when coupled.

10. A component is missing (Note 19), or is cracked, distorted, damaged or deteriorated in such a way that:

a) its strength or integrity is reduced, or

b) it may damage another component or the webbing, or

c) foreign matter may enter the interior of the mechanism, or

d) the seatbelt or a seatbelt component cannot function as intended (does not apply to securely locked seatbelt height adjusters).

11. A seatbelt stalk:

a) (wire-cable type) shows broken wires, or

b) (plastic-covered webbing type) webbing has deteriorated, or is frayed, cut or faded, or

c) (solid metal type) is corroded, cracked or buckled, or

d) is not the correct type for the vehicle or the seating position.

12. A seatbelt pretensioning system has not been replaced after activation.

Seatbelt anchorages

13. A seatbelt anchorage (Note 12):

a) is not securely fixed to the vehicle structure, or

b) is not securely fixed to the seat if the seatbelt is an integral part of the seat, or

c) is corroded, damaged or shows signs of tampering, or

d) has evidence of corrosion damage (Note 13) (Note 17) or structural damage within 150mm of a lower seatbelt anchorage mounted in a wheel arch, or within 300mm of any other seatbelt anchorage.

Performance
  • see Note 19

14. The seatbelt webbing of a retractor-type seatbelt does not easily pull out from the retractor.

15. The seatbelt webbing of a retractor-type seatbelt has difficulty retracting, eg is slow or intermittent, or does not fully retract.

16. A static seatbelt cannot be adjusted to fit a variety of persons.

17. The seatbelt is not of sufficient length to fit a variety of persons.

18. A seatbelt is located so that it cannot be readily fastened or released by the wearer.

19. The web and/or vehicle sensitivity of a dual-sensitive retractor type seatbelt fitted in a front seating position does not function correctly.

20. The vehicle sensitivity of a single-sensitive retractor type seatbelt fitted in a front seating position does not function correctly.

21. The web sensitivity of a dual-sensitive retractor type seatbelt fitted in a rear seating position does not function correctly.

22. The vehicle sensitivity of a single-sensitive retractor type seatbelt fitted in a rear seating position does not function correctly.

Modification

23. A modification affects a seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage – including fitting of an alternative type of seatbelt, or a modification (since 1 January 1992) that affects a seatbelt anchorage, and

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 7–5–5), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13 .

24. The seatbelt assembly has been removed after it was rejected for one or more reasons for rejection due to Condition or Performance (above), whether or not the seatbelt is required to be fitted.

Note 1

Seatbelt means an assembly of straps made of webbing or metal with a securing buckle, adjusting devices and attachments, including any device for absorbing energy or for retracting the webbing, that is:

a) able to be anchored to the interior of a vehicle, and

b) designed to diminish the risk of injury to its wearer in the event of a collision or abrupt deceleration of the vehicle by
limiting the mobility of the wearer’s body.

Note 2

Retractor means a device to accommodate parts, or all, of the webbing of a seatbelt.

Note 3

Single-sensitive means a seatbelt retractor that, during normal driving conditions, allows freedom of movement by the wearer of the seatbelt by means of length-adjusting components that automatically adjust the seatbelt to the wearer, and that comprises a locking mechanism activated in an emergency by deceleration of the vehicle (ie the seatbelt is vehicle sensitive).

Note 4

Dual-sensitive means a seatbelt retractor that, during normal driving conditions, allows freedom of movement by the wearer of the seatbelt by means of length-adjusting components that automatically adjust the strap to the wearer, and that is activated by two or more of the following:

a) deceleration of the vehicle, or

b) acceleration of the strap from the retractor, or

c) other means of activation.

Note 5

Seating position means a seat or part of a seat that is of a suitable size and shape for one person.

Note 6

Outer seating position means a seating position next to a side wall of a vehicle where there is no more than 500mm between the longitudinal centre of the seat and the side wall.

Note 7

Middle seating position means a seating position in a vehicle that is not an outer seating position.

Note 8

Rear seating position means a seating position in a vehicle behind the driver.

Note 9

Monocoque, in relation to a motor vehicle, means that the chassis of the vehicle is integral to the body.

Note 10

Retrofit, in relation to a seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage in a motor vehicle, means to fit a seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage in a location where a seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage has not been fitted before.

Note 11

Motorhome means a motor vehicle, other than a trailer, that is permanently equipped with features intended to make the vehicle suitable as a dwelling place, and must include at least one sleeping berth and one table, both of which may be of a design that allows them to be retracted or folded away.

  • For the purposes of this section, motorhomes and campervans are interchangeable terms.

Note 12

Seatbelt anchorage means the parts of a vehicle structure, seat structure or any other part of the vehicle to which a seatbelt assembly is attached.

Note 13

Corrosion damage is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Note 14

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

  • Any repairs, such as webbing or retractor replacement, must be approved by the seatbelt manufacturer. Any modification, such as fitting a different type of seatbelt or a seatbelt extension, must be approved by the seatbelt or vehicle manufacturer. It is very unlikely that a repair or modification will be approved by the vehicle or seatbelt manufacturer. Where such approval is claimed, the inspector must request appropriate evidence.
Note 15

Specialist seatbelt means a seatbelt that is designed for specialist purposes, and includes a full harness seatbelt used for motorsport activities.

Note 16

Permanent structure means a non-removable structure capable of sustaining loads associated with seatbelts and seatbelt anchorages.

Note 17

Where the inspector is presented with a Nissan Terrano or Nissan Mistral vehicle of the type that is fitted with a two-layer (double skin) floor panel, the inspection procedure in Technical bulletin 2 must be followed.

Note 18

A vehicle may be fitted with seatbelts other than of type L, S, R1 or R2 only if the seatbelts are of a specialist type (eg full harness seatbelts), and:

a) the specialist seatbelts are the vehicle manufacturer’s original equipment specification, or

b) the specialist seatbelts have been fitted for a specific purpose (eg motorsport), and the operator produces a valid LVV authority card, or

c) the vehicle is scratchbuilt and the specialist seatbelts are noted on the LVV plate.

Note 19

Some class MA vehicles must have a type R2 webbing clamp seatbelt in a front outer seating position when a type R1 or R2 seatbelt in that position failed an in-service inspection because of its condition or performance. Refer to Technical bulletin 5 for requirements and exceptions.

Note 20

Where a seat has been removed, a seatbelt is not required for that position, and any remaining seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage components are not required to be inspected. Where seatbelt or seatbelt anchorage components remain fitted, and the vehicle is such that the removed seats can be readily re-fitted and used with the seatbelts, the vehicle inspector must:

  • Identify which seats were missing when the vehicle was presented for inspection, and
  • Advise the vehicle operator that the remaining seatbelt components have not been checked, and that if the missing seats are re-fitted at a later stage, it is the vehicle operators' responsibility to ensure that these seats and seatbelts are compliant prior to using them.

If the inspector chooses to inspect any remaining seatbelt components, then they should identify that to the vehicle operator. Any defects should be noted on the checksheet, but must not be failed. The same information as noted above must be recorded on the checksheet to make it clear that the responsibility lies with the vehicle operator if seats are re-fitted.

Note 21

Except as provided by Table 7-5-5, any seatbelt fitted to a seating position of a vehicle—either having been entry certified (as originally manufactured or modified) or subsequently specialist certified—must remain and be restored when damaged. It cannot be removed on the grounds that Table 7-5-1, Table 7-5-2, or Table 7-5-3 doesn’t require the seatbelt.

Key to Table 7-5-1, Table 7-5-2 and Table 7-5-3: Types of seatbelts1

No seatbelt required

L

Lap seatbelt

S

Static lap-and-diagonal seatbelt without a retractor (Note 2)

R1

Single-sensitive emergency-locking retractor (ELR) lap and diagonal seatbelt (Note 3)

R2

Multiple- (dual-) sensitive emergency-locking retractor lap-and-diagonal seatbelt (Note 4)

1 A requirement for a specified type of seatbelt may be met by the type specified or another type below it in the key.

Table 7-5-1. Vehicles first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1991

Vehicle class

Seating position (Note 5)

First registered anywhere

1/1/1955–31/10/1979

1/11/1979–31/12/1990

MA, MB, MC
LE (without motorcycle controls)
(tare <2000 kg)

Front outer and driver’s (Note 6)

S2

R21, 3

Front middle (Note 7)

L

Rear outer (Note 8)

R2 or R1 or S

Rear middle

L

NA (tare <2000 kg)

Front outer and driver’s

S2

R21

Front middle

L

1 A four-wheel-drive vehicle may be fitted with type S or type R1 seatbelts in the front outer seating position.

2 May retain OE seatbelts, but replacement seatbelts must be of type S, R1 or R2.

3 A class MA vehicle must have a type R2 webbing clamp seatbelt in a front outer seating position, when a type R1 or R2 seatbelt in that position failed an in-service inspection because of its condition or performance.
Refer to Technical bulletin 5 for requirements and exceptions.

Key to Table 7-5-1, Table 7-5-2 and Table 7-5-3: Types of seatbelts1

No seatbelt required

L

Lap seatbelt

S

Static lap-and-diagonal seatbelt without a retractor (Note 2)

R1

Single-sensitive emergency-locking retractor (ELR) lap and diagonal seatbelt (Note 3)

R2

Multiple- (dual-) sensitive emergency-locking retractor lap-and-diagonal seatbelt (Note 4)

1 A requirement for a specified type of seatbelt may be met by the type specified or another type below it in the key.

Table 7-5-2. Vehicles first registered in New Zealand 1 January 1991 to 31 March 2002

Vehicle class

Seating position

First registered anywhere

  

1/1/1955–
31/10/1979

1/11/1979–
31/3/2002

MA, MB, MC
LE (without motorcycle controls)

Front outer and driver’s

S1, 2

R25, 6

Front middle

L

Rear outer

R2 or R1 or S1

Rear middle

L or S or R1 or R2

NA

Front outer and driver’s

S1, 2

R25

Front middle

L

MD1, MD2

Front outer and driver’s

R23, 4, 5

 

Front middle

L4

1 Tare weight less than 2000 kg.

2 May retain OE belts, but replacement belts must be of type S, R1 or R2.

3 Applies to MD2 only if of monocoque construction (Note 9).

4 If seatbelts are not fitted, but anchorages are fitted, must have seatbelts fitted from 1 October 2002. If anchorages are not fitted, seatbelts must be retrofitted from 1 October 2003.

5 Front type R1 seatbelts may remain fitted if they were fitted as OE and have a declaration issued by an entry certifier, or a plate affixed to the vehicle in a position approved by the Transport Agency (see Figure 7-5-2, Figure 7-5-3, Figure 7-5-4, Figure 7-5-5 and Figure 7-5-6). If missing, refer the vehicle to an entry certifier.

6 A class MA vehicle must have a type R2 webbing clamp seatbelt in a front outer seating position, when a type R1 or R2 seatbelt in that position failed an in-service inspection because of its condition or performance. Refer to Technical bulletin 5 for requirements and exceptions.

Key to Table 7-5-1, Table 7-5-2 and Table 7-5-3: Types of seatbelts1

No seatbelt required

L

Lap seatbelt

S

Static lap-and-diagonal seatbelt without a retractor (Note 2)

R1

Single-sensitive emergency-locking retractor (ELR) lap and diagonal seatbelt (Note 3)

R2

Multiple- (dual-) sensitive emergency-locking retractor lap-and-diagonal seatbelt (Note 4)

1 A requirement for a specified type of seatbelt may be met by the type specified or another type below it in the key.

Table 7-5-3. Vehicles first registered in New Zealand from 1 April 2002

Vehicle class

Seating position

Manufactured

1/1/1955–31/10/1979

1/11/1979–30/9/2003

1/10/2003–

MA, MB, MC
LE (without motorcycle controls)

Front outer and driver’s

S1, 2

R25, 6

R25, 6

Front middle

L

L

Rear outer

R2 or R1 or S1

L8 or R2 or R1

Rear middle

L or S or R1 or R2

L or S or R1 or R2

NA (excluding motorhomes manufactured from 1 October 2003, refer to Table 7-5-4)

Front outer and driver’s

S1, 2

R25

R25

Front middle

L

L

Rear outer

R2 or R1

Rear middle

L or S or R1 or R2

MD1, MD27

Front outer and driver’s

R23, 4, 5

R25

Front middle

L3, 4

L

Rear outer

L8 or R2 or R1

Rear middle

L or S or R1 or R2

1 Tare weight less than 2000 kg.

2 May retain OE belts, but replacement belts must be of type S, R1 or R2.

3 Applies to MD2 only if of monocoque construction (Note 9).

4 If seatbelts are not fitted, but anchorages are fitted, must have seatbelts fitted from 1 October 2002. If anchorages are not fitted, seatbelts must be retrofitted from 1 October 2003 (Note 10).

5 Front type R1 seatbelts may remain fitted if they were fitted as OE and have a declaration issued by an entry certifier, or a plate affixed to the vehicle in a position approved by the Transport Agency (see Figures 7-5-2 to 7-5-6). If missing, refer the vehicle to an entry certifier.

6 A class MA vehicle must have a type R2 webbing clamp seatbelt in a front outer seating position, when a type R1 or R2 seatbelt in that position failed an in-service inspection because of its condition or performance. Refer to Technical bulletin 5 for requirements and exceptions.

7MD2 vehicles must be issued with a CoF, please refer the vehicle to the nearest CoF testing station.

8 For motorhomes only.

Table 7-5-4. Requirements for specific motor vehicles

Specific vehicles

Mandatory equipment

Sideways-facing seating positions

1. A Land Rover manufactured before 1 January 1991 does not require a seatbelt to be fitted.

2. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand before 1 October 2002 must have a seatbelt of any type fitted.

3. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 October 2002 must have a lap seatbelt fitted.

Vehicles without a structure to fit required seatbelts

4. A vehicle manufactured before 1 October 2003 may be fitted with lap belts in any seating position if the vehicle has a permanent structure that ends less than 500mm above the top of the uncompressed seat cushion (measured from a point 150mm forward of the lowest part of the back cushion), and OE upper seatbelt anchorages are not fitted.

5. A class MA or MC vehicle manufactured before 1 October 2003 may be fitted with static lap-and-diagonal seatbelts in outer seating positions instead of R2 type seatbelts if the vehicle has a permanent structure that ends less than 500mm above the top of the uncompressed seat cushion (measured from a point 150mm forward of the lowest part of the back cushion).

6. A class MA or MC vehicle first registered outside New Zealand before 1 November 1979 that does not have B-pillars, and does not have seatbelts or seatbelt anchorages fitted for the front-outer seating positions, may be fitted with lap belts if the inspector has determined that it is not practicable to retrofit upper anchorages for static lap-and-diagonal seatbelts, and the lower anchorages have been certified to the LVV Code if retrofitted after 1 April 2002, or LVV code or ST120395 if retrofitted prior to 1 April 2002.

Note The vehicle inspector may accept documentation issued by the LVVTA (see Figure 7-5-5) that verifies that the vehicle does not have a suitable structure to fit required seatbelts.

Motorhomes
(Note 11)

7. Motorhomes manufactured prior to 1 October 2003 or motor vehicles converted to motorhomes prior to 1 October 2003 must have seatbelts fitted that are appropriate for the class of vehicle in which the vehicle was registered when it was registered as a motorhome.

8. Motorhomes manufactured from 1 October 2003 or motor vehicles converted to motorhomes from 1 October 2003 must be fitted with the following seatbelts and notice:

a) front seating positions: seatbelts must be fitted as specified for class MB vehicles in Table 7–5–3

b) rear seating positions: at least as many lap (type L) or lap-and-diagonal (type R1 or R2) seatbelts as there are sleeping berths minus the number of front seating positions.

c) a notice must be displayed in a prominent location that recommends, on safety grounds, that when the vehicle is travelling, passengers use seats that are fitted with seatbelts, and that advises passengers that it is compulsory to wear fitted seatbelts.

Motor vehicles that transport detained persons

9. A motor vehicle designed exclusively for transporting a person detained by the NZ Police or the Department of Corrections or a person acting on their behalf must comply with requirements for front seating positions, but does not have to comply with requirements for other seating positions.

Table 7-5-5. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Seatbelts

  • the modification is approved by the seatbelt or vehicle manufacturer (note that such approval is unlikely, but the inspector must ask for proof if approval is claimed) (Note 14), or
  • the modification is temporary for the accommodation of a child restraint, and does not:

– affect the performance of the child restraint, or

– cause injury to a vehicle occupant, or

– cause damage to the seatbelt.

Top-tether anchorage for a child seat or harness

  • the installation has been carried out in accordance with the instructions of the seat or harness manufacturer.

Stereo equipment and speakers

  • any modification or fitting carried out before 1/1/1992

If fitted to the rear parcel shelf:

  • no upper seatbelt anchorage is attached to the shelf or any shelf support bracket, and
  • in the case of a top tether point for a child seat attached to the rear shelf, the top tether point is not located within 150 mm of a modification to a rear parcel shelf, and
  • the removal of any material from the rear shelf is minimal and is unlikely to have weakened the vehicle structure to which a seatbelt anchorage is attached.

If fitted to a part of the vehicle other than the rear parcel shelf:

  • The fitting has not weakened the vehicle structure (Note 22)
  • The stereo equipment or speakers fitted in the passenger compartment:
    • present no additional risk of injury, and
    • are securely fastened by mechanical means.
Campervan conversions
  • The conversion was completed before 1/3/1999, or
  • The conversion was completed on or after 1/3/1999, and
    • no modifications were carried out to the vehicle rear wall, and
    • modifications to the roof meet the following requirements:
      • only a single layer of sheet metal may be cut per roof opening, and
      • any bracing or structural elements have not been modified, and
      • no modifications are within 150mm of a seatbelt anchorage, and
    • no seats or seatbelt anchorages were retrofitted, or
  • There is evidence of certification of the modification from the company that carried out the modification, i.e. a secondary certification plate or label in the case of a motorhome conversion (see Technical bulletin 13).

See also Table 3-1-1 and Table 7-7-1

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Rear seatbelts fitted to class MD1, MD2 and NA vehicles before 1 March 1999

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Replacing a type R1 or R2 seatbelt with a webclamp R1 or R2 seatbelt (eg where Technical bulletin 5 applies)

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Removal of seatbelts (full or partial) where the seating position has been removed.

Table 7-5-6. Specific seatbelt exemptions

Key to exemption codes

Front out-board seating positions

F1

Seatbelts may be static or single sensitive.

F2

Seatbelts may be single sensitive, that is web or vehicle sensitive.

F3

Seatbelts may be vehicle sensitive only.

F4

Seatbelts may be web sensitive only.

F5

Driver’s seatbelt may be approved lap belt.

Seating positions behind the driver

R1

All seatbelts may be approved lap belts.

R2

Forward-facing folding seats may be fitted with approved lap belts.

R3

Side-facing folding seats behind the driver are not required to have seatbelts fitted.

R4

Rear seats occupied by prisoners are not required to have seatbelts.

Note Exemptions (other than R4 and F5) are only available for vehicles first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1991.

The following exemptions are applicable only to vehicles first registered in New Zealand before 1 January 1991:

Bedford CF: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: 97360JZ7: 860638, 860640, 860641, 860643, 860644. 97560JZ7: 859025, 859026, 859027, 859029, 859031, 859032, 859035, 860581. 97370JZ7: 855826, 855827, 855835, 855836, 856133, 856769, 856733, 856775, 858021, 858026, 858027, 859127, 858593, 858594, 858596, 858599, 859200, 859469, 859471, 859473, 859474, 859475, 859477, 859479, 859529, 859531, 859533, 859535, 859536, 860163, 860837, 860848, 860938, 860939, 860941, 860944, 862061, 862067. 97G70JZ7: 856782, 860142, 860144, 860147, 860148, 860150, 860152, 861858, 861859, 861860, 861861, 861862, 861863, 861868, 862265, 862266, 862267, 862268, 862270, 862271, 862273, 862274, 862276. 97570JZ7: 853277, 855402, 855405, 855407, 855408, 855409, 855410, 855411, 855412, 856702, 856709, 856711, 856713, 858402, 858404, 858408, 858410, 858641, 858642, 858643, 858644, 859087, 859088, 859089, 959093, 859096, 861456, 861457, 861459, 861953, 861954. 97770JZ7: 851548. 97360JZ7: 800842, 860634, 860644, 861767. 97370JZ7: 851296, 853467, 854403, 854404, 854529, 854836, 855418, 855729, 855734, 855735, 855766, 855826, 856051, 856133, 856261, 856616, 856653, 856769, 856917, 857154, 857157, 858024, 858593, 858594, 859014, 859020, 859024, 859196, 859197, 859474, 859530, 860160, 860848, 860933, 860942, 862061, 862065, 862288, 862458, 862468, 862653, 863080, 863204, 863205, 863208, 863210, 863211, 863212, 864817. 97G70JZ7: 854097, 855062, 855063, 856783, 856790, 857907, 859349, 859350, 859358, 860141, 860142, 860144, 860148, 861858, 861860, 861867, 862265, 862276, 862271. 97560JZ7: 859035. 87570JZ7: 852305, 854309, 854310, 854314, 854319, 854463, 854544, 855774, 855780, 855783, 857463, 857714, 858406, 858412, 861460. 97670JZ7: 860145. 97770JZ7: 852373, 856250

Citroen 2CV: Exemption code R1

Chrysler Avenger: Exemption code R1: Vehicles with model prefix: BP

Daihatsu Charade: Exemption codes F1, R1: Serial numbers: XTE: G10-GMG: 830230, 830331, 830379, 830388, 830402, 830416, 830442, 830453, 830490, 830518, 830540, 830558, 830571, 830579, 830602, 830611, 830631, 830646, 830663, 830672, 830697, 830713, 830733, 830747, 830761, 830792, 830801, 830815, 823244, 823291, 823313, 823428, 831579, 831609, 831630, 831643, 831679, 831747, 831777, 831833, 831849, 831885, 831917, 831963, 831973, 832018, 832064, 854309. XG: G10-GMD: 830280, 830305, 830393, 830510, 830599, 830617, 830654, 830691, 830711, 830719, 830764, 830798, 830820. XG: G10-GKD: 830345, 830526, 830637, 830683, 830770

Daihatsu Delta: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: VT24T-C: 90990, 91015, 91016, 91028, 91029, 91032, 91033, 91054, 91091, 91094-91099, 91100-91128, 91165-91200. V24W-C: 91129, 91131, 91133-91138. S60P: 022366

Daihatsu Rocky: Exemption codes R2, R3: Models: F75RV-BG, F75RV-MBGT and F85-VBG

Datsun 180SX: Exemption code F4: Serial numbers: KHS110: 000074, 000124, 000580, 000583, 000585, 000589, 000591, 000594, 000597, 000603, 000607, 000611, 000615, 000618, 000621, 000624, 000630, 000640, 000644, 000645, 000649, 000651, 000655, 000658, 000660, 000663, 000680, 000687, 000689, 000695, 000697, 0006999

Datsun Cherry: Exemption code F1: Series: BF10

Fiat 128: Exemption code F2: FA289 to FA336

Ford Cortina wagon: Exemption code R1: Serial numbers: CLBNVJ: 35642, 38051, 38052, 38053. CLBNVL: 30889, 31516. CLBNVT: 32987, 32998, 35480, 35488, 35498, 35502, 35503, 35504, 35505, 35507, 35508, 35511, 35514, 35524, 35526, 35532, 35533, 35545, 35581, 36548. CLBNVY: 32881, 32885, 32909, 32925, 32926, 32969

Ford Cortina sedan: Exemption code R1: CLBFVE: 28977, 29656. CLBFVJ: 37727, 37745, 37758, 37761, 37798, 37799, 37808, 37818, 37855, 37890, 37906, 37957, 37958, 37984, 38354, 38373, 38374. CLBFVL: 29738, 30749, 30845, 31404, 31429, 31448, 32172, 32313, 32688. CLBFVY: 30320, 30815, 31448, 32629, 32374, 32391, 32680, 35024, 35030. CLBFVS: 32352, 32361, 32796, 32840, 32844, 32852, 32861, 34220, 34248, 34255, 34258, 34262, 34264, 34265, 34267, 34269, 34272, 34274, 34280, 34296, 34298, 34299, 34310, 34322, 34328, 34341, 34962, 34963, 34986, 35173, 35183, 35233, 35246, 35267, 35271, 35277, 35280, 35281, 35282, 35285, 35291, 35330, 35333, 35340, 35367, 35369, 35370, 35384, 35395, 35396, 35401, 35402, 35407, 35408, 35410, 35411, 35412, 35416, 35419, 35420, 35430, 35434, 35442, 35444, 35450, 35452, 35454, 35457, 35612, 35728, 36589, 36590, 36591, 36593, 36598, 36600, 36604, 36605, 36607, 36608, 36614, 36615, 36616, 36618, 36623, 36630, 36631, 36633, 36892, 36893, 36894, 36896, 36898, 36900, 36901, 36908, 36911, 36921, 37451, 37593, 37595, 37627, 37642. CLBFVT: 35534, 35566, 36539, 36541, 36546, 36547, 36549, 36553, 36554, 36555, 36556, 35564, 36565, 36569, 36571, 36577, 36923, 36925, 36926, 36927, 36929, 36941, 36946, 36950, 36951, 36952, 36953, 36956, 36960, 36964, 36965, 36966, 36972, 36975, 36979, 36980, 36981, 36982, 36983, 3685, 36990, 37641, 37642, 37644, 37645, 37649, 37651, 37652, 37653, 37656, 37657, 37659, 37660, 37661, 37664, 37666, 37670, 37674, 37675, 37676, 37677, 37679, 37680, 37686, 37692, 37694, 37697, 37698, 3799, 37700, 37701, 37702, 37704, 37705, 37706, 37707, 37708, 37710, 37711, 37714, 37716, 37733, 37736, 37737, 37775, 37992, 37994, 37996, 37997, 37999, 38000, 38001, 38002, 38004, 38007, 38008, 38011, 38012, 38013, 38018, 38022, 38024, 38028, 38030, 38032, 38035, 38037, 38038, 38039, 39648. BABFWD: 44439, 44444, 44446, 44449, 44450

Ford Escort wagon: Exemption code R1: Serial numbers: CLADVS: 30987, 30998, 31001, 31018, 31022, 31024, 31025, 31033, 39140. CLADVT: 37320

Holden HZ utility: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: 8N80TJZ7: 0048Z, 00049, 00053, 00059, 00065, 00904, 00907, 00913, 00918, 00923, 00929, 00931, 00934, 00941, 00949, 00950, 00951, 00953, 00954, 00956. 8N80DJZ7: 99950Z, 99956, 99959, 99966, 99969, 99977, 99981, 99984, 99985, 99987, 99991. 8N80JZ7: 00891, 00893, 00898, 00902, 00903, 00905, 00908, 00911, 00916, 00917, 00947, 00948, 00986, 00993, 00996, 01002, 01003, 01008, 01038, 01042, 01062, 01100, 01101, 01102, 01103, 01026, 01050, 01070, 01074, 01090, 01085, 01087, 01092, 01093, 01094, 01152, 99951, 99955. 8N80DJZ7: 98169Z. 8N80LJZ7: 0128Z, 01990Z, 97844Z, 97854Z, 98216Z, 99259Z, 99276Z. 8N80TJZ7: 00051Z, 00893Z, 00922Z, 00932Z, 00946Z, 00957Z, 97107Z

Holden One Ton chassis/cab: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: 8M60JZ7: 01113, 01117, 01121, 01123Z, 01124, 01125, 01136, 01138, 01141, 01142, 01145, 01146, 01169, 98821, 98833, 98846, 98851. 8M60LJZ7: 01105Z, 01124Z, 01136Z, 01141Z, 96554Z, 98725Z, 98801Z, 98857Z, 98861Z, 99902Z

Isuzu Gemini model PF50: Exemption code F3: Serial numbers: 6709544 to 548, 6709806 to 810, 6714557 to 576, 6715252 to 261, 6715835 to 844, 6720255 to 264, 6702417 to 436, 6720675 to 681, 6725925 to 934, 6726142 to 151, 6726286 to 295, 6726536 to 545, 6731789 to 791, 6732010 to 017, 6732219 to 227, 6732425 to 432, 6732635 to 642, 6732826 to 829, 6736172 to 181

Isuzu KAG51 light commercial: Exemption code F1

Isuzu Space cab TFR17HPRRML: Exemption code R1

Isuzu TLD23: Exemption code F1

Kawasaki KAP-300 Mule 500: Exemption code F5

Land Rover all models: Exemption code R3

Mitsubishi L300 all types (includes Delica): Exemption codes F1, R1

Mitsubishi Colt 1400 light commercial: Exemption code F1

Mitsubishi Galant Sigma Estate: Exemption code R1: Any chassis number less than GQ7445 1753

NZ Police prisoner vans: Exemption code R4

Renault Alpine V6 GT D50005: Exemption code R1

Renault Alpine V6 GT Turbo D50105: Exemption code R1

Subaru 1600 GFT: Exemption code R1: Serial numbers: 002019, 002121, 002122, 002123, 002124, 002127, 002128, 002129, 002130, 002131, 002132, 002133, 002134, 002135, 002136, 002137, 002138, 002139, 002140, 002144, 002149, 002150, 002151, 002153, 002158, 002161, 002162, 002163, 002164, 002169, 002172, 002173, 002174, 002175, 002176, 002177, 002178, 002180, 002182, 002183, 002184, 002185, 002186, 002187, 002188, 002191, 002192, 002197, 002201, 002202, 002430, 002431, 002432, 002433, 002436, 002443, 002444, 002446, 002447, 002448, 002449, 002453, 002454, 002455, 002456, 002457, 002458, 002459, 002460, 002461, 002465, 002469, 002470, 002476, 002478

Subaru Domingo van: Exemption code R1: 1986 and 1987 models

Subaru 700 van: Exemption code R1: 1986 and 1987 models

Suzuki ST80: Exemption code F1: ST80 KRA: 0003, 0010, 0034, 0036, 0044, 0049, 0050, 0079, 0096

Suzuki ST90: Exemption code F1: ST90 KRA: 0097 to 0132. ST90 VRA: 0133 to 0493

Toyota Corolla mode: Exemption code F4: Serial numbers: KE 35R-KSB: up to serial number 3681

Toyota Corona estate: Exemption code R1: Serial numbers: TT132RG-TWKDS: up to unit number 781. TT132RG-TWHDS: up to unit number 381

Toyota Dyna chassis/cab: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: RU20R-QRBT3 (petrol): up to serial number 171. RU30R-QRDHT3 (diesel): up to serial number 151

Toyota Hi-Ace van: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: RH20RV-JRE: up to serial number 1381

Toyota Hi-Ace chassis/cab: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: RH11R-JR3: up to serial number 391

Toyota Hilux chassis/cab: Exemption code F1: Serial numbers: RN40R-JRS3: up to serial number 401. RN41R-JR3 up to serial number 171

Toyota Hilux 850 double cab: Exemption code R1: Serial numbers: YN 65: 0002226, 0002916 to 0002925, 0002946 to 0002955, 0002993 to 0003002, 0003235 to 0003264, 0003306 to 0003335, 0003489 to 0003498, 0003733 to 0003742, 0003827 to 0003836, 0003951 to 0003960, 0003994 to 0004003, 0004075 to 0004084.

Toyota Lite Ace: Exemption code R1: Model: KM20RV-JRZ or YM20RV-MR

Figure 7-5-1. Corrosion limits around seatbelt anchorages

Figure 7-5-1. Corrosion limits around seatbelt anchorages >

See also figures for corrosion limits to structure (section 3-1), hinge and latch anchorages (section 6-1), and front or rear suspension anchorages (section 9-1).

Figure 7-5-2. Example of seatbelt declaration: Approved Certifier’s Declaration

Figure 7-5-2. Example of seatbelt declaration: Approved Certifier’s Declaration

Figure 7-5-3. Example of seatbelt declaration: TSD Agent’s Declaration

Figure 7-5-3. Example of seatbelt declaration: TSD Agent’s Declaration

Figure 7-5-4. Example of plate fitted to a vehicle that may retain single-sensitive front seatbelts

Figure 7-5-4. Example of plate fitted to a vehicle that may retain single-sensitive front seatbelts

Figure 7-5-5. FS012 Upper seatbelt anchorage request form

5

Figure 7-5-6. Identifying seatbelts by BVL (Business Ventures Limited) and manufactured by Changzhou BWD, China or Jiang Su Jiu Jiu Traffic Facilities Co. Ltd.

Figure 7-5-7. Examples for seatbelt webbing damage guidance
PassMarginal (see note below)Fail

Light edge fluff: very little damage to outer weave

Moderate edge fluff: some damage to outer weave

Heavy edge fluffing/fraying or pulled ‘tufts’ of thread: outer weave heavily compromised

Deformation in webbing with no cut threads or significant pulls

Significant pull in webbing, no cut threads. Pull may start to disappear if webbing is worked

Cut threads/hole

Note: If marginal, pass if the belt is still in good condition other than the marginal damage. Advise owner that the seatbelt is worn and recommend a replacement.

Figure 7-5-8. Child restraint indentations on seatbelt webbing

The following examples of damage to seatbelt webbing from certain types of child restraints should be passed for WoF and CoF purposes, assuming no threads are cut.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle must be fitted with seatbelts (for seating positions) as specified in Table 7-5-1, Table 7-5-2 and Table 7-5-3, or as specified for specific vehicles in Table 7-5-4, or as specified in requirement 2 below, unless an exemption in Table 7-5-5 applies.

2. A seat that can be rotated or reversed to face in different directions: if seatbelts are not provided for all directions, a notice easily visible by the seat occupant must be placed inside the vehicle, indicating the direction the seat must face so that a seatbelt may be worn while the vehicle is moving.

Permitted equipment

3. A vehicle fitted with a seatbelt and seatbelt anchorage in a position where these are not required must meet the condition and performance requirements for seatbelts and seatbelt anchorages.

Condition
Seatbelts (see Figure 7-5-7)

4. A seatbelt must be of a design suitable for the vehicle, and must be strong, secure and in sound condition.

5. Seatbelt webbing must not be cut, stretched, frayed or faded, or have otherwise deteriorated so as to reduce the performance of the seatbelt.

6. Seatbelt webbing must be securely attached to the tongue or the adjusting buckle and to any fittings that secure a seatbelt to the seatbelt anchorages.

7. The strands of the steel cables of a seatbelt stalk must not be damaged or have deteriorated, and the seatbelt stalk must not have any other weaknesses that could reduce its performance.

8. Seatbelt buckles, retractor mechanisms or any other fittings intended to ensure the safe use of the seatbelt must not have deteriorated below safe tolerance.

Seatbelt anchorages

9. A seatbelt anchorage and its mounting location:

a) must be of a strength appropriate to both the motor vehicle and the attached seatbelt

b) must be structurally sound and free of corrosion, and

c) must not be damaged or distorted.

10. When a seatbelt or part of a seatbelt is integral to a seat, the seat and seat anchorages must be compatible in strength with the seatbelt or with that part of the seatbelt attached to the seat.

Performance

11. A seatbelt must be in good working order.

12. A seatbelt must be able to be adjusted by the wearer.

13. A seatbelt must be able to be readily fastened and released by the wearer.

Modification

14. A seatbelt must not have been modified (Note 14) since 1 January 1992, except where:

a) the modification is approved by the seatbelt or vehicle manufacturer

b) the seatbelt has been modified temporarily to accommodate a child restraint, provided the modification:

i. does not affect the performance of the child restraint, and

ii. is not likely to cause injury to a vehicle occupant, and

iii. does not cause damage to the seatbelt.

15. The fitting of an alternative type of seatbelt (Note 15) or a modification that affects a seatbelt anchorage must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-5-5), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 October 2022 (see amendment details).

7-6 Frontal impact airbags

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A deployed frontal impact airbag has not been replaced.

2. An OE airbag warning light system has been removed from a vehicle fitted with airbags.

3. A motor vehicle has a sign, light or other device that indicates the vehicle is fitted with an airbag when it is not fitted with an airbag.

Condition and performance

4. An airbag cover:

a) is damaged, or

b) has deteriorated (does not include deterioration of the dash surface due to the effects of sunlight), or

c) shows signs of tampering or inadequate repair.

5. Additional equipment has been fitted that may affect the proper performance of the airbag.

6. The airbag warning light:

a) does not operate, or

b) indicates a fault in the system.

Modification

7. A modification (Note 2) affects an airbag system (eg an airbag has been removed, or made inoperable, including retrofitting a switch), and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-6-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

8. A motor vehicle that has had an airbag system removed or made inoperable and been certified as above does not:

a) have all OE signs, lights, or other devices that indicated the vehicle was fitted with an airbag removed, or

b) if the signs, lights, or other devices cannot be readily removed, have a label that indicates an airbag has been removed permanently attached in a prominent location where it is clearly visible to any occupant of the seating position that was previously protected by the airbag.

Note 1 Definitions

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Note 2

Some modifications are permitted, but they must always be LVV certified. The only modifications permitted are:

1. fitting a switch to render an airbag temporarily inoperable, and

2. the removal or permanent deactivation of an airbag in a vehicle that:

  • is at least 14 years old, or
  • has been adapted for a person with a disability, or
  • has been extensively modified for motorsport use.
Table 7-6-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A frontal impact airbag and its operating system must remain operational if the vehicle was originally manufactured with a frontal impact airbag.

2. An airbag warning light system must remain operational if it was fitted by the vehicle manufacturer.

3. A motor vehicle must not have a sign, light, or other device that indicates the vehicle is fitted with an airbag if it is not fitted with an airbag.

4. A motor vehicle must not have a light or other device indicating an airbag operating system is operable if it is inoperable.

Permitted equipment

5. A switch may be installed as OE to render an airbag temporarily inoperable.

Condition and performance

6. An airbag and its operating system must be safe and in good condition.

7. An airbag warning light fitted by the manufacturer must remain operational.

Modification

8. A motor vehicle that has had an airbag removed or made inoperable must either:

a) have all OE signs lights, or other devices that indicated the vehicle was fitted with an airbag removed, or

b) if the signs, lights, or other devices cannot be readily removed, have a label that indicates an airbag has been removed permanently attached in a prominent location where it is clearly visible to any occupant of the seating position that was previously protected by the airbag.

9. A modification that affects an airbag system must be inspected and certified by an LVV specialist certifier, unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 7-6-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

7-7 Interior impact

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. An outdoor-access vehicle is not fitted with energy-absorbent material on all the interior surfaces that could come into contact with the occupants when the vehicle is vigorously manoeuvring or in a crash.

2. A motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000 is not fitted with energy-absorbent material to:

a) the tops of exposed partitions, which are less than 1.2m high, situated in front of seats, or

b) the tops of seats, except in the following limited areas:

i. at the upper corners of seat backs which are dedicated handholds and which are integrated parts of the seat frames

ii. where the upper point of a lap-and-diagonal seatbelt is fitted.

Condition and performance

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

4. Energy-absorbent material is missing, damaged or has deteriorated to the extent that the likelihood of injury to passengers is increased.

Modifications

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. If the vehicle is an outdoor-access vehicle it must be fitted with energy-absorbent material on the interior surfaces that could come into contact with the occupants when the vehicle is vigorously manoeuvring or in a crash.

2. A motor vehicle that entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 July 2000 must be fitted with energy-absorbent material to:

a) the tops of exposed partitions, which are less than 1.2m high, situated in front of seats, and

b) the tops of seats, except in a limited area:

i. at the upper corners of seat backs which are dedicated handholds and which are integrated parts of the seat frames, or

ii. to which the upper point of a lap-and-diagonal seatbelt is fitted.

Condition and performance

4. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Page amended 29 April 2020 (see amendment details)

7-8 PSV heating and ventillation

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A PSV does not have ventilation that is provided by at least one of the following:

a) opening windows or roof hatches,

b) forced ventilation.

2. The driver does not have at least one independently adjustable means of ventilation.

Condition and performance

3. A window or roof hatch used for ventilation cannot be easily opened.

4. A forced ventilation system:

a) does not operate, or

b) has insufficient air flow.

5. An interior heating system is installed in a way that does not minimise the risk of occupants being burned.

6. The operation of an interior heating, ventilation or air-conditioning system introduces harmful gases into the vehicle.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A PSV must have ventilation that is provided by:

a) opening windows or roof hatches, or

b) forced ventilation.

2. The driver must have at least one independently adjustable means of ventilation.

Condition and performance

3. The ventilation system must provide adequate ventilation throughout the length of the passenger compartment.

4. An interior heating system must be installed in a way that will minimise the risk of occupants being burned.

5. An interior heating or air-conditioning system must be designed and constructed so that no harmful fumes associated with its operation can be introduced into the vehicle.

6. Ventilation air intakes must be in a position which minimises the possibility of introducing exhaust gases or other harmful fumes into the passenger compartment.

7-9 PSV fire protection

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory and permitted equipment
Fire extinguishers

1. A PSV that has more than 12 seating positions is not equipped with a fire extinguisher.

2. The fire extinguishers in a PSV with more than 12 seating positions are not appropriate for:

a) the size of the vehicle, or

b) the materials used in the construction of the vehicle, or

c) the type of fuel used, eg a trolley bus has a fire extinguisher filled with water.

3. A passenger compartment (Note 1) that has more than 12 seating positions does not have at least one fire extinguisher.

4. A fire extinguisher does not have clear and simple operating instructions, in English or with pictorial symbols, attached to it.

5. A PSV required to have a fire extinguisher does not have a fire extinguisher located near the driver:

a) that is also clearly visible to passengers, or

b) where there is clearly visible signage that indicates its location to passengers.

6. If a fire extinguisher is located within a closed container, the container does not:

a) have a cover that is readily removable or breakable by a passenger, or

b) clearly display instructions that explain how to access the fire extinguisher in an emergency, or

c) enable a driver to confirm that the fire extinguisher is present by:

i. being sufficiently transparent to enable a clear view of the fire extinguisher; or

ii. being equipped with an audible or visual alarm system that alerts the driver if the extinguisher is not in place when the vehicle’s engine is running.

Condition and performance
Fire extinguishers

7. A fire extinguisher:

a) does not have a date of inspection recorded on or near the fire extinguisher, or

b) is past its specified re-inspection period (usually printed on the extinguisher), or

c) is not within six months of the last recorded inspection, where no re-inspection period is specified, or

d) is showing ‘low’ on its charge indicator, or

e) is not sealed, that is it may have been discharged and needs recharging or replacement.

Note 1

Compartment, for the purposes of fire extinguishers, means

a) the separated driver's compartment

b) the upper and lower passenger compartments of a double-decked vehicle

c) the front and rear sections of the passenger compartment of an articulated bus

d) the passenger compartment of a single-decked non-articulated bus.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment
Fire extinguishers

1. A PSV that has more than 12 seating positions must be equipped with fire extinguishers that are appropriate for:

a) the size of the vehicle, and

b) the materials used in the construction of the vehicle, and

c) the type of fuel used.

2. Every passenger compartment (Note 1) must have at least one fire extinguisher if that passenger compartment has more than 12 seating positions.

3. Clear and simple operating instructions, in English or with pictorial symbols, must be attached to each fire extinguisher.

4. One of the fire extinguishers must be located near the driver, and must:

a) be clearly visible to passengers; or

b) have clearly visible signage that indicates its location to passengers.

5. If a fire extinguisher is located within a closed container, the container must:

a) have a cover that is readily removable or breakable by a passenger; and

b) clearly display instructions that explain how to access the fire extinguisher in an emergency; and

c) enable a driver to confirm that the fire extinguisher is present by:

i. being sufficiently transparent to enable a clear view of the fire extinguisher; or

ii. being equipped with an audible or visual alarm system that alerts the driver if the extinguisher is not in place when the vehicle’s engine is running.

Condition and performance
Fire extinguishers

6. A fire extinguisher must be:

a) inspected regularly as is appropriate for the particular make and model of fire extinguisher, and the date of the inspection must be recorded on or near the fire extinguisher, and

b) sealed so it is clearly apparent if it has been discharged and needs recharging or replacement.

Page amended 1 October 2012 (see amendment details).

7-10 PSV signs and instructions

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. A sign or instruction is:

a) not in a simple typeface, or

b) not in a colour which contrasts with the background of the sign, or

c) obscured by other fittings, or

d) incomplete, or

e) illegible.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Condition and performance

1. Signs and instructions:

a) must be in a simple typeface, and

b) must be in a colour which contrasts with the background of the sign, and

c) must not be obscured by other fittings.

7-11 PSV emergency passenger signals

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle in which direct communication between the passengers and driver is restricted by a partition, obstruction or for some other reason, has no other form of communication between the passengers and the driver in case of emergency (Note 1).

Condition and performance

2. An emergency communication system between passengers and driver:

a) is in poor condition, or

b) does not operate as intended.

Note 1

This does not include signalling equipment designed to indicate to the driver that a passenger wishes to alight at the next stop.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. If direct communication with the driver is restricted by a partition, obstruction or for some other reason, signalling equipment must be installed to provide the passengers with some other form of communication with the driver in case of emergency.

7-12 Speedometer

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 December 1951 that is capable of a speed exceeding 50km/h is not fitted with a speedometer, and the vehicle operator cannot produce acceptable written evidence (Note 2) that:

a) the speedometer has been removed for repair, or

b) there are no undue delays by the vehicle owner in having the speedometer replaced.

Condition and performance

2. The speedometer:

a) does not operate as intended when the vehicle is moving forward (Note 3), or

b) is obscured from the driver’s position, or

c) does not indicate the vehicle’s speed in km/h or mph.

3. Reason for rejection 2(a), 2(b) or 2(c) applies and the vehicle operator cannot produce acceptable written evidence (Note 2) that repair of the speedometer or associated equipment is impracticable or that a suitable replacement is not available.

Note 1

Speedometer means an instrument in a motor vehicle that continuously indicates to the driver the forward speed of the vehicle in either kilometres per hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mph). For clarification: This definition does not include the speed provided by a GPS system.

Note 2

Acceptable written evidence is documentation provided by the speedometer repairer or supplier. A copy of the documentation must be kept on file with the checksheet.

Note 3

If an odometer is not fitted, not working or unable to be read an appropriate note must be entered into the ‘Comments’ section of the checksheet and '000001' entered into the odometer field of the checksheet and '000001' entered into WoF online or LANDATA. This may display as “1” on some screens.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 December 1951 that is capable of a speed exceeding 50km/h must be fitted with a speedometer (Note 1).

2. A vehicle is not required to have a speedometer if the speedometer or associated equipment:

a) has been removed for repair and there are no undue delays by the vehicle owner in having it replaced, or

b) is out of repair, repair is impracticable and a suitable replacement is not available.

Condition and performance

3. The speedometer must be in good working order and operate while the vehicle is moving forward.

Modification

4. A speedometer that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet the requirements for equipment, condition and performance, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

7-13 Audible warning devices

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle is:

a) not fitted with a horn, or

b) fitted with a bell or whistle (Note 2), or

c) not an emergency vehicle (Note 1) and is fitted with a siren (Note 2).

2. A horn cannot be easily operated from the driver’s seating position.

Performance

3. The horn does not operate when activated.

4. The horn operates when not activated.

5. The sound from the horn is not steady and continuous, eg the horn plays a tune.

6. The horn is not audible at a distance of 100 m.

7. A siren fitted to an emergency vehicle operates when not activated.

Note 1

Emergency vehicle means a vehicle used for the attendance of emergencies and operated:

a) by an enforcement officer, or

b) by an ambulance service, or

c) as a fire service vehicle, or

d) as a civil defence emergency vehicle, or

e) as a New Zealand Defence Force emergency vehicle.

Note 2

A vehicle may be fitted with a bell, whistle or siren that is part of an anti-theft car alarm, personal security alarm or reversing warning device.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle must be fitted with a device (horn) that is audible to other road users.

Permitted equipment

2. A vehicle may be fitted with a bell, whistle or siren only as follows:

a) a siren fitted to an emergency vehicle (Note 1), or

b) a siren, bell or whistle that is part of an anti-theft car alarm, personal security alarm or a reversing warning device.

Performance

3. The device must be in good working order.

4. The device must be capable of giving a warning that is audible under normal traffic conditions from a distance of at least 100 m.

Modification

5. An audible warning device that is affected by a modification:

a) must meet the requirements for equipment and performance, and

b) does not require LVV specialist certification.

8 Brakes

8-1 Service brake and parking brake

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment
Service brake

(see Note 1)

1. A vehicle does not have a service brake.

2. A vehicle first registered anywhere on or after 1 February 1977 does not have a service brake that is designed to act on each wheel.

3. A vehicle first registered anywhere before 1 February 1977 does not have a service brake that is designed to act on at least two wheels.

4. A vehicle of class LE first registered anywhere before 1 February 1977 does not have a service brake that is designed to act on at least one wheel.

5. A vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA first registered in New Zealand after 1 November 1990 that does not have a dual-circuit service brake does not have a parking brake that is capable of bringing the vehicle to a controlled stop.

Parking brake

(see Note 1)

6. A vehicle does not have a parking brake (does not apply to twinned-wheeled class LE vehicles).

7. A parking brake on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA does not act on at least one complete axle.

8. A parking brake on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA does not act on at least one axle that has dual wheels fitted.

Condition
Service brake

9. There is corrosion damage (Note 1) within 150mm of a brake component mounting point.

10. The service brake pedal:

a) is insecure, or

b) is spongy (indicating air in the system), or

c) creeps, or

d) has a non-slip surface which has deteriorated to such an extent that the brake cannot be safely applied, or

e) has excessive travel (pedal travel reduces after one or two applications).

11. A vacuum hose or pipe (including connections) is:

a) insecure, or

b) leaking, or

c) damaged (cracked, chafed, twisted, stretched or corroded, eg showing signs of pitting or a noticeable decrease in the pipe’s outside diameter).

12. The brake vacuum servo (brake booster) is:

a) not functioning fully or adequately, or

b) leaking, or

c) insecure.

13. The brake vacuum pump:

a) is not functioning fully or adequately, or

b) is insecure, or

c) drive belt is in poor condition.

14. The brake master cylinder is:

a) leaking brake fluid, or

b) insecure, or

c) excessively corroded, or

d) reservoir fluid level is below the minimum indicator where this is visible externally.

15. A brake valve is:

a) not operating (eg has a seized load-sensing valve), or

b) leaking brake fluid, or

c) insecure, or

d) excessively corroded.

16. A brake pipe (including connections) is:

a) leaking brake fluid, or

b) insecure, or

c) deformed from its original shape, or

d) chafed, or

e) corrosion damaged, eg there are signs of pitting or a noticeable increase in the pipe’s outside diameter.

17. A flexible hydraulic brake hose (including connections):

a) is leaking brake fluid, or

b) is insecure, or

c) bulges under pressure, or

d) is twisted, stretched or chafed, or

e) has external sheathing which is cracked to the extent that the reinforcing cords are exposed, or

f) has metal connections which are excessively corroded, or

g) has an end fitting which is not attached to the hose by means of swaging, machine crimping or a similar process (Note 3).

18. A brake calliper:

a) shows visible signs of leaking, or

b) is insecure.

19. A brake backing plate is:

a) insecure, or

b) severely corroded, or

c) deformed from its original shape, or

d) cracked, or

e) contaminated by brake fluid, oil or grease.

20. A wheel cylinder:

a) shows visible signs of leaking, or

b) is insecure, or

c) is seized.

21. An ABS system component is damaged, insecure or missing.

22. A brake disc or drum is:

a) worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications (where visible without removing vehicle components) (Note 2), or

b) fractured or otherwise damaged (where visible without removing components) (Note 2), or

c) contaminated by brake fluid, oil or grease.

23. Brake friction material (where visible without removing vehicle components) (Note 2) is:

a) worn below manufacturer’s specifications, or

b) separating from the brake pad backing plate or brake shoe, or

c) contaminated by brake fluid, oil or grease.

24. A gap between the brake shoe and the brake drum exceeds manufacturer’s specifications (where visible without removing vehicle components) (Note 2).

25. A service brake component shows signs of heating or welding after original manufacture.

Parking brake

26. The parking brake lever:

a) has excessive travel, or

b) is insecure, or

c) mounting is damaged, corroded, distorted or fractured within 150 mm of the lever mounting, or

d) mechanism or lever pivot bearing is worn or damaged so that the parking brake could be easily released by accident.

27. The parking brake cable:

a) is knotted, frayed or excessively corroded, or

b) has an auxiliary tensioner fitted, or

c) has otherwise deteriorated so that it may affect the parking brake performance.

28. A parking brake actuating rod or guide:

a) is excessively corroded, or

b) is excessively worn, or

c) has otherwise deteriorated so that it may affect the parking brake performance.

29. A parking brake component shows signs of heating or welding after original manufacture.

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems

30. Where the vehicle is fitted with an ESC system (if determined by the vehicle inspector – see Technical Bulletin 11), the warning light indicates a fault.

31. Where the vehicle is fitted with an ESC system (if determined by the vehicle inspector – see Technical Bulletin 11), the system has been removed from the vehicle.

Advanced brake systems

32. A motorcycle that is fitted with an antilock brake system has a non-OEM means of disabling that system, such as an after-market/non-factory switch.

33. A motorcycle’s ABS has been disabled.

Performance

(see Note 4)

Service brake

34. The service brake cannot be applied in a controlled and progressive manner.

35. When the service brake is applied and without assistance from the engine:

a) the vehicle does not stop within 7m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 50%), or

b) the vehicle does not stop within 9m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 40%) for a vehicle which has a service brake designed to act on fewer than four wheels, or

c) the vehicle does not stop within 20m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 18%) for a vehicle which has been manufactured before 31 December 1918.

36. When the service brake is applied:

a) the vehicle vibrates under braking to the extent that the control of the vehicle is adversely affected, or

b) the brake fails to release immediately after the brake pedal has been released, or

c) the directional control is affected (eg there is swerving to one side, or the brakes on one side apply more slowly than on the other side), or

d) the brake balance, at any time during the brake application, varies by more than 20% between wheels on a common axle.

Advanced brake systems

37. The ABS or brake system warning lamp or self-check system, if fitted, indicates a defect in the ABS or brake system (does not apply to brake pad wear warning systems (see Figure 8-1-1 for examples of a brake system warning lamp on group L vehicles). A defect can be identified by either:

  • the ABS light does not illuminate on ignition power-up  (if ABS was originally fitted), or
  • the ABS light does not turn off after the vehicle has been driven.
Parking brake

38. When the parking brake is applied:

a) the vehicle does not stop within 18m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 20%), or

b) it does not hold the vehicle at rest on a slope of 1 in 5, or

c) it does not hold all the wheels on a common axle stationary against attempts to drive the vehicle away.

39. The directional control of the vehicle is affected when the parking brake is being applied on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 November 1990 that does not have a dual-circuit service brake.

40. The parking brake is unusually difficult to apply or release.

Modification (Note 1)

41. A modification affects a brake or braking performance, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 8-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card , or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13 .

Note 1 Definitions

Service brake means a brake for intermittent use that is normally used to slow down and stop a vehicle.

Parking brake means a brake readily applicable and capable of remaining applied for an indefinite period without further attention.

Corrosion damage is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Twinned wheels means two wheels mounted on the same axle where the distance between the centres of their areas of contact with the ground is equal to or less than 460 mm.

Note 2

If a brake is fitted with an inspection port plug, this must be removed for inspection of the brake components.

Note 3

Hose end fittings that can be undone using hand tools are unacceptable.

Note 4

Refer to Technical bulletin 10 for specific service and parking brake test procedures for specific vehicles (such as electro-mechanical parking brakes on BMW vehicles), especially when testing these vehicles on roller brake machines.

Table 8-1-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Aftermarket brake pedal pads or covers

  • the fitment of the pads or covers does not:
    • necessitate any modification to the pedal arm, or
    • significantly affect the safe operation of the brake pedal or other pedals (eg a brake pad or cover significantly wider than the original brake pad may not be acceptable, depending on fitment).

See also Table 7-1-1

Aftermarket or custom brake pedal extensions (for unusually short people)

  • The extension:
    • does not exceed 100mm length when measured from the surface of the original brake pedal, and
    • is securely clamped to the original pedal by mechanical means, and
    • is sufficiently strong and rigid to withstand emergency brake loads, and
    • does not involve any modification to, or compromise the strength of, the original brake pedal, and
    • does not significantly change the sideways load or leverage against the pedal, and
    • does not significantly increase the weight of the pedal.

Additional brake pedals
(for driving school vehicles)

  • the operation of the primary brake pedal is not affected, and
  • no modifications to the primary brake pedal or any other part of the primary brake system has occurred.
Brake lines/hoses (including stainless steel braided brake hoses)
  • Brake lines or hoses are direct replacements; and
  • the lines or hoses are fitted using all OE mounts.

Note: Flexible hose end fittings must be crimped to the hose.

Brake rotors
  • rotors are direct OE replacements, or
  • after market substitute brake rotors are:
    • the same size as the OE rotors, and
    • catalogued aftermarket items for that make and model of vehicle (and can include cross-drilled and/or slotted types), and
    • attached to unmodified OE parts, and
    • not modified in anyway.

Disability parking brake system

  • the system is a non-OE mechanical or electrical system for applying and releasing the OE parking brake, and:

– the parking brake performance is not compromised, and

– in the case of electrical failure, the parking brake does not release.

Removal of secondary accelerator and brake system (where driving school vehicle is converted to single primary system)

  • the vehicle was not originally manufactured as a dual-control vehicle (system was retrofitted after manufacture), and
  • the removal of the secondary system has reinstated the vehicle’s primary systems back to the vehicle’s exact original specification.

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Brake linings/pads

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Any modifications for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment
Service brake

1. Vehicles must have a service brake that acts on each wheel, except in the following cases:

a) A vehicle first registered anywhere before 1 February 1977 may have a service brake that is designed to act on fewer than four wheels

b) A vehicle of class LE first registered anywhere before 1 February 1977 may have a service brake that is designed to act on fewer than three wheels.

2. A vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA first registered in New Zealand from 1 November 1990 that does not have a dual-circuit service brake must have a parking brake that is capable of bringing the vehicle to a controlled stop if the service brake fails.

Parking brake

3. A vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA must have a parking brake that:

a) acts on at least one complete axle, or

b) if the vehicle has dual wheels on an axle, acts on that axle.

4. A vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA first registered in New Zealand from 1 November 1990 without dual-circuit service brakes must have a parking brake that is capable of bringing the vehicle to a controlled stop if the service brake fails.

Permitted equipment

5. A vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA may be fitted with a warning system that is part of, or associated with, the use of a brake component or system.

Condition

6. A brake must be in good condition.

7. The brake friction surfaces on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA must be within safe tolerance of their state when manufactured, and must not be scored, weakened or damaged to the extent that the safety performance of the brake is adversely affected.

Performance

8. The service brake on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA must be able to be applied in a controlled and progressive manner.

9. When the brake on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA is applied:

a) the vehicle or its controls must not vibrate to the extent that control of the vehicle is adversely affected, and

b) the braking effort on each wheel must provide stable and efficient braking without adverse effect on the directional control of the vehicle, and

c) if the vehicle is equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), the wheels must not lock, other than when the speed of the vehicle falls below the ABS activation parameters set by the vehicle manufacturer.

10. A brake warning system, if fitted on a vehicle of class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA, must function correctly (does not apply to a brake pad wear system).

Service brake

11. The service brake of a vehicle or vehicle combination that is operated on a hard, dry, level surface that is free of loose material and without assistance from the compression of the engine or other retarders must operate in the following manner:

a) A service brake that acts on each wheel must stop the vehicle within a distance of 7m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 50%).

b) A service brake that is designed to act on fewer than four wheels on a vehicle first registered anywhere before 1 February 1977 must stop the vehicle within a distance of 9 m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 40%).

c) The service brake on a vehicle manufactured before 31 December 1918 not capable of exceeding 30km/h must stop the vehicle within a distance of 20m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 18%).

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems

12. An ESC system, including all components of that system fitted in a motor vehicle, must:

a) be maintained in good working order, and

b) not be removed from the vehicle.

Parking brake

13. A parking brake must:

a) stop the vehicle within 18m from a speed of 30km/h (average brake efficiency of 20%), or

b) hold the vehicle at rest on a slope of 1 in 5.

Modification

14. A modification to a brake or vehicle that affects the braking performance must be inspected and certified by an LVV Specialist Certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 8-1-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 29 April 2020 (see amendment details)

Page updated 27 February 2023 (see details)

9 Steering and suspension

9-1 Steering and suspension systems

Reasons for rejection

Prohibited equipment

1. A passenger service vehicle has its steering column to the left of the longitudinal centreline of the body of the vehicle (meaning left-hand drive).

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. The condition of the PSV is such that excessive body sway is likely to adversely affect the steering stability.

4. An axle-stop, shackle or other suspension safeguard is:

a) missing (where originally fitted), or

b) insecure, or

c) bent, or

d) cracked, or

e) excessively corroded or otherwise weakened.

Modification

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Prohibited equipment

1. A left-hand drive vehicle may not enter service as a PSV.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. A PSV must be maintained so that no excessive body sway will occur which is likely to adversely affect the steering stability.

4. Axle-stops, shackles, or similar devices must be maintained within safe tolerance of their original condition.

Modification

5. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Page amended 1 May 2017 (see amendment details).

10 Tyres, wheels and hubs

10-1 Tyres and wheels

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment
Tyres

1. Tyres on the same axle are not of the same:

a) size designation (see Table 10-1-3), or

b) carcass type (ie mixed steel ply, fabric radial ply, bias/cross ply, run-flat), or

c) tread pattern type (mixed asymmetric, directional, normal highway, traction , winter tyre tread (Figure 10-1-3)).

2. All the tyres on a vehicle class MA, MB, MD1 or NA that was first registered or re-registered in New Zealand from 1 October 2002, other than vehicles that are incapable of exceeding 30km/h or are 30 years old or more, are not of the same carcass type (ie mixed steel ply, fabric radial ply, bias/cross ply, run-flat).

3. A class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA vehicle fitted with a winter tyre (Note 3) is not fitted with winter tyres on all road wheels (Note 6).

4. The tyres on an axle of a light vehicle do not meet at least one of the following:

  • the tyre ply ratings are the same
  • the tyre load indices differ by no more than 2 (Note 4).

5. An asymmetric tyre is fitted to a vehicle with the ‘inside’ tyre wall facing outwards.

6. A directional tyre is fitted contrary to its correct direction of rotation.

7. A tyre has a speed category that is less than the speed limit for the vehicle or less than the vehicle’s maximum speed if this is less than the speed limit (Note 4) (Note 5).

8. The vehicle has one or more of the following types of tyre fitted:

a) a space-saver tyre, or

b) a non-pneumatic tyre, or

c) a tyre with studs, cleats, lugs or other gripping devices, or

d) a tyre that is not compatible with the vehicle to which it is fitted, eg a tyre is marked with any of the following:

i. ‘NOT FOR HIGHWAY USE’

ii. ‘NHS’ (Not for Highway Service)

iii. ‘FOR TRAILER USE ONLY’

iv. ‘ADV’ (Agricultural Drawn Vehicle)

v. ‘RACING PURPOSES ONLY’.

9. A tyre has had any of the following information removed or concealed so that the tyre can no longer be identified (Figure 10-1-4):

  • manufacturer
  • brand
  • model<
  • load rating
  • speed rating
  • standards markings (where applicable)
  • direction of rotation (where applicable).
Wheels

(see also Introduction 3.1.2: Note 3)

10. A wheel is not compatible with the tyre fitted to it for rim profile, flange height or valve fitment (Note 6).

11. A wheel is:

a) not compatible with the vehicle to which it is fitted, or

b) not correctly attached to the vehicle.

Condition
Tyres (excluding spare tyres)

12. There are signs that a tyre is fouling on another part of the vehicle.

13. A tyre shows damage that is likely to compromise its ability to operate in a safe manner or lead to premature tyre failure, such as:

a) a lump or bulge that is likely to be caused by separation or partial failure of the tyre structure, or

b) a cut or crack in a sidewall or tread more than 25mm long that reaches the cords (see Figure 10-1-6), or

c) exposed or cut cords, or

d) the tread of a retreaded tyre shows signs of separation, or

e) nails or other sharp objects embedded in the tyre, or

f) significant perishing, eg due to age, moisture or exposure.

14. A tyre has a string-type repair visible from the outside.

15. A tyre, other than a winter tyre (Note 3), fitted to a vehicle capable of exceeding 30km/h, does not have a tread pattern depth (Technical bulletin 7) of at least 1.5mm (excluding any tie-bar or tread-depth indicator strip) around the whole circumference of the tyre:

a) within all the principal grooves that normally contain moulded tread depth indicators, or

b) if the tyre does not normally have moulded tread-depth indicators (such as some retreaded or vintage tyres), across at least three-quarters of the tread width.

16. A winter tyre (Note 3) does not have a tread depth of at least 4mm (excluding any tie-bar or tread-depth indicator strip) within all principal grooves that normally contain moulded tread-depth indicators and around the whole circumference of the tyre.

17. A tyre not identified as designed for regrooving has had its tread depth increased by regrooving.

18. A tyre is noticeably under- or over-inflated.

19. A tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) warning is active, eg there is a warning lamp illuminated or a message on the dash (see Figure 10-1-5).

  • in the case of a tyre pressure sensor being removed, or the factory wheels removed, the sensor will need to be replaced or the dash light disabled.
Spare tyres

20. A spare tyre, if carried is not:

a) securely attached by a device that is in good condition and correctly applied, or

b) stowed in a closed compartment separate from the occupant space (eg if the manufacturer’s attachment device is missing or faulty).

Wheels

21. There are signs that a wheel is fouling on another part of the vehicle.

22. A wheel is:

a) cracked, or

b) significantly damaged, distorted or has deteriorated, or

c) not securely attached to the hub.

23. An alloy wheel has poor visible repairs.

24. A wheel nut is:

a) missing, or

b) loose, or

c) has deteriorated, or

d) is of the incorrect type, or

e) has insufficient thread engagement to the wheel stud, or

f) is an aftermarket wheel nut made from aluminium .

Modifications (see also Introduction 3.1.2: Note 3)

25. A modification affects the wheels or tyres, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 10-1-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Note 1

Tread pattern and tread depth requirements do not apply to vehicles that are not capable of exceeding 30 km/h.

Note 2 Definitions:

Asymmetric tyre means a tyre which, through tread pattern or construction, is required to be fitted to a vehicle so that one particular side wall faces outwards.

Construction in relation to a tyre means:

a) for a pneumatic tyre, the type of tyre carcass (including ply orientation and ply rating or load index, but not including tyre tread), or

b) for any other tyre, characteristics relating to size, shape and material.

Cross-ply means a pneumatic tyre structure in which the ply cords in the tyre carcass extend to the beads and are laid at alternate angles, which are substantially less than 90 degrees, to the centreline of the tread. This tyre structure is also referred to as ‘bias ply’ or ‘diagonal ply’.

Directional tyre, also known as unidirectional tyre, means a tyre with a tread pattern that is designed to run in only one direction. A directional tyre usually has an arrow marked on the side wall indicating the direction it is designed to run.

Load index is an assigned number ranging from 0 to 279 that corresponds with the maximum load-carrying capacity of the tyre. Most passenger car tyre load indices range from 62 (= 265kg) to 126 (= 1700kg).

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Ply rating is an index of tyre strength used to identify a given tyre with its recommended maximum permitted load when used for a specific service. It does not necessarily represent the actual number of plies in a tyre. Common ply ratings are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Commercial (eg truck) tyres often have a ply rating rather than a load index.

Pneumatic tyre means a tyre that, when in use, is inflated by air or gas introduced from time to time under pressure so as to enclose under normal inflation a cushion of air or gas forming altogether at least half of the total area of an average cross-section of a tyre so inflated.

Principal grooves means the wide grooves in the tyre tread which have the tread-wear indicators located inside them. Any other grooves are secondary grooves which may wear out during the service life of the tyre.

Radial-ply means a pneumatic tyre structure in which the ply cords, which extend from bead to bead, are laid at approximately 90 degrees to the centreline of the tread, the carcass being stabilised by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Rim means that part of the wheel on which the tyre is mounted and supported.

Run-flat tyre (also known as self-supporting tyre) means a tyre that is so constructed that in case of a puncture the basic tyre functions are still provided for a short distance (at least 80km) and at a reduced speed (usually 80km/h), allowing the vehicle to be safely driven to a place of repair. Some run-flat tyres are identified by an ‘F’ within the size designation.

Size designation means the size description of the tyre, ie section width, aspect ratio and rim diameter. It does not include the speed rating, load index or tyre construction (eg ‘R’ for radial).

Space saver tyre (temporary-use spare tyre) means a combination tyre and wheel designed and constructed solely for temporary use under restricted driving conditions, and not intended for use under normal driving conditions.

Speed category means a code allocated to a tyre by a tyre manufacturer that indicates the maximum vehicle speed for which the use of the tyre is rated.

Tread means that part of a pneumatic tyre which comes into contact with the ground.

Tread-depth indicator (or tread-wear indicator) means the projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication of the degree of wear of the tread. To help locate these on a tyre, inspectors should look for a ‘tread depth idicator’ or ‘TWI’ mark on the outer edge of the tyre side wall (most tyres have these marks).

Tube means an inflatable elastic liner, in the form of a hollow ring fitted with an inflation valve assembly, designed for insertion into certain tyre assemblies to provide a cushion of air or gas that, when inflated, supports the wheel (also known as an ‘inner tube’).

Tyre carcass means the structural part of a pneumatic tyre other than the tread and outermost rubber of the sidewalls that, when inflated, contains the gas that supports the load. Carcass type refers to steel ply, fabric radial ply, bias/cross ply, run-flat.

Tyre load rating means the maximum load a tyre can carry at the corresponding cold inflation pressure prescribed by the tyre manufacturer and the speed indicated by its speed category symbol. It is usually indicated by the load index or ply rating.

Wheel means a rotating load-carrying member between the tyre and the hub, which usually consists of two major parts, the rim and the wheel disc, and which may be manufactured as one part, or permanently attached to each other, or detachable from each other.

Wheel centre-disc means the part of the wheel that is the supporting member between the hub and the rim.

Wheel spacer means an additional component used for the purpose of positioning the wheel centre-disc relative to the hub or, in multiple wheel sets, for the purpose of positioning the wheel centre-disc relative to another wheel.

Note 3

Winter tyre: means a tyre that is principally designed to be operated at temperatures below 7 (degrees) C. Winter tyres have a distinctive tread pattern that consists of deep square patterned tread blocks that have small zig-zag grooves called sipes that allow the blocks to flex to maintain grip. In addition to the distinctive tread pattern, winter tyres usually have one or both of the following markings: the 3 Peaks Mountain and Snowflake Symbol (3PMSF) or the word 'Studded' or 'Studless' (see Figure 10-1-3).

Tyres marked different from above but with the 3PMSF symbol may be made for mud and snow but are not principally designed as winter tyres and should not be mixed with winter tyres. These tyres should be rejected if mixed with winter tyres unless evidence of principal design can be provided.

Evidence of  principal design may be accepted in the form of a manufacturers’ brochure, the manufacturers’ web page, a letter from an agent of the manufacturer or a letter from the manufacturer. This should be kept on file by the inspecting organisation.

Note 4

The tyre load index and speed category are usually marked on the tyre. Where the tyre is not marked, the load and speed rating information must be obtained from the tyre manufacturer or a reference guide of tyre ratings before the tyre can be passed.

Note 5

Sometimes a retreaded or repaired tyre has had its speed rating removed. Where a tyre has been repaired or retreaded in accordance with standard NZS 5423 (Repairing and retreading car, truck and bus tyres), the tyre must be marked with NZS 5423 and, if a car tyre, have the speed rating removed. In such a case, a missing speed rating is acceptable for WoF/CoF (unless the inspector believes on reasonable grounds that the tyre would not have had the required minimum speed rating for the vehicle in the first place).

Note 6

If a vehicle inspector has concerns about any tyre/wheel combination, they should request/take into account relevant information provided by the tyre manufacturer (eg intended use of the tyre).

Table 10-1-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Wheels

  • the wheels:
    • are of a known and reputable brand, and
    • would be considered an appropriate fitment for the vehicle type by the wheel manufacturer, and
    • are not modified, and
    • do not have spacers or adaptors fitted, and
    • have a load rating acceptable for the axle rating (or vehicle GVM where axle rating is not available)
  • Note: Where the wheel load rating is not visible a note should be made on the WoF/CoF checksheet and the operator should be informed to have the load rating checked. Insufficient load rating is only a reason for rejection if the load rating is visible and not sufficient.

Tyres

  • the tyres:
    • have an outer circumference that is no more than 5% greater than OE, and
    • are an appropriate selection for rim width (see LVVTA's Tyre size to wheel size compatibility guide, and
    • have a load rating suitable for the axle (or vehicle where axle mass is not available)
    • have a speed rating suitable for the vehicle
  • the tyre tread does not protrude beyond:
    • in the case of a vehicle that is not a class NA or class MC vehicle, the unmodified original body panels or factory fitted mudguard extension/flare; or
    • in the case of an class NA or class MC vehicle, 25mm outside of the unmodified original body panels, provided that a flare or wheel arch extension covers the full width of the tyre tread.

Note: an original full-size spare wheel/tyre can be used for comparison of tyre size

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.
Table 10-1-2. Tyre speed symbol categories

Speed symbol – speed category (km/h)

A1 – 5

A5 – 25

B – 50

F – 80

L – 120

Q – 160

U – 200

Y – 300

A2 – 10

A6 – 30

C – 60

G – 90

M – 130

R – 170

H – 210

ZR – over 240

A3 – 15

A7 – 35

D – 65

J – 100

N – 140

S – 180

V – 240

A4 – 20

A8 – 40

E – 70

K – 110

P – 150

T – 190

W – 270

Table 10-1-3. Tyre interchangeability – imperial and metric

Imperial sizing

Metric sizing

10/70R22.5

255/70R22.5

11/70R22.5

275/70R22.5

12/70R22.5

305/70R22.5

15R22.5

385/65R22.5

16.5R22.5

425/65R22.5

18R22.5445/65R22.5
Figure 10-1-1. Tyre and body panel position

Tyre and body panel positions

Figure 10-1-2. Tyre markings

tyre markings

Figure 10-1-3. How to identify a winter tyre

How to identify a winter tyre

Figure 10-1-4. Example of tyres with information removed/concealed/obscured

Example of tyre with manufacturer/brand/model information removed

The circled areas show where information has been removed so that the tyre can no longer be identified.

Example of tyre with information obscured

The white tape overlay on the tyre obscures all of the important information.

Example of tyre with information removed

Figure 10-1-5. Tyre pressure warning symbol

Figure 10-1-6. Sample tyre cracking images

Minor cracking - pass. Make a note on the checksheet about minor cracking

acceptable tyre cracking

Unacceptable cracking - fail

unacceptable tyre cracking

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment
Tyres

1. Tyres must be compatible with the vehicle to which they are fitted.

2. Tyres on the same axle must be of the same size designation and construction, and of the same tread pattern type.

3. A vehicle of class MA, MB, MD1 or NA first registered or re-registered in New Zealand from 1 October 2002, must have all tyres of the same construction unless the vehicle is incapable of exceeding 30km/h or is 30 years old or more.

4. Winter tyres (Note 3), if fitted to a class MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2 or NA vehicle, must be fitted to all of the vehicle’s road wheels.

5. Asymmetric tyres must be fitted in axle sets in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

6. A directional tyre must be fitted to a wheel position corresponding to its direction of rotation.

7. The speed category of a tyre must be compatible with the maximum legal speed limit for the vehicle, or the vehicle’s maximum speed (Note 4) (Note 5).

8. A vehicle must not be fitted with a metal tyre or other non-pneumatic tyre, or with a tyre with studs, cleats, lugs or other gripping devices.

Wheels

9. A wheel must be:

a) sufficiently strong for the type of vehicle to which it is fitted, and

b) compatible with the vehicle to which it is fitted, and

c) compatible with the tyre rim profile, flange height and valve fitment (Note 6).

10. There must be adequate clearance for the brake, hub, suspension and steering mechanism, and body parts.

Permitted equipment

11. A vehicle may be fitted with retreaded tyres.

Condition
Tyres (excluding spare tyres and space-saver tyres)

12. A tyre must be of good quality and construction, fit for its purpose, and maintained in a safe condition.

13. A tyre must not have worn, damaged or visible cords apparent by external examination.

14. A tyre, other than a winter tyre, fitted to a vehicle capable of exceeding 30km/h, must have a tread pattern depth of not less than 1.5mm (excluding any tie-bar or tread-depth indicator strip) around the whole circumference of the tyre:

a) within all principal grooves that contain tread-depth indicators, or

b) if the tyre does not normally have tread-depth indicators, across at least three-quarters of the tyre tread width.

15. A winter tyre (Note 3) must have a tread pattern depth of not less than 4mm (excluding any tie-bar or tread-depth indicator strip) within all principal grooves that contain moulded tread-depth indicators and around the circumference of the tyre.

16. The regrooving of a tyre is permitted only if the tyre is identified as having been specifically designed for regrooving after manufacture.

17. A tyre that is fitted to a vehicle must be maintained at a safe inflation pressure.

Spare tyre

18. If the vehicle carries a spare tyre, the tyre must be securely attached on or in the vehicle.

Wheels

19. The components of the wheel assembly must be in good condition.

20. The wheel must be securely attached to the hub.

Modifications

21. A modification that affects the wheels or tyres must be inspected and certified by an LVV Specialist Certifier, unless the vehicle is:

a) excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 10-1-1), and has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance, or

b) fitted with a wheel spacer that is approved for the purpose by the vehicle, wheel or axle manufacturer, or

c) fitted with a hand-grooved tyre, provided the tyre was a blank tyre case manufactured for hand-grooving, and complies with the applicable listed requirements.

Page amended 1 April 2023 (see amendment details)

10-2 Hubs and axles

Reasons for rejection

Condition

1. A hub:

a) is not securely attached to the vehicle, or

b) has a visible crack, or

c) is significantly damaged, distorted or has deteriorated, or

d) has a broken or missing wheel stud.

2. A wheel bearing:

a) has play beyond the manufacturer’s specifications, or

b) is over-tight or sounds rough.

3. An axle:

a) is insecure, eg has loose U-bolts, or

b) is visibly cracked, or

c) is significantly damaged, distorted or has deteriorated, or

d) shows signs of welding or heating after original manufacture, or

e) shows signs of fouling the vehicle structure or a brake, suspension or steering component.

Performance

4. The geometry of a hub or axle causes:

a) the vehicle to veer significantly to one side, or

b) the wheels not to self centre.

Modification (see also Introduction 3.1.2: Note 3)

5. A modification affects the hubs or axles, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 10-2-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card , or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13 .

Note 1 Definitions

Hub means that part of a vehicle that is attached to the axle and rotates on, or with, the axle, and to which the wheel is attached, and includes any bearings.

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Table 10-2-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Differential ratio changes

  • only the differential centre or gear-set is changed, and
  • the OE axle housing is retained.

Axle housing replacement

  • the axle housing fits the vehicle without adaptation, and
  • no change to the OE suspension geometry occurs, and
  • the OE drive-shafts(s) is unmodified, and
  • no changes are made to the OE brake system.

Fitting of or modification to:

LVV certification is never required:

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Condition

1. The components of the assembly must be in good condition.

2. The hub and axle must be sufficiently strong for the type of vehicle to which they are fitted.

3. The hub and axle must have a suitable and correctly adjusted geometry.

Modification

4. A modification that affects the hubs or axles must be inspected and certified by a Low Volume Vehicle Specialist Certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV specialist certification (Table 10-2-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 December 2016 (see amendment details).

10-3 Mudguards

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A mudguard over a road wheel is missing where it is reasonable and practicable to fit a mudguard, unless the vehicle is:

a) in an unfinished condition legally used under the authority of trade plates, or

b) not capable of exceeding a speed of 30km/h, or

c) has a valid mudguard exemption issued by the New Zealand Hot Rod Association (Figure 10-3-4).

2. A mudguard does not cover the full tread width (Note 2) of a tyre or tyres fitted to a road wheel (Figure 10-3-1 and Figure 10-3-2), except when the mudguard is fitted to a vehicle designed for industrial purposes and it is not practicable to fit a full mudguard due to the vehicle’s construction.

3. On a vehicle with twin or close-spaced multiple tyres a mudguard fitted over a wheel on the rear axle is more than one-third higher than the horizontal distance between the vertical lines of the lowest point of the mudguard and the centre of the wheel (Figure 10-3-3), except when:

a) the mudguard is fitted to a vehicle designed for industrial purposes and it is not practicable to fit a full mudguard due to the vehicle’s construction.

4. A truck used for transporting round timber does not have mudguards over steer axles (Figure 10-3-6).

5. A truck used for transporting round timber does not have at least partial guards fitted to the front and rear tyres of the drive axle set (Figure 10-3-6).

Mudguard condition

6. A mudguard is not securely fixed to the vehicle.

7. A mudguard is so constructed or damaged that it is likely to present a hazard to road users (Note 2).

Modification (see also Introduction 3.1.2: Note 3)

8. A modification affects a mudguard, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for LVV specialist certification (Table 10-3-1), and

b) is missing proof of LVV specialist or accepted overseas certification, ie:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid LVV certification plate, or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card, or

iii. the vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Note 1 Definitions

Mudguard means a fitting, inclusive of any portion of the vehicle and of any mudflaps attached, that serves to intercept material thrown up by a wheel more or less in the plane of the wheel.

Tyre tread means the portion of a tyre that contacts the road.

Modify means to change a vehicle from its original state by altering, substituting, adding or removing a structure, system, component or equipment, but does not include repair.

Repair means to restore a damaged or worn vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment to within safe tolerance of its condition when manufactured, including replacement with undamaged or new structures, systems, components or equipment.

Note 2

Damage on full mudguards fitted to logging trucks is permissible if it is above a horizontal line on top of the tyre (Figure 10-3-5), and that damage is unlikely to result in the mudguard presenting a hazard to road users.

Table 10-3-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification

Fitting of or modification to

LVV certification is not required provided that:

Modified mudguards, including flared wheel arches or the addition of mudguard extensions

  • A mudguard has not been cut during modification, and
  • modified mudguards or extensions have no sharp protrusions, and
  • mudguard extensions are securely attached to the vehicle, and
  • the mudguard/mud flap is no less effective than OE.
  • Note: Mudguards flared via rolling do not require certification.

Fitting of or modification to

LVV certification is never required:

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.
Figure 10-3-1. Position of individual mudguard in relation to tyre tread

Position of individual mudguard in relation to tyre tread

Figure 10-3-2. Position of body panel mudguard in relation to tyre tread

Position of body panel mudguard in relation to tyre tread

Figure 10-3-3. Size and position of mudguards for the rear wheels of a vehicle fitted with dual wheels or close-spaced multiple wheels

Size and position of mudguards for the rear wheels of a vehicle Size and position of mudguards for the rear wheels of a vehicle

Figure 10-3-4. LVV Authority Card: New Zealand Hot Rod Association

LVV Authority Card: New Zealand Hot Rod Association

Figure 10-3-5. Permissible damage area on logging truck mudguards (Note 2)

Permissable damage area on logging truck mudguards

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle must be fitted with a mudguard over each road wheel if it is reasonable and practicable to do so (Note 1).

2. A mudguard must cover no less than the width of the tyre tread on each road wheel (Figure 10-3-1 and Figure 10-3-2).

3. A vehicle fitted with twin tyres or close-spaced multiple tyres must be fitted with a mudguard over each wheel on the rear axle that provides continuous protection from a horizontal line tangent to the top of the tyre tread (Note 2) to a line with a slope of 1 in 3 rising rearward from the tyre’s contact point on the road (Figure 10-3-3).

4. A vehicle designed for industrial purposes may be fitted with partial mudguards if the vehicle’s construction makes it impracticable to fit full mudguards.

5. The following vehicles are not required to be fitted with mudguards:

a) a vehicle in an unfinished condition used under the authority of trade plates and operated in accordance with the Compliance Rule

b) a vehicle not capable of exceeding a speed of 30 km/h

c) a vehicle with a valid LVV authority card (Figure 10-3-4).

Mudguard condition

6. A mudguard must be securely fixed to the vehicle and must be constructed so that it does not present a hazard to road users.

Modification

7. A modification that affects a mudguard must be inspected and certified by a Low Volume Vehicle specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for LVV certification (Table 10-3-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 29 April 2020 (see amendment details).

11 Exhaust

11-1 Exhaust system

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. Part of the exhaust system or turbocharger is located where:

a) ignitable or heat-sensitive materials could fall on it, or

b) adjacent material has been degraded by heat.

4. Exhaust system heat shielding has been removed or does not perform as intended.

5. Ventilation designed to cool part of the exhaust system does not perform as intended.

6. Exhaust heat or fumes can harm occupants.

7. The outlet pipe is not located or shielded to avoid injury to passengers entering or exiting, or to other road users.

8. The outlet pipe discharges on the left-hand side of the vehicle.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. The exhaust system, including any turbochargers, must be installed, located, shielded and ventilated so that:

a) no ignitable or heat-sensitive materials could fall on the exhaust system, and

b) material adjacent to any hot surface forming part of, or connected to, the exhaust system must not, under any operating condition, be heated sufficiently to cause degradation.

4. The design, construction and maintenance of the exhaust system must ensure that:

a) emitted heat or fumes cannot harm the occupants of the PSV, and

b) the outlet pipe is shielded or located in a position where other road users, or passengers entering or exiting the vehicle, cannot be burned by the exhaust, and

c) the outlet pipe does not discharge on the left-hand side of the vehicle.

11-2 Exhaust emissions

Reasons for rejection

Performance

1. A vehicle with the engine at normal operating temperature (Note 1) emits clearly visible smoke (Technical bulletin 8) from the exhaust tailpipe (Note 2):

a) for a continuous period of five seconds when the engine is idling and does not meet the additional requirements in Table 11-2-1, or

b) as the engine is being rapidly accelerated to approximately 2500rpm or approximately half the maximum engine speed (whichever is lower) and does not meet the additional requirements in Table 11-2-1.

2. A vehicle (other than group L vehicle or a class MA or MC motorsport vehicle with a valid motorsport authority card) that was first registered in New Zealand on or after 1 May 2010 and manufactured from 1 January 1990 has a catalytic converter (or diesel particulate filter (DPF) in the case of diesel powered vehicles) removed where there is evidence that one was originally fitted, and there is no written evidence issued by an entry certifier that the vehicle passed a prescribed metered emissions test in this condition (Note 5) (Note 6) (Figure 11-2-1).

Note 1 Test procedure:

a) Carry out the idling and acceleration tests in Reason for rejection 1. A vehicle that passes both tests with the engine below normal operating temperature is deemed to have passed with the engine at normal operating temperature.

b) If the vehicle has failed either test, ensure the engine is at normal operating temperature. Then purge the system by increasing the engine speed to 2500 rpm (or half the maximum engine speed if this is lower) and holding it there for about 5 seconds. Repeat the idling and acceleration tests in Reasons for rejection 1.

Note 2

Visible emissions caused by the condensation of water vapour do not count as smoke.

Note 3

Acceptable evidence is:

a) a letter on the letterhead of the manufacturer or manufacturer’s representative, or

b) a letter on the letterhead of an appropriate automobile club, or

c) evidence of equal authority to (a) or (b) above, eg from an appropriate expert.

Note 4

The vehicle inspector may need to take into account further information about unusual or older vehicles, eg from an appropriate expert such as an office holder in a vintage car club.

Note 5

This reason for rejection does not apply if the vehicle operator can provide evidence that the vehicle was first certified for entry before 1 May 2008.

Note 6

The metered emissions test can only be carried out at entry certifier sites (VTNZ, VINZ, NZAA) where entry inspections are carried out. The entry certifiers will issue a document (Figure 11-2-1) that identifies the vehicle, whether or not the vehicle has passed the test, and whether or not the vehicle was tested with any OE catalytic converters removed. A metered emissions test is not required if a catalytic converter is refitted, or if there is evidence that the vehicle was not originally fitted with a catalytic converter.

Table 11-2-1. Additional requirements

Type of vehicle

Additional requirements

First registered on or after 1 January 1960 with four-stroke engine, or

First registered before 1 January 1960with four-stroke engine manufactured on or after 1 January 1960.

1. Document produced by the vehicle operator that proves that (Note 3):

a) the engine is original equipment for the vehicle, and

b) its design means that the vehicle cannot reasonably comply with the visible smoke emission requirements.

Note No evidence is required if, during the acceleration test, a diesel-powered vehicle emits moderate smoke caused by turbo lag.

2. The smoke produced is not noticeably and significantly more visible than it would have been when the vehicle was manufactured and supplied with the fuel recommended by the manufacturer.

First registered before 1 January 1960 with four-stroke engine manufactured before 1 January 1960, or

Vehicle with two-stroke engine or rotary engine.

The smoke produced is not noticeably and significantly more visible than it would have been when the vehicle was manufactured and supplied with the fuel recommended by the manufacturer (Note 4).

Figure 11-2-1. Exhaust emissions test certificate

Exhaust emissions test certificate

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Performance

1. A motor vehicle must not emit clearly visible smoke (Note 2) when the vehicle’s engine is running at its normal operating temperature, under either of the following conditions:

a) for a continuous period of five seconds when the engine is idling

b) as the engine is being accelerated rapidly to approximately 2500 revolutions per minute or approximately half the maximum engine speed (whichever is lower).

2. Requirement 1 above does not apply if the driver of the vehicle produces documentation that proves that the engine is original equipment for the vehicle and the engine’s design means the vehicle cannot reasonably comply (Note 3).

3. The exhaust emissions system or exhaust control equipment of a vehicle (other than a group L vehicle or a class MA or MC motorsport vehicle) first certified for entry into service on or after 1 May 2008 and manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 must not be modified so as to prevent the vehicle from being able to pass a prescribed metered emissions test.

Page amended 2 December 2019 (see amendment details).

12 Towing connections

12-1 Light vehicle towbar and fifth wheel

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A towbar fitted to a vehicle does not have provision for securely fitting the safety chain (Note 1) from a trailer coupling, except for:

a) New Zealand Defence Force vehicles

b) fire-fighting vehicles.

Condition

2. The towbar or towbar mounting (or fifth wheel or fifth-wheel mounting):

a) is not securely attached, or

b) has a bolt or nut that is missing or significantly corroded, or

c) has corrosion damage (Note 2) within 150mm of the mounting points, or

d) is cracked or distorted, or

e) jaws are worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications or out of adjustment, or

f) pivot is seized, worn beyond manufacturer’s specifications, or insecure, or

g) has any other damage that the vehicle inspector considers has affected the structural integrity of the towbar or its attachment to the vehicle.

3. The towbar coupling (towball):

a) is not securely attached, or

b) is worn beyond the manufacturer’s specifications, or

c) is significantly corroded, distorted or cracked, or

d) has a nut that is missing or significantly corroded.

Note 1

For vehicles fitted with a towbar that has a removable ball mount, such as the one shown on the right-hand side Figure 12-1-1, if the safety chain attaches to the removable part, the security of the removable part should be verified (eg retention clip should be of sufficient strength and in good condition).

Note 2

Corrosion damage is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Note 3

A towbar attachment is a modification to the vehicle structure (which never requires LVV certification), refer to section 3-1 Structure for structure requirements around the towbar attachments.

Note 4

A towbar attachment is a modification to the vehicle structure (which never requires LVV certification), refer to section 3-1 Structure for structure requirements around the towbar attachments.

Figure 12-1-1. Towbar and towbar coupling (Note 1)

Towbars

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A towbar, if fitted to a vehicle, must have provision for securing the safety chain or cable from a trailer coupling, except if the vehicle is likely to tow any of the following trailers:

a) a trailer designed for armament purposes by the New Zealand Defence Forces

b) a trailer pump for fire-fighting purposes.

Condition

2. A trailer must be securely attached to the towing vehicle by an adequate coupling.

3. A vehicle must:

a) be safe to be operated, and

b) have been constructed using components and materials that are fit for the purpose, and

c) be within safe tolerance of its state when manufactured or modified.

Page amended 1 November 2017 (see amendment details).

12-2 Towbar

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A towbar that is fitted to a PSV does not show evidence of meeting the requirements of Table 12-2-1.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. A certification plate is:

a) illegible, or

b) has details that do not match the vehicle, or

c) has obvious signs of tampering.

Table 12-2-1. Requirements for certification

Towbar/vehicle date

Evidence of certification

Vehicle entered service as a PSV in New Zealand before 1 September 1999 and fitted with a towbar before 1 September 1999

1. A towbar fitted to a class MA vehicle is identified as supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.

2. For any vehicle, a permanently attached plate, indelibly marked with:

a) manufacturer’s name, and

b) towbar model number or part number, and

c) rating – maximum towed mass (MTM)

i. not exceeding 2000 kg if vehicle class is MA, MB, MC or MD1, or

ii. not exceeding 3500 kg if vehicle class is MD2.

Note A towbar that doesn’t meet 1. or 2. above must be identified for private use only, for example on the checksheet.

Vehicle entered service as a PSV in New Zealand on or after 1 September 1999 and fitted with a towbar, or vehicle entered service as a PSV in New Zealand before 1 September 1999 and fitted with a towbar on or after 1 September 1999.

1. A towbar fitted to a class MA vehicle is identified as supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.

2. For any vehicle, a permanently attached plate, indelibly marked with:

a) manufacturer’s name or trademark which clearly identifies the agency or person who has built the towbar, and

b) the maximum towed mass (MTM) not exceeding 3500 kg, and

c) the maximum vertical load applied at the towing ball, and

d) vehicle make, model or part number which identifies the vehicle(s) for which the towbar has been designed.

Note An unrated towbar may be assessed, rated and plated by an appropriately qualified engineer (does not have to be an engineer appointed by the NZTA).

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A towbar that is fitted to a PSV must comply with the requirements in Table 12-2-1.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

13 Miscellaneous items

13-1 Engine and transmission

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. The engine compartment is not lined with, or made of, fire-resistant materials.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. Fuel, oil or other combustible materials have accumulated or dripped onto a high temperature surface within the engine compartment.

4. A fire-resistant lining is:

a) missing, or

b) damaged or deteriorated so that the risk of fire is increased.

5. A device fitted to a vehicle to restrict the field of swing of a driveshaft in the event of driveshaft failure is:

a) missing, where there is evidence that one was originally fitted, or

b) not securely attached, or

c) cracked, or

d) significantly deteriorated or damaged so that it is unlikely to prevent the driveshaft from striking the ground, chassis or floor in the event of driveshaft failure, or

e) showing evidence of contact with the driveshaft.

Modification

6. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. The engine compartment must be lined with, or made of, fire-resistant materials, in a manner that complies with the engine manufacturer’s specifications for minimum clearances.

Permitted equipment

2. The vehicle may be fitted with a device to restrict the field of swing of a driveshaft in the event of driveshaft failure.

Condition and performance

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

4. The design of the engine installation and engine compartment must ensure that no fuel, oil or other combustible materials could accumulate in the engine compartment or drip on to any high temperature surface.

5. Devices to protect against driveshaft failure must be maintained within safe tolerance of their original condition.

Modification

6. Refer to general vehicle pages.

Page amended 1 October 2012 (see amendment details).

13-2 Fuel system

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. Fuel for a PSV is carried in a temporary fuel tank.

Condition and performance

2. Refer to general vehicle pages.

3. A fuel tank or fuel line shows signs of corrosion.

4. The fuel-tank filling inlet cannot be accessed from outside the body.

5. A fuel cap:

a) does not tighten properly, or

b) seal is in poor condition.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. Fuels for a PSV and the vehicle’s equipment must be carried in permanent fuel tanks.

2. Each filling inlet must be provided with a leak-proof cap.

Condition and performance

3. Refer to general vehicle pages.

4. Fuel tanks and fuel lines must be:

a) corrosion resistant, and

b) designed and constructed of durable, fuel-resistant material, and

c) securely mounted, and

d) reasonably protected from collision damage.

5. Access to the fuel-tank filling inlet must be from outside the body of the PSV.

13-3 LPG/CNG fuel system

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A vehicle that is equipped with an LPG or CNG fuel system that is in working order does not have a current alternative fuel inspection certificate (Note 1) (Note 2) (Figure 13-3-1).

Condition

2. An LPG or CNG fuel system component is:

a) loose, or

b) significantly corroded, distorted or cracked.

3. A gas line:

a) shows signs of corrosion damage (Note 3), such as pitting, or

b) is bulging, or

c) is insecure, or

d) is damaged, eg cut or crimping.

4. There is a noticeable gas leak.

5. There is corrosion damage, distortion or fracture within 300mm of a tank mounting

Note 1 Definitions

Alternative fuel inspection certificate means evidence of vehicle inspection relating to the periodic in-service inspection and certification of an LPG or CNG fuel system.

Alternative fuel installation certificate means an inspection and certification document relating to the installation of an LPG or CNG fuel system. It is not required for the issue of a WoF or CoF.

LPG/CNG fuel system means a fuel storage and conducting system that is used to provide liquid petroleum gas (LPG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) for the purpose of propulsion of a vehicle.

Note 2

An LPG or CNG fuel system with all the necessary components is deemed to be in working order, whether or not it is charged. A system that has had the filler connection removed is deemed to be not in working order.

Note 3

Corrosion damage is where the metal has been eaten away, which is evident by pitting. The outward signs of such corrosion damage is typically displayed by the lifting or bubbling of paint. In extreme cases, the area affected by the corrosion damage will fall out and leave a hole.

Figure 13-1-1. Alternative fuels certificate label

alt fuels label

Table 13-3-1. Modifications that do not require LVV certification
Fitting or modification to:
LVV certification is never required
LPG/CNG fuel system
  • in-service requirements for performance and condition must be met.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A motor vehicle equipped with an LPG or CNG fuel system that is in working order must display a current alternative fuel inspection certificate.

Condition

2. An LPG or CNG fuel system must be in safe working condition.

Modification

3. The installation of an LPG or CNG fuel system is not a modification that requires certification by a LVV specialist certifier.

4. A modification to an existing LPG or CNG fuel system must be inspected and certified by an approved LPG or CNG fuel inspector or inspecting organisation.

Page amended 1 November 2015 (see amendment details).

13-4 Electrical wiring

Reasons for rejection

Condition and performance

1. An electrical cable is not:

a) insulated and protected from damage that could be caused by water, fuel, oil, other fluids, dirt or heat, or

b) if practicable, clipped or otherwise gathered into looms with an insulated material, or

c) appropriately and securely fastened to the vehicle, or

d) protected from damage where it passes through holes in the vehicle structure.

2. An electrical cable that enters the passenger compartment is not protected by a secure cover.

3. A detachable service cover inside the vehicle giving access to electrical cables or equipment does not have a sign warning of the operating voltage.

4. An electrical cable or insulation shows signs of overheating, chafing or other damage.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Condition
Electrical voltages up to and including 32 volts AC or 115 volts DC:

1. The electrical current ratings appropriate to that make and model of cable as installed in the PSV must not be exceeded.

2. Electrical cables must be:

a) insulated and protected from heat, water, fuel, oil and other fluids used in the PSV, and

b) held securely in position and protected from damage due to cutting, abrasion or chafing.

3. Any cable that enters or passes through the passenger compartment must be protected from damage by secure covers.

4. Where electrical cables or equipment are installed in a PSV there must be a sign warning of the operating voltage adjacent to any detachable service cover giving access to the electrical cables or equipment.

13-5 Electric and hybrid vehicle fuel and electrical system

Reasons for rejection

Condition (Note 1)

1. High voltage wiring is:

a) insecure or not adequately secured

b) damaged or deteriorated (including insulation)

c) likely to touch:

i. hot components of the vehicle

ii. sharp edges

iii. rotating parts

iv. the ground.

2. High voltage batteries are:

a) insecure or not adequately secured

b) damaged or deteriorated (including components and electrical insulation)

c) leaking, or showing signs of leaking.

3. High voltage battery or wiring shields are damaged or not in place.

4. A high voltage component’s (eg battery) coolant system is leaking.

5. An electrical system warning lamp is illuminated. See Table 13-5-2 for examples.

Modification

4. A modification affects the electrical system, and:

a) is not excluded from the requirements for specialist certification (Table 13-5-1), or

b) is missing proof of specialist certification, that is:

i. the vehicle is not fitted with a valid certification plate (eg low volume vehicle plate or heavy vehicle certification plate/label), or

ii. the operator is not able to produce a valid modification declaration or authority card

iii. The vehicle has not been certified to an accepted overseas system as described in Technical bulletin 13.

Note 1

Vehicle inspectors are only required to do a visual check. An invasive check is not required.

Table 13-5-1. Modifications that do not require specialist certification

Fitting of or modification to:

Specialist certification is not required provided that:

Fuel system changes and modifications

Note: Specialist certification is always required for changes to the high voltage electrical system.

High voltage battery and control systems
  • the high voltage battery pack is replaced by an OEM or aftermarket replacement; and
  • there is no change in the operating voltage; and
  • no modifications to the vehicles structure have occurred; and
  • the replacement battery pack is attached to the vehicle's unmodified, original battery attachment points; and
  • the replacement battery pack is similar in size, construction, and weight; and
  • no modifications have occurred to any other part of the vehicle's high voltage system; and
  • the vehicle retains any safety features (eg isolation/maintenance switch/connector) fitted by the OEM manufacturer; and
  • the modifications have been carried out by persons professionally engaged in the modification of electric vehicles.

Note: For clarity, ‘similar weight’ is within 30kg of the original battery pack weight.

Fitting of or modification to:

Specialist certification is never required:

Any modification for the purposes of law enforcement or the provision of emergency services

  • in-service requirements for condition and performance must be met.
Table 13-5-2. Electrical system warning icons

General fault

The vehicle may indicate exactly what the fault is.

If the fault is not from an electrical system, or other safety critical system (eg brakes, steering, electrics, ESC etc.) the vehicle may pass the inspection.

general fault 

Vehicle electrical fault

The vehicle should be referred to a repairer for diagnostics.

If the fault is not from a safety critical system (eg brakes, steering, high voltage electrics, ESC etc.), the vehicle may pass the inspection.

limited power 

Limited power/Limp mode

This is likely to do with a fault in the electric drive system. The vehicle should be referred to a repairer for diagnostics.

The vehicle must fail the inspection.

 

Serious electrical fault

The vehicle should be referred to a repairer for diagnostics.

The vehicle must fail the inspection.

 

Master warning

Could be a warning for any vehicle system and is likely to be serious. The vehicle should be referred to a repairer for diagnostics.

The vehicle must fail the inspection.

 

High battery temperature

Remove the car from any indoor premises immediately and turn the vehicle off. The vehicle should be referred to a repairer for diagnostics.

The vehicle must fail the inspection.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Condition and performance

1. The vehicle must be safe to be operated.

2. The components and materials must be fit for their purpose and within safe tolerance of their state when manufactured or modified.

Modifications

3. A modification that affects the electrical system must be inspected and certified by an specialist certifier, unless the vehicle:

a) is excluded from the requirement for specialist certification (Table 13-5-1), and

b) has been inspected in accordance with the requirements in this manual, including those for equipment, condition and performance.

Page amended 1 October 2021 (see amendment details).

14 Load restraints

14-6 PSV baggage and freight restraints

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory equipment

1. A light PSV that is designed to carry cargo is not equipped with facilities capable of securing or containing that cargo such as:

a) a separate cargo compartment, or

b) a means of safely securing items of cargo likely to be carried (Note 1), or

c) a cargo barrier that is fit for purpose, for example, the cargo barrier is fitted with a label or plate indicating compliance with AS/NZS 4034.

Condition and performance

2. Baggage and freight cannot be safely secured or contained to protect occupants, pedestrians and other road users from its possible movement, for example, the compartment, barrier or securing device is unlikely to be strong enough to restrain the cargo and prevent it from entering the passenger area during:

  • normal driving operations, or
  • an emergency stop, or
  • a sudden change of direction (swerve) to avoid a collision.
Note 1

A stretch cargo net of reasonable quality would be sufficient to meet the requirement of safely securing items of cargo likely to be carried in a small passenger services vehicle. As such, a vehicle equipped with serviceable tie down points and a cargo net in good order (stretch or fixed) would satisfy the requirements for a CoF.

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory equipment

1. A light PSV that is designed to carry cargo must be equipped with facilities capable of securing or containing that cargo such as:

a) a separate cargo compartment, or

b) a means of safely securing items of cargo likely to be carried (Note 1) , or

c) a cargo barrier that is fit for purpose, which may be demonstrated by compliance with the version of Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 4034 that was applicable at the time the cargo barrier was installed.

Condition and performance

2. A PSV and its fittings must be designed, constructed and maintained so that baggage and freight can be safely secured or contained to protect occupants, pedestrians and other road users from its possible movement.

Page amended 1 June 2018 (see amendment details).

15 Certificate of loading

15-1 Certificate of loading

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. A light PSV that requires a certificate of fitness (Note 1) does not have a certificate of loading (Note 2) displayed on the vehicle.

2. The vehicle is one of the following and the CoL is no longer valid:

a) the vehicle has been modified so as to require LVV specialist certification, or

b) the vehicle has been de-registered, or

c) the vehicle has changed use and the requirements for CoL differ for the new use, eg change from goods van to PSV (refer to Introduction: 3-5 Establishing whether a vehicle complies).

3. An invalid certificate of loading has not been surrendered to the vehicle inspector (Note 3).

Condition

4. A certificate of loading:

a) is illegible, or

b) is attached so that it is not easily visible, or

c) has details that do not match the vehicle, or

d) has obvious signs of tampering.

Note 1

Vehicles that require a certificate of fitness are listed in section 3.3.1 in the Introduction of this manual.

Note 2

Certificate of loading means a certificate issued under this section to a vehicle that requires verification of its loading and weight limits. Light rental vehicles do not require a CoL.

Note 3

A vehicle with an invalid certificate of loading requires a new certificate of loading.

Figure 15-1-1. Certificate of loading

Certificate of Loading Light PSV

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory requirement

1. A passenger service vehicle with a GVM of 3500kg or less that requires a certificate of fitness (Note 1) requires a certificate of loading (Note 2).

2. Before issuing a certificate of fitness, a CoF vehicle inspector must determine that a current certificate of loading is still valid, if one or more of the following events has occurred since the current certificate of loading was issued:

a) the vehicle has been modified so as to require low volume vehicle specialist certification, or

b) the vehicle has been de-registered, or

c) an application for a change of use has been made under section 16 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 and the requirements for certificates of loading differ for the new use.

3. If a vehicle inspector has determined that a current certificate of loading for a vehicle is no longer valid, they must request the vehicle’s operator to surrender the certificate to the NZTA.

Page amended 29 April 2020 (see amendment details).

16 Transport service licence

16-1 TSL

Please note that this page includes light rental vehicles and light vehicle recovery service vehicles.

Reasons for rejection

Mandatory requirement

1. The operator of a light PSV has not notified (Note 3) the vehicle inspector of the passenger service licence number under which the vehicle is operated.

2. The operator of a light rental service vehicle has not notified the vehicle inspector of the rental service licence number under which the vehicle is operated.

3. The operator of a light vehicle recovery service vehicle has not notified the vehicle inspector of the vehicle recovery service licence number under which the vehicle is operated.

Note 1

If correctly licensed, a vehicle that requires a transport service licence can be identified by the ‘L’ on the vehicle licence label.

Note 2 Definitions

PSV (passenger service vehicle), for the purpose of this section, means a vehicle that:

  • is used to carry passengers for hire or reward, including the letting on hire of a vehicle by a person who drives the vehicle
    or provides a driver for the vehicle if, during hiring, the vehicle is used for the carriage of passengers, or
  • is a class MD2 vehicle,
  • but does not include the following:
  • a rental vehicle that is not a passenger service vehicle, or
  • a vehicle used as a place of abode to the extent that it is not used in a rental service (eg a motorhome or dual-purpose
    motorhome carrying horses where at least 50% of the floor space is constructed for human accommodation), or
  • a hearse.

Rental service vehicle, for the purposes of this section, means a vehicle that is used or available for use in a rental service for letting on hire for the carriage of passengers or goods, or both, to a person who drives or provides a driver for the vehicle.

Vehicle recovery service vehicle, for the purpose of this section, means a vehicle that is designed or adapted for the purpose of towing or carrying motor vehicles for hire or reward, but does not include recovery vehicles of the New Zealand Defence Force.

Note 3

Many vehicles are required to display a TSL label that identifies the TSL number the vehicle is presently operated under (see Figure 16-1-1). For CoF purposes, the vehicle inspector should use the number on the TSL label unless otherwise notified by the operator.

Figure 16-1-1. Sample TSL label

Transport service licence 

Summary of legislation

Applicable legislation
Mandatory requirement

1. No certificate of fitness shall be issued in respect of any transport service vehicle unless the vehicle inspector has been notified of the transport service licence number under which the vehicle is being operated.

Page amended 1 July 2014 (see amendment details).